Fix several missing async context tracking callbacks (#20759)

Co-authored-by: Jarred-Sumner <709451+Jarred-Sumner@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Dylan Conway <dylan.conway567@gmail.com>

test/js/node/async_hooks/async-context/async-context-https-request.js

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+const { AsyncLocalStorage } = require("async_hooks");
+const https = require("https");
+
+const asyncLocalStorage = new AsyncLocalStorage();
+
+asyncLocalStorage.run({ test: "https.request" }, () => {
+  const req = https.request("https://httpbin.org/get", res => {
+    if (asyncLocalStorage.getStore()?.test !== "https.request") {
+      console.error("FAIL: https.request response callback lost context");
+      process.exit(1);
+    }
+
+    res.on("data", () => {});
+    res.on("end", () => {
+      process.exit(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  req.on("error", () => {
+    // Skip test if network is unavailable
+    process.exit(0);
+  });
+
+  req.end();
+});