fix(fetch): preserve header case when sending HTTP requests (#26425)

## Summary
- Fixes #26422
- Preserve HTTP header case when sending requests (e.g., `Content-Type`
instead of `content-type`)
- HTTP headers are technically case-insensitive per RFC 7230, but many
APIs expect specific casing

## Test plan
- [x] Added tests that verify headers are sent with proper case on the
wire
- [x] Tests use raw TCP sockets to capture actual HTTP wire format
- [x] Tests fail with system Bun (lowercase headers), pass with fixed
build

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.ai/claude-code)

Co-authored-by: Claude Bot <claude-bot@bun.sh>
Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

src/bun.js/bindings/bindings.cpp

@@ -1860,7 +1860,7 @@ bool WebCore__FetchHeaders__fastHas_(WebCore::FetchHeaders* arg0, unsigned char
 
 void WebCore__FetchHeaders__copyTo(WebCore::FetchHeaders* headers, StringPointer* names, StringPointer* values, unsigned char* buf)
 {
-    auto iter = headers->createIterator();
+    auto iter = headers->createIterator(false);
     unsigned int i = 0;
 
     for (auto pair = iter.next(); pair; pair = iter.next()) {

test/js/web/fetch/headers-case.test.ts

@@ -1,26 +1,149 @@
 "use strict";
 
 import { expect, test } from "bun:test";
-import { once } from "node:events";
+import { createServer as createTcpServer } from "node:net";
-import { createServer } from "node:http";
 
-test.todo("Headers retain keys case-sensitive", async () => {
+// Test that fetch sends headers with proper case on the wire.
-  await using server = createServer((req, res) => {
+// We use a raw TCP server instead of an HTTP server because uWebSockets
-    expect(req.rawHeaders.includes("Content-Type")).toBe(true);
+// lowercases headers when parsing, which would make the test fail even
+// when the client sends correct casing.
+test("Headers retain keys case-sensitive on the wire", async () => {
+  let receivedData = "";
+  let resolveDataReceived: () => void;
+  let headersDone = false;
+  const dataReceived = new Promise<void>(resolve => {
+    resolveDataReceived = resolve;
+  });
 
-    res.end();
+  const server = createTcpServer(socket => {
-  }).listen(0);
+    socket.on("data", data => {
+      if (headersDone) return;
+      receivedData += data.toString();
+      // Wait for complete headers (ending with \r\n\r\n)
+      if (receivedData.includes("\r\n\r\n")) {
+        headersDone = true;
+        // Send a minimal HTTP response
+        socket.write("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\n\r\n");
+        socket.end();
+        resolveDataReceived();
+      }
+    });
+  });
 
-  await once(server, "listening");
+  server.listen(0);
+  await new Promise<void>(resolve => server.once("listening", resolve));
+  const port = (server.address() as { port: number }).port;
 
-  const url = `http://localhost:${server.address().port}`;
+  try {
-  for (const headers of [
+    // Make a fetch request with various headers
-    new Headers([["Content-Type", "text/plain"]]),
+    await fetch(`http://localhost:${port}/`, {
-    { "Content-Type": "text/plain" },
+      headers: {
-    [["Content-Type", "text/plain"]],
+        "Content-Type": "text/plain",
-  ]) {
+        "X-Custom-Header": "test-value",
-    await fetch(url, { headers });
+        Authorization: "Bearer token123",
+      },
+    });
+
+    await dataReceived;
+
+    // Verify the headers are sent with correct casing
+    expect(receivedData).toInclude("Content-Type: text/plain");
+    expect(receivedData).toInclude("X-Custom-Header: test-value");
+    expect(receivedData).toInclude("Authorization: Bearer token123");
+
+    // Make sure they're NOT lowercased
+    expect(receivedData).not.toInclude("content-type:");
+    expect(receivedData).not.toInclude("x-custom-header:");
+    expect(receivedData).not.toInclude("authorization:");
+  } finally {
+    server.close();
+  }
+});
+
+// Test with Headers object
+test("Headers object retains case on the wire", async () => {
+  let receivedData = "";
+  let resolveDataReceived: () => void;
+  let headersDone = false;
+  const dataReceived = new Promise<void>(resolve => {
+    resolveDataReceived = resolve;
+  });
+
+  const server = createTcpServer(socket => {
+    socket.on("data", data => {
+      if (headersDone) return;
+      receivedData += data.toString();
+      // Wait for complete headers (ending with \r\n\r\n)
+      if (receivedData.includes("\r\n\r\n")) {
+        headersDone = true;
+        socket.write("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\n\r\n");
+        socket.end();
+        resolveDataReceived();
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  server.listen(0);
+  await new Promise<void>(resolve => server.once("listening", resolve));
+  const port = (server.address() as { port: number }).port;
+
+  try {
+    const headers = new Headers([
+      ["Content-Type", "application/json"],
+      ["X-Request-ID", "12345"],
+    ]);
+
+    await fetch(`http://localhost:${port}/`, { headers });
+
+    await dataReceived;
+
+    // Verify headers are sent with correct casing
+    expect(receivedData).toInclude("Content-Type: application/json");
+    expect(receivedData).toInclude("X-Request-ID: 12345");
+  } finally {
+    server.close();
+  }
+});
+
+// Test with Request object
+test("Request headers retain case on the wire", async () => {
+  let receivedData = "";
+  let resolveDataReceived: () => void;
+  let headersDone = false;
+  const dataReceived = new Promise<void>(resolve => {
+    resolveDataReceived = resolve;
+  });
+
+  const server = createTcpServer(socket => {
+    socket.on("data", data => {
+      if (headersDone) return;
+      receivedData += data.toString();
+      // Wait for complete headers (ending with \r\n\r\n)
+      if (receivedData.includes("\r\n\r\n")) {
+        headersDone = true;
+        socket.write("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\n\r\n");
+        socket.end();
+        resolveDataReceived();
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  server.listen(0);
+  await new Promise<void>(resolve => server.once("listening", resolve));
+  const port = (server.address() as { port: number }).port;
+
+  try {
+    // see https://github.com/nodejs/undici/pull/3183
+    const request = new Request(`http://localhost:${port}/`, {
+      headers: [["Content-Type", "text/plain"]],
+    });
+
+    await fetch(request, { method: "GET" });
+
+    await dataReceived;
+
+    expect(receivedData).toInclude("Content-Type: text/plain");
+  } finally {
+    server.close();
   }
-  // see https://github.com/nodejs/undici/pull/3183
-  await fetch(new Request(url, { headers: [["Content-Type", "text/plain"]] }), { method: "GET" });
 });