/// ** IMPORTANT **
/// ** When making changes to the JavaScript Parser that impact runtime behavior or fix bugs **
/// ** you must also increment the `expected_version` in RuntimeTranspilerCache.zig **
/// ** IMPORTANT **
pub const std = @import("std");
const bun = @import("bun");
pub const logger = bun.logger;
pub const js_lexer = bun.js_lexer;
pub const importRecord = @import("./import_record.zig");
pub const js_ast = bun.JSAst;
pub const options = @import("./options.zig");
pub const js_printer = bun.js_printer;
pub const renamer = @import("./renamer.zig");
const _runtime = @import("./runtime.zig");
pub const RuntimeImports = _runtime.Runtime.Imports;
pub const RuntimeFeatures = _runtime.Runtime.Features;
pub const RuntimeNames = _runtime.Runtime.Names;
pub const fs = @import("./fs.zig");
const string = bun.string;
const Output = bun.Output;
const Environment = bun.Environment;
const strings = bun.strings;
const default_allocator = bun.default_allocator;

const G = js_ast.G;
const Define = @import("./defines.zig").Define;
const DefineData = @import("./defines.zig").DefineData;
const FeatureFlags = @import("./feature_flags.zig");
pub const isPackagePath = @import("./resolver/resolver.zig").isPackagePath;
pub const ImportKind = importRecord.ImportKind;
pub const BindingNodeIndex = js_ast.BindingNodeIndex;
const Decl = G.Decl;
const Property = G.Property;
const Arg = G.Arg;
const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator;
pub const StmtNodeIndex = js_ast.StmtNodeIndex;
pub const ExprNodeIndex = js_ast.ExprNodeIndex;
pub const ExprNodeList = js_ast.ExprNodeList;
pub const StmtNodeList = js_ast.StmtNodeList;
pub const BindingNodeList = js_ast.BindingNodeList;
const DeclaredSymbol = js_ast.DeclaredSymbol;
const JSC = bun.JSC;
const Index = @import("./ast/base.zig").Index;

fn _disabledAssert(_: bool) void {
    if (!Environment.allow_assert) @compileError("assert is missing an if (Environment.allow_assert)");
    unreachable;
}

const assert = if (Environment.allow_assert) bun.assert else _disabledAssert;
const debug = Output.scoped(.JSParser, false);
const ExprListLoc = struct {
    list: ExprNodeList,
    loc: logger.Loc,
};
pub const LocRef = js_ast.LocRef;
pub const S = js_ast.S;
pub const B = js_ast.B;
pub const T = js_lexer.T;
pub const E = js_ast.E;
pub const Stmt = js_ast.Stmt;
pub const Expr = js_ast.Expr;
pub const Binding = js_ast.Binding;
pub const Symbol = js_ast.Symbol;
pub const Level = js_ast.Op.Level;
pub const Op = js_ast.Op;
pub const Scope = js_ast.Scope;
pub const locModuleScope = logger.Loc{ .start = -100 };
const Ref = @import("./ast/base.zig").Ref;

pub const StringHashMap = bun.StringHashMap;
pub const AutoHashMap = std.AutoHashMap;
const StringHashMapUnmanaged = bun.StringHashMapUnmanaged;
const ObjectPool = @import("./pool.zig").ObjectPool;

const DeferredImportNamespace = struct {
    namespace: LocRef,
    import_record_id: u32,
};

const SkipTypeParameterResult = enum {
    did_not_skip_anything,
    could_be_type_cast,
    definitely_type_parameters,
};

const TypeParameterFlag = packed struct(u8) {
    /// TypeScript 4.7
    allow_in_out_variance_annotations: bool = false,

    /// TypeScript 5.0
    allow_const_modifier: bool = false,

    /// Allow "<>" without any type parameters
    allow_empty_type_parameters: bool = false,

    _: u5 = 0,
};

const JSXImport = enum {
    jsx,
    jsxDEV,
    jsxs,
    Fragment,
    createElement,

    pub const Symbols = struct {
        jsx: ?LocRef = null,
        jsxDEV: ?LocRef = null,
        jsxs: ?LocRef = null,
        Fragment: ?LocRef = null,
        createElement: ?LocRef = null,

        pub fn get(noalias this: *const Symbols, name: []const u8) ?Ref {
            if (strings.eqlComptime(name, "jsx")) return if (this.jsx) |jsx| jsx.ref.? else null;
            if (strings.eqlComptime(name, "jsxDEV")) return if (this.jsxDEV) |jsx| jsx.ref.? else null;
            if (strings.eqlComptime(name, "jsxs")) return if (this.jsxs) |jsxs| jsxs.ref.? else null;
            if (strings.eqlComptime(name, "Fragment")) return if (this.Fragment) |Fragment| Fragment.ref.? else null;
            if (strings.eqlComptime(name, "createElement")) return if (this.createElement) |createElement| createElement.ref.? else null;
            return null;
        }

        pub fn getWithTag(noalias this: *const Symbols, tag: JSXImport) ?Ref {
            return switch (tag) {
                .jsx => if (this.jsx) |jsx| jsx.ref.? else null,
                .jsxDEV => if (this.jsxDEV) |jsx| jsx.ref.? else null,
                .jsxs => if (this.jsxs) |jsxs| jsxs.ref.? else null,
                .Fragment => if (this.Fragment) |Fragment| Fragment.ref.? else null,
                .createElement => if (this.createElement) |createElement| createElement.ref.? else null,
            };
        }

        pub fn runtimeImportNames(noalias this: *const Symbols, buf: *[3]string) []const string {
            var i: usize = 0;
            if (this.jsxDEV != null) {
                bun.assert(this.jsx == null); // we should never end up with this in the same file
                buf[0] = "jsxDEV";
                i += 1;
            }

            if (this.jsx != null) {
                bun.assert(this.jsxDEV == null); // we should never end up with this in the same file
                buf[0] = "jsx";
                i += 1;
            }

            if (this.jsxs != null) {
                buf[i] = "jsxs";
                i += 1;
            }

            if (this.Fragment != null) {
                buf[i] = "Fragment";
                i += 1;
            }

            return buf[0..i];
        }
        pub fn sourceImportNames(noalias this: *const Symbols) []const string {
            return if (this.createElement != null) &[_]string{"createElement"} else &[_]string{};
        }
    };
};

const arguments_str: string = "arguments";

// Dear reader,
// There are some things you should know about this file to make it easier for humans to read
// "P" is the internal parts of the parser
// "p.e" allocates a new Expr
// "p.b" allocates a new Binding
// "p.s" allocates a new Stmt
// We do it this way so if we want to refactor how these are allocated in the future, we only have to modify one function to change it everywhere
// Everything in JavaScript is either an Expression, a Binding, or a Statement.
//   Expression:  foo(1)
//    Statement:  let a = 1;
//      Binding:  a
// While the names for Expr, Binding, and Stmt are directly copied from esbuild, those were likely inspired by Go's parser.
// which is another example of a very fast parser.

const ScopeOrderList = std.ArrayListUnmanaged(?ScopeOrder);

// kept as a static reference
const exports_string_name: string = "exports";

const MacroRefData = struct {
    import_record_id: u32,
    // if name is null the macro is imported as a namespace import
    // import * as macros from "./macros.js" with {type: "macro"};
    name: ?string = null,
};

const MacroRefs = std.AutoArrayHashMap(Ref, MacroRefData);

const Substitution = union(enum) {
    success: Expr,
    failure: Expr,
    continue_: Expr,
};

/// Concatenate two `E.String`s, mutating BOTH inputs
/// unless `has_inlined_enum_poison` is set.
///
/// Currently inlined enum poison refers to where mutation would cause output
/// bugs due to inlined enum values sharing `E.String`s. If a new use case
/// besides inlined enums comes up to set this to true, please rename the
/// variable and document it.
fn joinStrings(left: *const E.String, right: *const E.String, has_inlined_enum_poison: bool) E.String {
    var new = if (has_inlined_enum_poison)
        // Inlined enums can be shared by multiple call sites. In
        // this case, we need to ensure that the ENTIRE rope is
        // cloned. In other situations, the lhs doesn't have any
        // other owner, so it is fine to mutate `lhs.data.end.next`.
        //
        // Consider the following case:
        //   const enum A {
        //     B = "a" + "b",
        //     D = B + "d",
        //   };
        //   console.log(A.B, A.D);
        left.cloneRopeNodes()
    else
        left.*;

    // Similarly, the right side has to be cloned for an enum rope too.
    //
    // Consider the following case:
    //   const enum A {
    //     B = "1" + "2",
    //     C = ("3" + B) + "4",
    //   };
    //   console.log(A.B, A.C);
    const rhs_clone = Expr.Data.Store.append(E.String, if (has_inlined_enum_poison)
        right.cloneRopeNodes()
    else
        right.*);

    new.push(rhs_clone);
    new.prefer_template = new.prefer_template or rhs_clone.prefer_template;

    return new;
}

/// Transforming the left operand into a string is not safe if it comes from a
/// nested AST node.
const FoldStringAdditionKind = enum {
    // "x" + "y" -> "xy"
    // 1 + "y" -> "1y"
    normal,
    // a + "x" + "y" -> a + "xy"
    // a + 1 + "y" -> a + 1 + y
    nested_left,
};

// NOTE: unlike esbuild's js_ast_helpers.FoldStringAddition, this does mutate
// the input AST in the case of rope strings
fn foldStringAddition(l: Expr, r: Expr, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, kind: FoldStringAdditionKind) ?Expr {
    // "See through" inline enum constants
    // TODO: implement foldAdditionPreProcess to fold some more things :)
    var lhs = l.unwrapInlined();
    var rhs = r.unwrapInlined();

    if (kind != .nested_left) {
        // See comment on `FoldStringAdditionKind` for examples
        switch (rhs.data) {
            .e_string, .e_template => {
                if (lhs.toStringExprWithoutSideEffects(allocator)) |str| {
                    lhs = str;
                }
            },
            else => {},
        }
    }

    switch (lhs.data) {
        .e_string => |left| {
            if (rhs.toStringExprWithoutSideEffects(allocator)) |str| {
                rhs = str;
            }

            if (left.isUTF8()) {
                switch (rhs.data) {
                    // "bar" + "baz" => "barbaz"
                    .e_string => |right| {
                        if (right.isUTF8()) {
                            const has_inlined_enum_poison =
                                l.data == .e_inlined_enum or
                                r.data == .e_inlined_enum;

                            return Expr.init(E.String, joinStrings(
                                left,
                                right,
                                has_inlined_enum_poison,
                            ), lhs.loc);
                        }
                    },
                    // "bar" + `baz${bar}` => `barbaz${bar}`
                    .e_template => |right| {
                        if (right.head.isUTF8()) {
                            return Expr.init(E.Template, E.Template{
                                .parts = right.parts,
                                .head = .{ .cooked = joinStrings(
                                    left,
                                    &right.head.cooked,
                                    l.data == .e_inlined_enum,
                                ) },
                            }, l.loc);
                        }
                    },
                    else => {
                        // other constant-foldable ast nodes would have been converted to .e_string
                    },
                }

                // "'x' + `y${z}`" => "`xy${z}`"
                if (rhs.data == .e_template and rhs.data.e_template.tag == null) {}
            }

            if (left.len() == 0 and rhs.knownPrimitive() == .string) {
                return rhs;
            }

            return null;
        },

        .e_template => |left| {
            // "`${x}` + 0" => "`${x}` + '0'"
            if (rhs.toStringExprWithoutSideEffects(allocator)) |str| {
                rhs = str;
            }

            if (left.tag == null) {
                switch (rhs.data) {
                    // `foo${bar}` + "baz" => `foo${bar}baz`
                    .e_string => |right| {
                        if (right.isUTF8()) {
                            // Mutation of this node is fine because it will be not
                            // be shared by other places. Note that e_template will
                            // be treated by enums as strings, but will not be
                            // inlined unless they could be converted into
                            // .e_string.
                            if (left.parts.len > 0) {
                                const i = left.parts.len - 1;
                                const last = left.parts[i];
                                if (last.tail.isUTF8()) {
                                    left.parts[i].tail = .{ .cooked = joinStrings(
                                        &last.tail.cooked,
                                        right,
                                        r.data == .e_inlined_enum,
                                    ) };
                                    return lhs;
                                }
                            } else {
                                if (left.head.isUTF8()) {
                                    left.head = .{ .cooked = joinStrings(
                                        &left.head.cooked,
                                        right,
                                        r.data == .e_inlined_enum,
                                    ) };
                                    return lhs;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    // `foo${bar}` + `a${hi}b` => `foo${bar}a${hi}b`
                    .e_template => |right| {
                        if (right.tag == null and right.head.isUTF8()) {
                            if (left.parts.len > 0) {
                                const i = left.parts.len - 1;
                                const last = left.parts[i];
                                if (last.tail.isUTF8() and right.head.isUTF8()) {
                                    left.parts[i].tail = .{ .cooked = joinStrings(
                                        &last.tail.cooked,
                                        &right.head.cooked,
                                        r.data == .e_inlined_enum,
                                    ) };

                                    left.parts = if (right.parts.len == 0)
                                        left.parts
                                    else
                                        std.mem.concat(
                                            allocator,
                                            E.TemplatePart,
                                            &.{ left.parts, right.parts },
                                        ) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                                    return lhs;
                                }
                            } else {
                                if (left.head.isUTF8() and right.head.isUTF8()) {
                                    left.head = .{ .cooked = joinStrings(
                                        &left.head.cooked,
                                        &right.head.cooked,
                                        r.data == .e_inlined_enum,
                                    ) };
                                    left.parts = right.parts;
                                    return lhs;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    else => {
                        // other constant-foldable ast nodes would have been converted to .e_string
                    },
                }
            }
        },

        else => {
            // other constant-foldable ast nodes would have been converted to .e_string
        },
    }

    if (rhs.data.as(.e_string)) |right| {
        if (right.len() == 0 and lhs.knownPrimitive() == .string) {
            return lhs;
        }
    }

    return null;
}

// If we are currently in a hoisted child of the module scope, relocate these
// declarations to the top level and return an equivalent assignment statement.
// Make sure to check that the declaration kind is "var" before calling this.
// And make sure to check that the returned statement is not the zero value.
//
// This is done to make some transformations non-destructive
// Without relocating vars to the top level, simplifying this:
// if (false) var foo = 1;
// to nothing is unsafe
// Because "foo" was defined. And now it's not.
pub const RelocateVars = struct {
    pub const Mode = enum { normal, for_in_or_for_of };

    stmt: ?Stmt = null,
    ok: bool = false,
};

const VisitArgsOpts = struct {
    body: []Stmt = &([_]Stmt{}),
    has_rest_arg: bool = false,

    // This is true if the function is an arrow function or a method
    is_unique_formal_parameters: bool = false,
};

pub fn ExpressionTransposer(
    comptime ContextType: type,
    comptime StateType: type,
    comptime visitor: fn (noalias ptr: *ContextType, arg: Expr, state: StateType) Expr,
) type {
    return struct {
        pub const Context = ContextType;
        pub const This = @This();

        context: *Context,

        pub fn init(c: *Context) This {
            return .{ .context = c };
        }

        pub fn maybeTransposeIf(self: *This, arg: Expr, state: StateType) Expr {
            switch (arg.data) {
                .e_if => |ex| {
                    return Expr.init(E.If, .{
                        .yes = self.maybeTransposeIf(ex.yes, state),
                        .no = self.maybeTransposeIf(ex.no, state),
                        .test_ = ex.test_,
                    }, arg.loc);
                },
                else => {
                    return visitor(self.context, arg, state);
                },
            }
        }

        pub fn transposeKnownToBeIf(self: *This, arg: Expr, state: StateType) Expr {
            return Expr.init(E.If, .{
                .yes = self.maybeTransposeIf(arg.data.e_if.yes, state),
                .no = self.maybeTransposeIf(arg.data.e_if.no, state),
                .test_ = arg.data.e_if.test_,
            }, arg.loc);
        }
    };
}

pub fn locAfterOp(e: E.Binary) logger.Loc {
    if (e.left.loc.start < e.right.loc.start) {
        return e.right.loc;
    } else {
        // handle the case when we have transposed the operands
        return e.left.loc;
    }
}

const TransposeState = struct {
    is_await_target: bool = false,
    is_then_catch_target: bool = false,
    is_require_immediately_assigned_to_decl: bool = false,
    loc: logger.Loc = logger.Loc.Empty,
    import_record_tag: ?ImportRecord.Tag = null,
    import_loader: ?bun.options.Loader = null,
    import_options: Expr = Expr.empty,
};

const JSXTag = struct {
    pub const TagType = enum { fragment, tag };
    pub const Data = union(TagType) {
        fragment: u8,
        tag: Expr,

        pub fn asExpr(d: *const Data) ?ExprNodeIndex {
            switch (d.*) {
                .tag => |tag| {
                    return tag;
                },
                else => {
                    return null;
                },
            }
        }
    };
    data: Data,
    range: logger.Range,
    /// Empty string for fragments.
    name: string,

    pub fn parse(comptime P: type, p: *P) anyerror!JSXTag {
        const loc = p.lexer.loc();

        // A missing tag is a fragment
        if (p.lexer.token == .t_greater_than) {
            return JSXTag{
                .range = logger.Range{ .loc = loc, .len = 0 },
                .data = Data{ .fragment = 1 },
                .name = "",
            };
        }

        // The tag is an identifier
        var name = p.lexer.identifier;
        var tag_range = p.lexer.range();
        try p.lexer.expectInsideJSXElementWithName(.t_identifier, "JSX element name");

        // Certain identifiers are strings
        // <div
        // <button
        // <Hello-:Button
        if (strings.containsComptime(name, "-:") or (p.lexer.token != .t_dot and name[0] >= 'a' and name[0] <= 'z')) {
            return JSXTag{
                .data = Data{ .tag = p.newExpr(E.String{
                    .data = name,
                }, loc) },
                .range = tag_range,
                .name = name,
            };
        }

        // Otherwise, this is an identifier
        // <Button>
        var tag = p.newExpr(E.Identifier{ .ref = try p.storeNameInRef(name) }, loc);

        // Parse a member expression chain
        // <Button.Red>
        while (p.lexer.token == .t_dot) {
            try p.lexer.nextInsideJSXElement();
            const member_range = p.lexer.range();
            const member = p.lexer.identifier;
            try p.lexer.expectInsideJSXElement(.t_identifier);

            if (strings.indexOfChar(member, '-')) |index| {
                try p.log.addError(p.source, logger.Loc{ .start = member_range.loc.start + @as(i32, @intCast(index)) }, "Unexpected \"-\"");
                return error.SyntaxError;
            }

            var _name = try p.allocator.alloc(u8, name.len + 1 + member.len);
            bun.copy(u8, _name, name);
            _name[name.len] = '.';
            bun.copy(u8, _name[name.len + 1 .. _name.len], member);
            name = _name;
            tag_range.len = member_range.loc.start + member_range.len - tag_range.loc.start;
            tag = p.newExpr(E.Dot{ .target = tag, .name = member, .name_loc = member_range.loc }, loc);
        }

        return JSXTag{ .data = Data{ .tag = tag }, .range = tag_range, .name = name };
    }
};

pub const TypeScript = struct {
    // This function is taken from the official TypeScript compiler source code:
    // https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/blob/master/src/compiler/parser.ts
    pub fn canFollowTypeArgumentsInExpression(p: anytype) bool {
        return switch (p.lexer.token) {
            // These are the only tokens can legally follow a type argument list. So we
            // definitely want to treat them as type arg lists.
            .t_open_paren, // foo<x>(
            .t_no_substitution_template_literal, // foo<T> `...`
            // foo<T> `...${100}...`
            .t_template_head,
            => true,

            // A type argument list followed by `<` never makes sense, and a type argument list followed
            // by `>` is ambiguous with a (re-scanned) `>>` operator, so we disqualify both. Also, in
            // this context, `+` and `-` are unary operators, not binary operators.
            .t_less_than,
            .t_greater_than,
            .t_plus,
            .t_minus,
            // TypeScript always sees "t_greater_than" instead of these tokens since
            // their scanner works a little differently than our lexer. So since
            // "t_greater_than" is forbidden above, we also forbid these too.
            .t_greater_than_equals,
            .t_greater_than_greater_than,
            .t_greater_than_greater_than_equals,
            .t_greater_than_greater_than_greater_than,
            .t_greater_than_greater_than_greater_than_equals,
            => false,

            // We favor the type argument list interpretation when it is immediately followed by
            // a line break, a binary operator, or something that can't start an expression.
            else => p.lexer.has_newline_before or isBinaryOperator(p) or !isStartOfExpression(p),
        };
    }

    pub const Metadata = union(enum) {
        m_none: void,

        m_never: void,
        m_unknown: void,
        m_any: void,
        m_void: void,
        m_null: void,
        m_undefined: void,
        m_function: void,
        m_array: void,
        m_boolean: void,
        m_string: void,
        m_object: void,
        m_number: void,
        m_bigint: void,
        m_symbol: void,
        m_promise: void,
        m_identifier: Ref,
        m_dot: List(Ref),

        pub const default: @This() = .m_none;

        // the logic in finishUnion, mergeUnion, finishIntersection and mergeIntersection is
        // translated from:
        // https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/blob/e0a324b0503be479f2b33fd2e17c6e86c94d1297/src/compiler/transformers/typeSerializer.ts#L402

        /// Return the final union type if possible, or return null to continue merging.
        ///
        /// If the current type is m_never, m_null, or m_undefined assign the current type
        /// to m_none and return null to ensure it's always replaced by the next type.
        pub fn finishUnion(current: *@This(), p: anytype) ?@This() {
            return switch (current.*) {
                .m_identifier => |ref| {
                    if (strings.eqlComptime(p.loadNameFromRef(ref), "Object")) {
                        return .m_object;
                    }
                    return null;
                },

                .m_unknown,
                .m_any,
                .m_object,
                => .m_object,

                .m_never,
                .m_null,
                .m_undefined,
                => {
                    current.* = .m_none;
                    return null;
                },

                else => null,
            };
        }

        pub fn mergeUnion(result: *@This(), left: @This()) void {
            if (left != .m_none) {
                if (std.meta.activeTag(result.*) != std.meta.activeTag(left)) {
                    result.* = switch (result.*) {
                        .m_never,
                        .m_undefined,
                        .m_null,
                        => left,

                        else => .m_object,
                    };
                } else {
                    switch (result.*) {
                        .m_identifier => |ref| {
                            if (!ref.eql(left.m_identifier)) {
                                result.* = .m_object;
                            }
                        },
                        else => {},
                    }
                }
            } else {
                // always take the next value if left is m_none
            }
        }

        /// Return the final intersection type if possible, or return null to continue merging.
        ///
        /// If the current type is m_unknown, m_null, or m_undefined assign the current type
        /// to m_none and return null to ensure it's always replaced by the next type.
        pub fn finishIntersection(current: *@This(), p: anytype) ?@This() {
            return switch (current.*) {
                .m_identifier => |ref| {
                    if (strings.eqlComptime(p.loadNameFromRef(ref), "Object")) {
                        return .m_object;
                    }
                    return null;
                },

                // ensure m_never is the final type
                .m_never => .m_never,

                .m_any,
                .m_object,
                => .m_object,

                .m_unknown,
                .m_null,
                .m_undefined,
                => {
                    current.* = .m_none;
                    return null;
                },

                else => null,
            };
        }

        pub fn mergeIntersection(result: *@This(), left: @This()) void {
            if (left != .m_none) {
                if (std.meta.activeTag(result.*) != std.meta.activeTag(left)) {
                    result.* = switch (result.*) {
                        .m_unknown,
                        .m_undefined,
                        .m_null,
                        => left,

                        // ensure m_never is the final type
                        .m_never => .m_never,

                        else => .m_object,
                    };
                } else {
                    switch (result.*) {
                        .m_identifier => |ref| {
                            if (!ref.eql(left.m_identifier)) {
                                result.* = .m_object;
                            }
                        },
                        else => {},
                    }
                }
            } else {
                // make sure intersection of only m_unknown serializes to "undefined"
                // instead of "Object"
                if (result.* == .m_unknown) {
                    result.* = .m_undefined;
                }
            }
        }
    };

    pub fn isTSArrowFnJSX(p: anytype) !bool {
        const old_lexer = p.lexer;

        try p.lexer.next();
        // Look ahead to see if this should be an arrow function instead
        var is_ts_arrow_fn = false;

        if (p.lexer.token == .t_const) {
            try p.lexer.next();
        }
        if (p.lexer.token == .t_identifier) {
            try p.lexer.next();
            if (p.lexer.token == .t_comma) {
                is_ts_arrow_fn = true;
            } else if (p.lexer.token == .t_extends) {
                try p.lexer.next();
                is_ts_arrow_fn = p.lexer.token != .t_equals and p.lexer.token != .t_greater_than;
            }
        }

        // Restore the lexer
        p.lexer.restore(&old_lexer);
        return is_ts_arrow_fn;
    }

    // This function is taken from the official TypeScript compiler source code:
    // https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/blob/master/src/compiler/parser.ts
    fn isBinaryOperator(p: anytype) bool {
        return switch (p.lexer.token) {
            .t_in => p.allow_in,

            .t_question_question,
            .t_bar_bar,
            .t_ampersand_ampersand,
            .t_bar,
            .t_caret,
            .t_ampersand,
            .t_equals_equals,
            .t_exclamation_equals,
            .t_equals_equals_equals,
            .t_exclamation_equals_equals,
            .t_less_than,
            .t_greater_than,
            .t_less_than_equals,
            .t_greater_than_equals,
            .t_instanceof,
            .t_less_than_less_than,
            .t_greater_than_greater_than,
            .t_greater_than_greater_than_greater_than,
            .t_plus,
            .t_minus,
            .t_asterisk,
            .t_slash,
            .t_percent,
            .t_asterisk_asterisk,
            => true,
            .t_identifier => p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("as") or p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("satisfies"),
            else => false,
        };
    }

    // This function is taken from the official TypeScript compiler source code:
    // https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/blob/master/src/compiler/parser.ts
    fn isStartOfLeftHandSideExpression(p: anytype) bool {
        return switch (p.lexer.token) {
            .t_this,
            .t_super,
            .t_null,
            .t_true,
            .t_false,
            .t_numeric_literal,
            .t_big_integer_literal,
            .t_string_literal,
            .t_no_substitution_template_literal,
            .t_template_head,
            .t_open_paren,
            .t_open_bracket,
            .t_open_brace,
            .t_function,
            .t_class,
            .t_new,
            .t_slash,
            .t_slash_equals,
            .t_identifier,
            => true,
            .t_import => lookAheadNextTokenIsOpenParenOrLessThanOrDot(p),
            else => isIdentifier(p),
        };
    }

    fn lookAheadNextTokenIsOpenParenOrLessThanOrDot(p: anytype) bool {
        const old_lexer = p.lexer;
        const old_log_disabled = p.lexer.is_log_disabled;
        p.lexer.is_log_disabled = true;
        defer {
            p.lexer.restore(&old_lexer);
            p.lexer.is_log_disabled = old_log_disabled;
        }
        p.lexer.next() catch {};

        return switch (p.lexer.token) {
            .t_open_paren, .t_less_than, .t_dot => true,
            else => false,
        };
    }

    // This function is taken from the official TypeScript compiler source code:
    // https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/blob/master/src/compiler/parser.ts
    fn isIdentifier(p: anytype) bool {
        if (p.lexer.token == .t_identifier) {
            // If we have a 'yield' keyword, and we're in the [yield] context, then 'yield' is
            // considered a keyword and is not an identifier.
            if (p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.allow_yield != .allow_ident and strings.eqlComptime(p.lexer.identifier, "yield")) {
                return false;
            }

            // If we have an 'await' keyword, and we're in the [await] context, then 'await' is
            // considered a keyword and is not an identifier.
            if (p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.allow_await != .allow_ident and strings.eqlComptime(p.lexer.identifier, "await")) {
                return false;
            }

            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

    fn isStartOfExpression(p: anytype) bool {
        if (isStartOfLeftHandSideExpression(p))
            return true;

        switch (p.lexer.token) {
            .t_plus,
            .t_minus,
            .t_tilde,
            .t_exclamation,
            .t_delete,
            .t_typeof,
            .t_void,
            .t_plus_plus,
            .t_minus_minus,
            .t_less_than,
            .t_private_identifier,
            .t_at,
            => return true,
            else => {
                if (p.lexer.token == .t_identifier and (strings.eqlComptime(p.lexer.identifier, "await") or strings.eqlComptime(p.lexer.identifier, "yield"))) {
                    // Yield/await always starts an expression.  Either it is an identifier (in which case
                    // it is definitely an expression).  Or it's a keyword (either because we're in
                    // a generator or async function, or in strict mode (or both)) and it started a yield or await expression.
                    return true;
                }

                // Error tolerance.  If we see the start of some binary operator, we consider
                // that the start of an expression.  That way we'll parse out a missing identifier,
                // give a good message about an identifier being missing, and then consume the
                // rest of the binary expression.
                if (isBinaryOperator(p)) {
                    return true;
                }

                return isIdentifier(p);
            },
        }

        unreachable;
    }

    pub const Identifier = struct {
        pub const StmtIdentifier = enum {
            s_type,

            s_namespace,

            s_abstract,

            s_module,

            s_interface,

            s_declare,
        };
        pub fn forStr(str: string) ?StmtIdentifier {
            switch (str.len) {
                "type".len => return if (strings.eqlComptimeIgnoreLen(str, "type"))
                    .s_type
                else
                    null,
                "interface".len => {
                    if (strings.eqlComptime(str, "interface")) {
                        return .s_interface;
                    } else if (strings.eqlComptime(str, "namespace")) {
                        return .s_namespace;
                    } else {
                        return null;
                    }
                },
                "abstract".len => {
                    if (strings.eqlComptime(str, "abstract")) {
                        return .s_abstract;
                    } else {
                        return null;
                    }
                },
                "declare".len => {
                    if (strings.eqlComptime(str, "declare")) {
                        return .s_declare;
                    } else {
                        return null;
                    }
                },
                "module".len => {
                    if (strings.eqlComptime(str, "module")) {
                        return .s_module;
                    } else {
                        return null;
                    }
                },
                else => return null,
            }
        }
        pub const IMap = bun.ComptimeStringMap(Kind, .{
            .{ "unique", .unique },
            .{ "abstract", .abstract },
            .{ "asserts", .asserts },

            .{ "keyof", .prefix_keyof },
            .{ "readonly", .prefix_readonly },

            .{ "any", .primitive_any },
            .{ "never", .primitive_never },
            .{ "unknown", .primitive_unknown },
            .{ "undefined", .primitive_undefined },
            .{ "object", .primitive_object },
            .{ "number", .primitive_number },
            .{ "string", .primitive_string },
            .{ "boolean", .primitive_boolean },
            .{ "bigint", .primitive_bigint },
            .{ "symbol", .primitive_symbol },

            .{ "infer", .infer },
        });
        pub const Kind = enum {
            normal,
            unique,
            abstract,
            asserts,
            prefix_keyof,
            prefix_readonly,
            primitive_any,
            primitive_never,
            primitive_unknown,
            primitive_undefined,
            primitive_object,
            primitive_number,
            primitive_string,
            primitive_boolean,
            primitive_bigint,
            primitive_symbol,
            infer,
        };
    };

    pub const SkipTypeOptions = enum {
        is_return_type,
        is_index_signature,
        allow_tuple_labels,
        disallow_conditional_types,

        pub const Bitset = std.enums.EnumSet(@This());
        pub const empty = Bitset.initEmpty();
    };
};

pub const ImportScanner = struct {
    stmts: []Stmt = &.{},
    kept_import_equals: bool = false,
    removed_import_equals: bool = false,

    pub fn scan(
        comptime P: type,
        p: *P,
        stmts: []Stmt,
        will_transform_to_common_js: bool,
        comptime hot_module_reloading_transformations: bool,
        hot_module_reloading_context: if (hot_module_reloading_transformations) *ConvertESMExportsForHmr else void,
    ) !ImportScanner {
        var scanner = ImportScanner{};
        var stmts_end: usize = 0;
        const allocator = p.allocator;
        const is_typescript_enabled: bool = comptime P.parser_features.typescript;

        for (stmts) |_stmt| {
            var stmt = _stmt; // copy
            switch (stmt.data) {
                .s_import => |import_ptr| {
                    var st = import_ptr.*;
                    defer import_ptr.* = st;

                    const record: *ImportRecord = &p.import_records.items[st.import_record_index];

                    if (record.path.isMacro()) {
                        record.is_unused = true;
                        record.path.is_disabled = true;
                        continue;
                    }

                    // The official TypeScript compiler always removes unused imported
                    // symbols. However, we deliberately deviate from the official
                    // TypeScript compiler's behavior doing this in a specific scenario:
                    // we are not bundling, symbol renaming is off, and the tsconfig.json
                    // "importsNotUsedAsValues" setting is present and is not set to
                    // "remove".
                    //
                    // This exists to support the use case of compiling partial modules for
                    // compile-to-JavaScript languages such as Svelte. These languages try
                    // to reference imports in ways that are impossible for esbuild to know
                    // about when esbuild is only given a partial module to compile. Here
                    // is an example of some Svelte code that might use esbuild to convert
                    // TypeScript to JavaScript:
                    //
                    //   <script lang="ts">
                    //     import Counter from './Counter.svelte';
                    //     export let name: string = 'world';
                    //   </script>
                    //   <main>
                    //     <h1>Hello {name}!</h1>
                    //     <Counter />
                    //   </main>
                    //
                    // Tools that use esbuild to compile TypeScript code inside a Svelte
                    // file like this only give esbuild the contents of the <script> tag.
                    // These tools work around this missing import problem when using the
                    // official TypeScript compiler by hacking the TypeScript AST to
                    // remove the "unused import" flags. This isn't possible in esbuild
                    // because esbuild deliberately does not expose an AST manipulation
                    // API for performance reasons.
                    //
                    // We deviate from the TypeScript compiler's behavior in this specific
                    // case because doing so is useful for these compile-to-JavaScript
                    // languages and is benign in other cases. The rationale is as follows:
                    //
                    //   * If "importsNotUsedAsValues" is absent or set to "remove", then
                    //     we don't know if these imports are values or types. It's not
                    //     safe to keep them because if they are types, the missing imports
                    //     will cause run-time failures because there will be no matching
                    //     exports. It's only safe keep imports if "importsNotUsedAsValues"
                    //     is set to "preserve" or "error" because then we can assume that
                    //     none of the imports are types (since the TypeScript compiler
                    //     would generate an error in that case).
                    //
                    //   * If we're bundling, then we know we aren't being used to compile
                    //     a partial module. The parser is seeing the entire code for the
                    //     module so it's safe to remove unused imports. And also we don't
                    //     want the linker to generate errors about missing imports if the
                    //     imported file is also in the bundle.
                    //
                    //   * If identifier minification is enabled, then using esbuild as a
                    //     partial-module transform library wouldn't work anyway because
                    //     the names wouldn't match. And that means we're minifying so the
                    //     user is expecting the output to be as small as possible. So we
                    //     should omit unused imports.
                    //
                    var did_remove_star_loc = false;
                    const keep_unused_imports = !p.options.features.trim_unused_imports;
                    // TypeScript always trims unused imports. This is important for
                    // correctness since some imports might be fake (only in the type
                    // system and used for type-only imports).
                    if (!keep_unused_imports) {
                        var found_imports = false;
                        var is_unused_in_typescript = true;

                        if (st.default_name) |default_name| {
                            found_imports = true;
                            const symbol = p.symbols.items[default_name.ref.?.innerIndex()];

                            // TypeScript has a separate definition of unused
                            if (is_typescript_enabled and p.ts_use_counts.items[default_name.ref.?.innerIndex()] != 0) {
                                is_unused_in_typescript = false;
                            }

                            // Remove the symbol if it's never used outside a dead code region
                            if (symbol.use_count_estimate == 0) {
                                st.default_name = null;
                            }
                        }

                        // Remove the star import if it's unused
                        if (st.star_name_loc) |_| {
                            found_imports = true;
                            const symbol = p.symbols.items[st.namespace_ref.innerIndex()];

                            // TypeScript has a separate definition of unused
                            if (is_typescript_enabled and p.ts_use_counts.items[st.namespace_ref.innerIndex()] != 0) {
                                is_unused_in_typescript = false;
                            }

                            // Remove the symbol if it's never used outside a dead code region
                            if (symbol.use_count_estimate == 0) {
                                // Make sure we don't remove this if it was used for a property
                                // access while bundling
                                var has_any = false;

                                if (p.import_items_for_namespace.get(st.namespace_ref)) |entry| {
                                    if (entry.count() > 0) {
                                        has_any = true;
                                    }
                                }

                                if (!has_any) {
                                    st.star_name_loc = null;
                                    did_remove_star_loc = true;
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        // Remove items if they are unused
                        if (st.items.len > 0) {
                            found_imports = true;
                            var items_end: usize = 0;
                            for (st.items) |item| {
                                const ref = item.name.ref.?;
                                const symbol: Symbol = p.symbols.items[ref.innerIndex()];

                                // TypeScript has a separate definition of unused
                                if (is_typescript_enabled and p.ts_use_counts.items[ref.innerIndex()] != 0) {
                                    is_unused_in_typescript = false;
                                }

                                // Remove the symbol if it's never used outside a dead code region
                                if (symbol.use_count_estimate != 0) {
                                    st.items[items_end] = item;
                                    items_end += 1;
                                }
                            }

                            st.items = st.items[0..items_end];
                        }

                        // -- Original Comment --
                        // Omit this statement if we're parsing TypeScript and all imports are
                        // unused. Note that this is distinct from the case where there were
                        // no imports at all (e.g. "import 'foo'"). In that case we want to keep
                        // the statement because the user is clearly trying to import the module
                        // for side effects.
                        //
                        // This culling is important for correctness when parsing TypeScript
                        // because a) the TypeScript compiler does this and we want to match it
                        // and b) this may be a fake module that only exists in the type system
                        // and doesn't actually exist in reality.
                        //
                        // We do not want to do this culling in JavaScript though because the
                        // module may have side effects even if all imports are unused.
                        // -- Original Comment --

                        // jarred: I think, in this project, we want this behavior, even in JavaScript.
                        // I think this would be a big performance improvement.
                        // The less you import, the less code you transpile.
                        // Side-effect imports are nearly always done through identifier-less imports
                        // e.g. `import 'fancy-stylesheet-thing/style.css';`
                        // This is a breaking change though. We can make it an option with some guardrail
                        // so maybe if it errors, it shows a suggestion "retry without trimming unused imports"
                        if ((is_typescript_enabled and found_imports and is_unused_in_typescript and !p.options.preserve_unused_imports_ts) or
                            (!is_typescript_enabled and p.options.features.trim_unused_imports and found_imports and st.star_name_loc == null and st.items.len == 0 and st.default_name == null))
                        {
                            // internal imports are presumed to be always used
                            // require statements cannot be stripped
                            if (!record.is_internal and !record.was_originally_require) {
                                record.is_unused = true;
                                continue;
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    const namespace_ref = st.namespace_ref;
                    const convert_star_to_clause = !p.options.bundle and (p.symbols.items[namespace_ref.innerIndex()].use_count_estimate == 0);

                    if (convert_star_to_clause and !keep_unused_imports) {
                        st.star_name_loc = null;
                    }

                    record.contains_default_alias = record.contains_default_alias or st.default_name != null;

                    const existing_items: ImportItemForNamespaceMap = p.import_items_for_namespace.get(namespace_ref) orelse
                        ImportItemForNamespaceMap.init(allocator);

                    if (p.options.bundle) {
                        if (st.star_name_loc != null and existing_items.count() > 0) {
                            const sorted = try allocator.alloc(string, existing_items.count());
                            defer allocator.free(sorted);
                            for (sorted, existing_items.keys()) |*result, alias| {
                                result.* = alias;
                            }
                            strings.sortDesc(sorted);
                            p.named_imports.ensureUnusedCapacity(p.allocator, sorted.len) catch bun.outOfMemory();

                            // Create named imports for these property accesses. This will
                            // cause missing imports to generate useful warnings.
                            //
                            // It will also improve bundling efficiency for internal imports
                            // by still converting property accesses off the namespace into
                            // bare identifiers even if the namespace is still needed.
                            for (sorted) |alias| {
                                const item = existing_items.get(alias).?;
                                p.named_imports.put(
                                    p.allocator,
                                    item.ref.?,
                                    js_ast.NamedImport{
                                        .alias = alias,
                                        .alias_loc = item.loc,
                                        .namespace_ref = namespace_ref,
                                        .import_record_index = st.import_record_index,
                                    },
                                ) catch bun.outOfMemory();

                                const name: LocRef = item;
                                const name_ref = name.ref.?;

                                // Make sure the printer prints this as a property access
                                var symbol: *Symbol = &p.symbols.items[name_ref.innerIndex()];

                                symbol.namespace_alias = G.NamespaceAlias{
                                    .namespace_ref = namespace_ref,
                                    .alias = alias,
                                    .import_record_index = st.import_record_index,
                                    .was_originally_property_access = st.star_name_loc != null and existing_items.contains(symbol.original_name),
                                };

                                // Also record these automatically-generated top-level namespace alias symbols
                                p.declared_symbols.append(p.allocator, .{
                                    .ref = name_ref,
                                    .is_top_level = true,
                                }) catch unreachable;
                            }
                        }

                        p.named_imports.ensureUnusedCapacity(
                            p.allocator,
                            st.items.len + @as(usize, @intFromBool(st.default_name != null)) + @as(usize, @intFromBool(st.star_name_loc != null)),
                        ) catch bun.outOfMemory();

                        if (st.star_name_loc) |loc| {
                            record.contains_import_star = true;
                            p.named_imports.putAssumeCapacity(
                                namespace_ref,
                                js_ast.NamedImport{
                                    .alias_is_star = true,
                                    .alias = "",
                                    .alias_loc = loc,
                                    .namespace_ref = Ref.None,
                                    .import_record_index = st.import_record_index,
                                },
                            );
                        }

                        if (st.default_name) |default| {
                            record.contains_default_alias = true;
                            p.named_imports.putAssumeCapacity(
                                default.ref.?,
                                .{
                                    .alias = "default",
                                    .alias_loc = default.loc,
                                    .namespace_ref = namespace_ref,
                                    .import_record_index = st.import_record_index,
                                },
                            );
                        }

                        for (st.items) |item| {
                            const name: LocRef = item.name;
                            const name_ref = name.ref.?;

                            p.named_imports.putAssumeCapacity(
                                name_ref,
                                js_ast.NamedImport{
                                    .alias = item.alias,
                                    .alias_loc = name.loc,
                                    .namespace_ref = namespace_ref,
                                    .import_record_index = st.import_record_index,
                                },
                            );
                        }
                    } else {
                        // ESM requires live bindings
                        // CommonJS does not require live bindings
                        // We load ESM in browsers & in Bun.js
                        // We have to simulate live bindings for cases where the code is bundled
                        // We do not know at this stage whether or not the import statement is bundled
                        // This keeps track of the `namespace_alias` incase, at printing time, we determine that we should print it with the namespace
                        for (st.items) |item| {
                            record.contains_default_alias = record.contains_default_alias or strings.eqlComptime(item.alias, "default");

                            const name: LocRef = item.name;
                            const name_ref = name.ref.?;

                            try p.named_imports.put(p.allocator, name_ref, js_ast.NamedImport{
                                .alias = item.alias,
                                .alias_loc = name.loc,
                                .namespace_ref = namespace_ref,
                                .import_record_index = st.import_record_index,
                            });

                            // Make sure the printer prints this as a property access
                            var symbol: *Symbol = &p.symbols.items[name_ref.innerIndex()];
                            if (record.contains_import_star or st.star_name_loc != null)
                                symbol.namespace_alias = G.NamespaceAlias{
                                    .namespace_ref = namespace_ref,
                                    .alias = item.alias,
                                    .import_record_index = st.import_record_index,
                                    .was_originally_property_access = st.star_name_loc != null and existing_items.contains(symbol.original_name),
                                };
                        }

                        if (record.was_originally_require) {
                            var symbol = &p.symbols.items[namespace_ref.innerIndex()];
                            symbol.namespace_alias = G.NamespaceAlias{
                                .namespace_ref = namespace_ref,
                                .alias = "",
                                .import_record_index = st.import_record_index,
                                .was_originally_property_access = false,
                            };
                        }
                    }

                    try p.import_records_for_current_part.append(allocator, st.import_record_index);

                    record.contains_import_star = record.contains_import_star or st.star_name_loc != null;
                    record.contains_default_alias = record.contains_default_alias or st.default_name != null;

                    for (st.items) |*item| {
                        record.contains_default_alias = record.contains_default_alias or strings.eqlComptime(item.alias, "default");
                        record.contains_es_module_alias = record.contains_es_module_alias or strings.eqlComptime(item.alias, "__esModule");
                    }
                },

                .s_function => |st| {
                    if (st.func.flags.contains(.is_export)) {
                        if (st.func.name) |name| {
                            const original_name = p.symbols.items[name.ref.?.innerIndex()].original_name;
                            try p.recordExport(name.loc, original_name, name.ref.?);
                        } else {
                            try p.log.addRangeError(p.source, logger.Range{ .loc = st.func.open_parens_loc, .len = 2 }, "Exported functions must have a name");
                        }
                    }
                },
                .s_class => |st| {
                    if (st.is_export) {
                        if (st.class.class_name) |name| {
                            try p.recordExport(name.loc, p.symbols.items[name.ref.?.innerIndex()].original_name, name.ref.?);
                        } else {
                            try p.log.addRangeError(p.source, logger.Range{ .loc = st.class.body_loc, .len = 0 }, "Exported classes must have a name");
                        }
                    }
                },
                .s_local => |st| {
                    if (st.is_export) {
                        for (st.decls.slice()) |decl| {
                            p.recordExportedBinding(decl.binding);
                        }
                    }

                    // Remove unused import-equals statements, since those likely
                    // correspond to types instead of values
                    if (st.was_ts_import_equals and !st.is_export and st.decls.len > 0) {
                        var decl = st.decls.ptr[0];

                        // Skip to the underlying reference
                        var value = decl.value;
                        if (decl.value != null) {
                            while (true) {
                                if (@as(Expr.Tag, value.?.data) == .e_dot) {
                                    value = value.?.data.e_dot.target;
                                } else {
                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        // Is this an identifier reference and not a require() call?
                        if (value) |val| {
                            if (@as(Expr.Tag, val.data) == .e_identifier) {
                                // Is this import statement unused?
                                if (@as(Binding.Tag, decl.binding.data) == .b_identifier and p.symbols.items[decl.binding.data.b_identifier.ref.innerIndex()].use_count_estimate == 0) {
                                    p.ignoreUsage(val.data.e_identifier.ref);

                                    scanner.removed_import_equals = true;
                                    continue;
                                } else {
                                    scanner.kept_import_equals = true;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                .s_export_default => |st| {
                    // This is defer'd so that we still record export default for identifiers
                    defer {
                        if (st.default_name.ref) |ref| {
                            p.recordExport(st.default_name.loc, "default", ref) catch {};
                        }
                    }

                    // Rewrite this export to be:
                    // exports.default =
                    // But only if it's anonymous
                    if (!hot_module_reloading_transformations and will_transform_to_common_js and P != bun.bundle_v2.AstBuilder) {
                        const expr = st.value.toExpr();
                        var export_default_args = try p.allocator.alloc(Expr, 2);
                        export_default_args[0] = p.@"module.exports"(expr.loc);
                        export_default_args[1] = expr;
                        stmt = p.s(S.SExpr{ .value = p.callRuntime(expr.loc, "__exportDefault", export_default_args) }, expr.loc);
                    }
                },
                .s_export_clause => |st| {
                    for (st.items) |item| {
                        try p.recordExport(item.alias_loc, item.alias, item.name.ref.?);
                    }
                },
                .s_export_star => |st| {
                    try p.import_records_for_current_part.append(allocator, st.import_record_index);

                    if (st.alias) |alias| {
                        // "export * as ns from 'path'"
                        try p.named_imports.put(p.allocator, st.namespace_ref, js_ast.NamedImport{
                            .alias = null,
                            .alias_is_star = true,
                            .alias_loc = alias.loc,
                            .namespace_ref = Ref.None,
                            .import_record_index = st.import_record_index,
                            .is_exported = true,
                        });
                        try p.recordExport(alias.loc, alias.original_name, st.namespace_ref);
                        var record = &p.import_records.items[st.import_record_index];
                        record.contains_import_star = true;
                    } else {
                        // "export * from 'path'"
                        try p.export_star_import_records.append(allocator, st.import_record_index);
                    }
                },
                .s_export_from => |st| {
                    try p.import_records_for_current_part.append(allocator, st.import_record_index);
                    p.named_imports.ensureUnusedCapacity(p.allocator, st.items.len) catch unreachable;
                    for (st.items) |item| {
                        const ref = item.name.ref orelse p.panic("Expected export from item to have a name {any}", .{st});
                        // Note that the imported alias is not item.Alias, which is the
                        // exported alias. This is somewhat confusing because each
                        // SExportFrom statement is basically SImport + SExportClause in one.
                        try p.named_imports.put(p.allocator, ref, js_ast.NamedImport{
                            .alias_is_star = false,
                            .alias = item.original_name,
                            .alias_loc = item.name.loc,
                            .namespace_ref = st.namespace_ref,
                            .import_record_index = st.import_record_index,
                            .is_exported = true,
                        });
                        try p.recordExport(item.name.loc, item.alias, ref);

                        var record = &p.import_records.items[st.import_record_index];
                        if (strings.eqlComptime(item.original_name, "default")) {
                            record.contains_default_alias = true;
                        } else if (strings.eqlComptime(item.original_name, "__esModule")) {
                            record.contains_es_module_alias = true;
                        }
                    }
                },
                else => {},
            }

            if (hot_module_reloading_transformations) {
                try hot_module_reloading_context.convertStmt(p, stmt);
            } else {
                stmts[stmts_end] = stmt;
                stmts_end += 1;
            }
        }

        if (!hot_module_reloading_transformations)
            scanner.stmts = stmts[0..stmts_end];

        return scanner;
    }
};

/// We must prevent collisions from generated names with user's names.
///
/// When transpiling for the runtime, we want to avoid adding a pass over all
/// the symbols in the file (we do this in the bundler since there is more than
/// one file, and user symbols from different files may collide with each
/// other).
///
/// This makes sure that there's the lowest possible chance of having a generated name
/// collide with a user's name. This is the easiest way to do so
pub inline fn generatedSymbolName(name: []const u8) []const u8 {
    comptime {
        const hash = std.hash.Wyhash.hash(0, name);
        const hash_str = std.fmt.comptimePrint("_{}", .{bun.fmt.truncatedHash32(@intCast(hash))});
        return name ++ hash_str;
    }
}

pub const SideEffects = enum(u1) {
    could_have_side_effects,
    no_side_effects,

    pub const Result = struct {
        side_effects: SideEffects,
        ok: bool = false,
        value: bool = false,
    };

    pub fn canChangeStrictToLoose(lhs: Expr.Data, rhs: Expr.Data) bool {
        const left = lhs.knownPrimitive();
        const right = rhs.knownPrimitive();
        return left == right and left != .unknown and left != .mixed;
    }

    pub fn simplifyBoolean(p: anytype, expr: Expr) Expr {
        if (!p.options.features.dead_code_elimination) return expr;

        var result: Expr = expr;
        _simplifyBoolean(p, &result);
        return result;
    }

    fn _simplifyBoolean(p: anytype, expr: *Expr) void {
        while (true) {
            switch (expr.data) {
                .e_unary => |e| {
                    if (e.op == .un_not) {
                        // "!!a" => "a"
                        if (e.value.data == .e_unary and e.value.data.e_unary.op == .un_not) {
                            expr.* = e.value.data.e_unary.value;
                            continue;
                        }

                        _simplifyBoolean(p, &e.value);
                    }
                },
                .e_binary => |e| {
                    switch (e.op) {
                        .bin_logical_and => {
                            const effects = SideEffects.toBoolean(p, e.right.data);
                            if (effects.ok and effects.value and effects.side_effects == .no_side_effects) {
                                // "if (anything && truthyNoSideEffects)" => "if (anything)"
                                expr.* = e.left;
                                continue;
                            }
                        },
                        .bin_logical_or => {
                            const effects = SideEffects.toBoolean(p, e.right.data);
                            if (effects.ok and !effects.value and effects.side_effects == .no_side_effects) {
                                // "if (anything || falsyNoSideEffects)" => "if (anything)"
                                expr.* = e.left;
                                continue;
                            }
                        },
                        else => {},
                    }
                },
                else => {},
            }
            break;
        }
    }

    pub const toNumber = Expr.Data.toNumber;
    pub const typeof = Expr.Data.toTypeof;

    pub fn isPrimitiveToReorder(data: Expr.Data) bool {
        return switch (data) {
            .e_null,
            .e_undefined,
            .e_string,
            .e_boolean,
            .e_number,
            .e_big_int,
            .e_inlined_enum,
            .e_require_main,
            => true,
            else => false,
        };
    }

    pub fn simplifyUnusedExpr(p: anytype, expr: Expr) ?Expr {
        if (!p.options.features.dead_code_elimination) return expr;
        switch (expr.data) {
            .e_null,
            .e_undefined,
            .e_missing,
            .e_boolean,
            .e_number,
            .e_big_int,
            .e_string,
            .e_this,
            .e_reg_exp,
            .e_function,
            .e_arrow,
            .e_import_meta,
            .e_inlined_enum,
            => return null,

            .e_dot => |dot| {
                if (dot.can_be_removed_if_unused) {
                    return null;
                }
            },
            .e_identifier => |ident| {
                if (ident.must_keep_due_to_with_stmt) {
                    return expr;
                }

                if (ident.can_be_removed_if_unused or p.symbols.items[ident.ref.innerIndex()].kind != .unbound) {
                    return null;
                }
            },
            .e_if => |ternary| {
                ternary.yes = simplifyUnusedExpr(p, ternary.yes) orelse ternary.yes.toEmpty();
                ternary.no = simplifyUnusedExpr(p, ternary.no) orelse ternary.no.toEmpty();

                // "foo() ? 1 : 2" => "foo()"
                if (ternary.yes.isEmpty() and ternary.no.isEmpty()) {
                    return simplifyUnusedExpr(p, ternary.test_);
                }

                // "foo() ? 1 : bar()" => "foo() || bar()"
                if (ternary.yes.isEmpty()) {
                    return Expr.joinWithLeftAssociativeOp(
                        .bin_logical_or,
                        ternary.test_,
                        ternary.no,
                        p.allocator,
                    );
                }

                // "foo() ? bar() : 2" => "foo() && bar()"
                if (ternary.no.isEmpty()) {
                    return Expr.joinWithLeftAssociativeOp(
                        .bin_logical_and,
                        ternary.test_,
                        ternary.yes,
                        p.allocator,
                    );
                }
            },
            .e_unary => |un| {
                // These operators must not have any type conversions that can execute code
                // such as "toString" or "valueOf". They must also never throw any exceptions.
                switch (un.op) {
                    .un_void, .un_not => {
                        return simplifyUnusedExpr(p, un.value);
                    },
                    .un_typeof => {
                        // "typeof x" must not be transformed into if "x" since doing so could
                        // cause an exception to be thrown. Instead we can just remove it since
                        // "typeof x" is special-cased in the standard to never throw.
                        if (std.meta.activeTag(un.value.data) == .e_identifier) {
                            return null;
                        }

                        return simplifyUnusedExpr(p, un.value);
                    },

                    else => {},
                }
            },

            inline .e_call, .e_new => |call| {
                // A call that has been marked "__PURE__" can be removed if all arguments
                // can be removed. The annotation causes us to ignore the target.
                if (call.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused) {
                    if (call.args.len > 0) {
                        return Expr.joinAllWithCommaCallback(call.args.slice(), @TypeOf(p), p, comptime simplifyUnusedExpr, p.allocator);
                    } else {
                        return null;
                    }
                }
            },

            .e_binary => |bin| {
                switch (bin.op) {
                    // These operators must not have any type conversions that can execute code
                    // such as "toString" or "valueOf". They must also never throw any exceptions.
                    .bin_strict_eq,
                    .bin_strict_ne,
                    .bin_comma,
                    => return simplifyUnusedBinaryCommaExpr(p, expr),

                    // We can simplify "==" and "!=" even though they can call "toString" and/or
                    // "valueOf" if we can statically determine that the types of both sides are
                    // primitives. In that case there won't be any chance for user-defined
                    // "toString" and/or "valueOf" to be called.
                    .bin_loose_eq,
                    .bin_loose_ne,
                    => {
                        if (isPrimitiveWithSideEffects(bin.left.data) and isPrimitiveWithSideEffects(bin.right.data)) {
                            return Expr.joinWithComma(
                                simplifyUnusedExpr(p, bin.left) orelse bin.left.toEmpty(),
                                simplifyUnusedExpr(p, bin.right) orelse bin.right.toEmpty(),
                                p.allocator,
                            );
                        }
                        // If one side is a number, the number can be printed as
                        // `0` since the result being unused doesnt matter, we
                        // only care to invoke the coercion.
                        if (bin.left.data == .e_number) {
                            bin.left.data = .{ .e_number = .{ .value = 0.0 } };
                        } else if (bin.right.data == .e_number) {
                            bin.right.data = .{ .e_number = .{ .value = 0.0 } };
                        }
                    },

                    .bin_logical_and, .bin_logical_or, .bin_nullish_coalescing => {
                        bin.right = simplifyUnusedExpr(p, bin.right) orelse bin.right.toEmpty();
                        // Preserve short-circuit behavior: the left expression is only unused if
                        // the right expression can be completely removed. Otherwise, the left
                        // expression is important for the branch.

                        if (bin.right.isEmpty())
                            return simplifyUnusedExpr(p, bin.left);
                    },

                    else => {},
                }
            },

            .e_object => {
                // Objects with "..." spread expressions can't be unwrapped because the
                // "..." triggers code evaluation via getters. In that case, just trim
                // the other items instead and leave the object expression there.
                var properties_slice = expr.data.e_object.properties.slice();
                var end: usize = 0;
                for (properties_slice) |spread| {
                    end = 0;
                    if (spread.kind == .spread) {
                        // Spread properties must always be evaluated
                        for (properties_slice) |prop_| {
                            var prop = prop_;
                            if (prop_.kind != .spread) {
                                const value = simplifyUnusedExpr(p, prop.value.?);
                                if (value != null) {
                                    prop.value = value;
                                } else if (!prop.flags.contains(.is_computed)) {
                                    continue;
                                } else {
                                    prop.value = p.newExpr(E.Number{ .value = 0.0 }, prop.value.?.loc);
                                }
                            }

                            properties_slice[end] = prop_;
                            end += 1;
                        }

                        properties_slice = properties_slice[0..end];
                        expr.data.e_object.properties = G.Property.List.init(properties_slice);
                        return expr;
                    }
                }

                var result = Expr.init(E.Missing, E.Missing{}, expr.loc);

                // Otherwise, the object can be completely removed. We only need to keep any
                // object properties with side effects. Apply this simplification recursively.
                for (properties_slice) |prop| {
                    if (prop.flags.contains(.is_computed)) {
                        // Make sure "ToString" is still evaluated on the key
                        result = result.joinWithComma(
                            p.newExpr(
                                E.Binary{
                                    .op = .bin_add,
                                    .left = prop.key.?,
                                    .right = p.newExpr(E.String{}, prop.key.?.loc),
                                },
                                prop.key.?.loc,
                            ),
                            p.allocator,
                        );
                    }
                    result = result.joinWithComma(
                        simplifyUnusedExpr(p, prop.value.?) orelse prop.value.?.toEmpty(),
                        p.allocator,
                    );
                }

                return result;
            },
            .e_array => {
                var items = expr.data.e_array.items.slice();

                for (items) |item| {
                    if (item.data == .e_spread) {
                        var end: usize = 0;
                        for (items) |item__| {
                            const item_ = item__;
                            if (item_.data != .e_missing) {
                                items[end] = item_;
                                end += 1;
                            }

                            expr.data.e_array.items = ExprNodeList.init(items[0..end]);
                            return expr;
                        }
                    }
                }

                // Otherwise, the array can be completely removed. We only need to keep any
                // array items with side effects. Apply this simplification recursively.
                return Expr.joinAllWithCommaCallback(
                    items,
                    @TypeOf(p),
                    p,
                    comptime simplifyUnusedExpr,
                    p.allocator,
                );
            },

            else => {},
        }

        return expr;
    }

    const BinaryExpressionSimplifyVisitor = struct {
        bin: *E.Binary,
    };

    ///
    fn simplifyUnusedBinaryCommaExpr(p: anytype, expr: Expr) ?Expr {
        if (Environment.allow_assert) {
            assert(expr.data == .e_binary);
            assert(switch (expr.data.e_binary.op) {
                .bin_strict_eq,
                .bin_strict_ne,
                .bin_comma,
                => true,
                else => false,
            });
        }
        const stack: *std.ArrayList(BinaryExpressionSimplifyVisitor) = &p.binary_expression_simplify_stack;
        const stack_bottom = stack.items.len;
        defer stack.shrinkRetainingCapacity(stack_bottom);

        stack.append(.{ .bin = expr.data.e_binary }) catch bun.outOfMemory();

        // Build stack up of expressions
        var left: Expr = expr.data.e_binary.left;
        while (left.data.as(.e_binary)) |left_bin| {
            switch (left_bin.op) {
                .bin_strict_eq,
                .bin_strict_ne,
                .bin_comma,
                => {
                    stack.append(.{ .bin = left_bin }) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                    left = left_bin.left;
                },
                else => break,
            }
        }

        // Ride the stack downwards
        var i = stack.items.len;
        var result = simplifyUnusedExpr(p, left) orelse Expr.empty;
        while (i > stack_bottom) {
            i -= 1;
            const top = stack.items[i];
            const visited_right = simplifyUnusedExpr(p, top.bin.right) orelse Expr.empty;
            result = result.joinWithComma(visited_right, p.allocator);
        }

        return if (result.isMissing()) null else result;
    }

    fn findIdentifiers(binding: Binding, decls: *std.ArrayList(G.Decl)) void {
        switch (binding.data) {
            .b_identifier => {
                decls.append(.{ .binding = binding }) catch unreachable;
            },
            .b_array => |array| {
                for (array.items) |item| {
                    findIdentifiers(item.binding, decls);
                }
            },
            .b_object => |obj| {
                for (obj.properties) |item| {
                    findIdentifiers(item.value, decls);
                }
            },
            else => {},
        }
    }

    // If this is in a dead branch, then we want to trim as much dead code as we
    // can. Everything can be trimmed except for hoisted declarations ("var" and
    // "function"), which affect the parent scope. For example:
    //
    //   function foo() {
    //     if (false) { var x; }
    //     x = 1;
    //   }
    //
    // We can't trim the entire branch as dead or calling foo() will incorrectly
    // assign to a global variable instead.
    pub fn shouldKeepStmtInDeadControlFlow(p: anytype, stmt: Stmt, allocator: Allocator) bool {
        if (!p.options.features.dead_code_elimination) return true;
        switch (stmt.data) {
            // Omit these statements entirely
            .s_empty, .s_expr, .s_throw, .s_return, .s_break, .s_continue, .s_class, .s_debugger => return false,

            .s_local => |local| {
                if (local.kind != .k_var) {
                    // Omit these statements entirely
                    return false;
                }

                // Omit everything except the identifiers

                // common case: single var foo = blah, don't need to allocate
                if (local.decls.len == 1 and local.decls.ptr[0].binding.data == .b_identifier) {
                    const prev = local.decls.ptr[0];
                    stmt.data.s_local.decls.ptr[0] = G.Decl{ .binding = prev.binding };
                    return true;
                }

                var decls = std.ArrayList(G.Decl).initCapacity(allocator, local.decls.len) catch unreachable;
                for (local.decls.slice()) |decl| {
                    findIdentifiers(decl.binding, &decls);
                }

                local.decls.update(decls);
                return true;
            },

            .s_block => |block| {
                for (block.stmts) |child| {
                    if (shouldKeepStmtInDeadControlFlow(p, child, allocator)) {
                        return true;
                    }
                }

                return false;
            },

            .s_if => |_if_| {
                if (shouldKeepStmtInDeadControlFlow(p, _if_.yes, allocator)) {
                    return true;
                }

                const no = _if_.no orelse return false;

                return shouldKeepStmtInDeadControlFlow(p, no, allocator);
            },

            .s_while => {
                return shouldKeepStmtInDeadControlFlow(p, stmt.data.s_while.body, allocator);
            },

            .s_do_while => {
                return shouldKeepStmtInDeadControlFlow(p, stmt.data.s_do_while.body, allocator);
            },

            .s_for => |__for__| {
                if (__for__.init) |init_| {
                    if (shouldKeepStmtInDeadControlFlow(p, init_, allocator)) {
                        return true;
                    }
                }

                return shouldKeepStmtInDeadControlFlow(p, __for__.body, allocator);
            },

            .s_for_in => |__for__| {
                return shouldKeepStmtInDeadControlFlow(p, __for__.init, allocator) or shouldKeepStmtInDeadControlFlow(p, __for__.body, allocator);
            },

            .s_for_of => |__for__| {
                return shouldKeepStmtInDeadControlFlow(p, __for__.init, allocator) or shouldKeepStmtInDeadControlFlow(p, __for__.body, allocator);
            },

            .s_label => |label| {
                return shouldKeepStmtInDeadControlFlow(p, label.stmt, allocator);
            },

            else => return true,
        }
    }

    // Returns true if this expression is known to result in a primitive value (i.e.
    // null, undefined, boolean, number, bigint, or string), even if the expression
    // cannot be removed due to side effects.
    pub fn isPrimitiveWithSideEffects(data: Expr.Data) bool {
        switch (data) {
            .e_null,
            .e_undefined,
            .e_boolean,
            .e_number,
            .e_big_int,
            .e_string,
            .e_inlined_enum,
            => {
                return true;
            },
            .e_unary => |e| {
                switch (e.op) {
                    // number or bigint
                    .un_pos,
                    .un_neg,
                    .un_cpl,
                    .un_pre_dec,
                    .un_pre_inc,
                    .un_post_dec,
                    .un_post_inc,
                    // boolean
                    .un_not,
                    .un_delete,
                    // undefined
                    .un_void,
                    // string
                    .un_typeof,
                    => {
                        return true;
                    },
                    else => {},
                }
            },
            .e_binary => |e| {
                switch (e.op) {
                    // boolean
                    .bin_lt,
                    .bin_le,
                    .bin_gt,
                    .bin_ge,
                    .bin_in,
                    .bin_instanceof,
                    .bin_loose_eq,
                    .bin_loose_ne,
                    .bin_strict_eq,
                    .bin_strict_ne,
                    // string, number, or bigint
                    .bin_add,
                    .bin_add_assign,
                    // number or bigint
                    .bin_sub,
                    .bin_mul,
                    .bin_div,
                    .bin_rem,
                    .bin_pow,
                    .bin_sub_assign,
                    .bin_mul_assign,
                    .bin_div_assign,
                    .bin_rem_assign,
                    .bin_pow_assign,
                    .bin_shl,
                    .bin_shr,
                    .bin_u_shr,
                    .bin_shl_assign,
                    .bin_shr_assign,
                    .bin_u_shr_assign,
                    .bin_bitwise_or,
                    .bin_bitwise_and,
                    .bin_bitwise_xor,
                    .bin_bitwise_or_assign,
                    .bin_bitwise_and_assign,
                    .bin_bitwise_xor_assign,
                    => {
                        return true;
                    },

                    // These always return one of the arguments unmodified
                    .bin_logical_and,
                    .bin_logical_or,
                    .bin_nullish_coalescing,
                    .bin_logical_and_assign,
                    .bin_logical_or_assign,
                    .bin_nullish_coalescing_assign,
                    => {
                        return isPrimitiveWithSideEffects(e.left.data) and isPrimitiveWithSideEffects(e.right.data);
                    },
                    .bin_comma => {
                        return isPrimitiveWithSideEffects(e.right.data);
                    },
                    else => {},
                }
            },
            .e_if => |e| {
                return isPrimitiveWithSideEffects(e.yes.data) and isPrimitiveWithSideEffects(e.no.data);
            },
            else => {},
        }
        return false;
    }

    pub const toTypeOf = Expr.Data.typeof;

    pub fn toNullOrUndefined(p: anytype, exp: Expr.Data) Result {
        if (!p.options.features.dead_code_elimination) {
            // value should not be read if ok is false, all existing calls to this function already adhere to this
            return Result{ .ok = false, .value = undefined, .side_effects = .could_have_side_effects };
        }
        switch (exp) {
            // Never null or undefined
            .e_boolean, .e_number, .e_string, .e_reg_exp, .e_function, .e_arrow, .e_big_int => {
                return Result{ .value = false, .side_effects = .no_side_effects, .ok = true };
            },

            .e_object, .e_array, .e_class => {
                return Result{ .value = false, .side_effects = .could_have_side_effects, .ok = true };
            },

            // always a null or undefined
            .e_null, .e_undefined => {
                return Result{ .value = true, .side_effects = .no_side_effects, .ok = true };
            },

            .e_unary => |e| {
                switch (e.op) {
                    // Always number or bigint
                    .un_pos,
                    .un_neg,
                    .un_cpl,
                    .un_pre_dec,
                    .un_pre_inc,
                    .un_post_dec,
                    .un_post_inc,

                    // Always boolean
                    .un_not,
                    .un_typeof,
                    .un_delete,
                    => {
                        return Result{ .ok = true, .value = false, .side_effects = SideEffects.could_have_side_effects };
                    },

                    // Always undefined
                    .un_void => {
                        return Result{ .value = true, .side_effects = .could_have_side_effects, .ok = true };
                    },

                    else => {},
                }
            },

            .e_binary => |e| {
                switch (e.op) {
                    // always string or number or bigint
                    .bin_add,
                    .bin_add_assign,
                    // always number or bigint
                    .bin_sub,
                    .bin_mul,
                    .bin_div,
                    .bin_rem,
                    .bin_pow,
                    .bin_sub_assign,
                    .bin_mul_assign,
                    .bin_div_assign,
                    .bin_rem_assign,
                    .bin_pow_assign,
                    .bin_shl,
                    .bin_shr,
                    .bin_u_shr,
                    .bin_shl_assign,
                    .bin_shr_assign,
                    .bin_u_shr_assign,
                    .bin_bitwise_or,
                    .bin_bitwise_and,
                    .bin_bitwise_xor,
                    .bin_bitwise_or_assign,
                    .bin_bitwise_and_assign,
                    .bin_bitwise_xor_assign,
                    // always boolean
                    .bin_lt,
                    .bin_le,
                    .bin_gt,
                    .bin_ge,
                    .bin_in,
                    .bin_instanceof,
                    .bin_loose_eq,
                    .bin_loose_ne,
                    .bin_strict_eq,
                    .bin_strict_ne,
                    => {
                        return Result{ .ok = true, .value = false, .side_effects = SideEffects.could_have_side_effects };
                    },

                    .bin_comma => {
                        const res = toNullOrUndefined(p, e.right.data);
                        if (res.ok) {
                            return Result{ .ok = true, .value = res.value, .side_effects = SideEffects.could_have_side_effects };
                        }
                    },
                    else => {},
                }
            },
            .e_inlined_enum => |inlined| {
                return toNullOrUndefined(p, inlined.value.data);
            },
            else => {},
        }

        return Result{ .ok = false, .value = false, .side_effects = SideEffects.could_have_side_effects };
    }

    pub fn toBoolean(p: anytype, exp: Expr.Data) Result {
        // Only do this check once.
        if (!p.options.features.dead_code_elimination) {
            // value should not be read if ok is false, all existing calls to this function already adhere to this
            return Result{ .ok = false, .value = undefined, .side_effects = .could_have_side_effects };
        }

        return toBooleanWithoutDCECheck(exp);
    }

    // Avoid passing through *P
    // This is a very recursive function.
    fn toBooleanWithoutDCECheck(exp: Expr.Data) Result {
        switch (exp) {
            .e_null, .e_undefined => {
                return Result{ .ok = true, .value = false, .side_effects = .no_side_effects };
            },
            .e_boolean => |e| {
                return Result{ .ok = true, .value = e.value, .side_effects = .no_side_effects };
            },
            .e_number => |e| {
                return Result{ .ok = true, .value = e.value != 0.0 and !std.math.isNan(e.value), .side_effects = .no_side_effects };
            },
            .e_big_int => |e| {
                return Result{ .ok = true, .value = !strings.eqlComptime(e.value, "0"), .side_effects = .no_side_effects };
            },
            .e_string => |e| {
                return Result{ .ok = true, .value = e.isPresent(), .side_effects = .no_side_effects };
            },
            .e_function, .e_arrow, .e_reg_exp => {
                return Result{ .ok = true, .value = true, .side_effects = .no_side_effects };
            },
            .e_object, .e_array, .e_class => {
                return Result{ .ok = true, .value = true, .side_effects = .could_have_side_effects };
            },
            .e_unary => |e_| {
                switch (e_.op) {
                    .un_void => {
                        return Result{ .ok = true, .value = false, .side_effects = .could_have_side_effects };
                    },
                    .un_typeof => {
                        // Never an empty string

                        return Result{ .ok = true, .value = true, .side_effects = .could_have_side_effects };
                    },
                    .un_not => {
                        const result = toBooleanWithoutDCECheck(e_.value.data);
                        if (result.ok) {
                            return .{ .ok = true, .value = !result.value, .side_effects = result.side_effects };
                        }
                    },
                    else => {},
                }
            },
            .e_binary => |e_| {
                switch (e_.op) {
                    .bin_logical_or => {
                        // "anything || truthy" is truthy
                        const result = toBooleanWithoutDCECheck(e_.right.data);
                        if (result.value and result.ok) {
                            return Result{ .ok = true, .value = true, .side_effects = .could_have_side_effects };
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_logical_and => {
                        // "anything && falsy" is falsy
                        const result = toBooleanWithoutDCECheck(e_.right.data);
                        if (!result.value and result.ok) {
                            return Result{ .ok = true, .value = false, .side_effects = .could_have_side_effects };
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_comma => {
                        // "anything, truthy/falsy" is truthy/falsy
                        var result = toBooleanWithoutDCECheck(e_.right.data);
                        if (result.ok) {
                            result.side_effects = .could_have_side_effects;
                            return result;
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_gt => {
                        if (e_.left.data.toFiniteNumber()) |left_num| {
                            if (e_.right.data.toFiniteNumber()) |right_num| {
                                return Result{ .ok = true, .value = left_num > right_num, .side_effects = .no_side_effects };
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_lt => {
                        if (e_.left.data.toFiniteNumber()) |left_num| {
                            if (e_.right.data.toFiniteNumber()) |right_num| {
                                return Result{ .ok = true, .value = left_num < right_num, .side_effects = .no_side_effects };
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_le => {
                        if (e_.left.data.toFiniteNumber()) |left_num| {
                            if (e_.right.data.toFiniteNumber()) |right_num| {
                                return Result{ .ok = true, .value = left_num <= right_num, .side_effects = .no_side_effects };
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_ge => {
                        if (e_.left.data.toFiniteNumber()) |left_num| {
                            if (e_.right.data.toFiniteNumber()) |right_num| {
                                return Result{ .ok = true, .value = left_num >= right_num, .side_effects = .no_side_effects };
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    else => {},
                }
            },
            .e_inlined_enum => |inlined| {
                return toBooleanWithoutDCECheck(inlined.value.data);
            },
            .e_special => |special| switch (special) {
                .module_exports,
                .resolved_specifier_string,
                .hot_data,
                => {},
                .hot_accept,
                .hot_accept_visited,
                .hot_enabled,
                => return .{ .ok = true, .value = true, .side_effects = .no_side_effects },
                .hot_disabled,
                => return .{ .ok = true, .value = false, .side_effects = .no_side_effects },
            },
            else => {},
        }

        return Result{ .ok = false, .value = false, .side_effects = SideEffects.could_have_side_effects };
    }
};

const ExprOrLetStmt = struct {
    stmt_or_expr: js_ast.StmtOrExpr,
    decls: []G.Decl = &([_]G.Decl{}),
};

const FunctionKind = enum { stmt, expr };

const AsyncPrefixExpression = enum(u2) {
    none,
    is_yield,
    is_async,
    is_await,

    const map = bun.ComptimeStringMap(AsyncPrefixExpression, .{
        .{ "yield", .is_yield },
        .{ "await", .is_await },
        .{ "async", .is_async },
    });

    pub fn find(ident: string) AsyncPrefixExpression {
        return map.get(ident) orelse .none;
    }
};

const IdentifierOpts = packed struct(u8) {
    assign_target: js_ast.AssignTarget = js_ast.AssignTarget.none,
    is_delete_target: bool = false,
    was_originally_identifier: bool = false,
    is_call_target: bool = false,
    _padding: u3 = 0,
};

fn statementCaresAboutScope(stmt: Stmt) bool {
    return switch (stmt.data) {
        .s_block,
        .s_empty,
        .s_debugger,
        .s_expr,
        .s_if,
        .s_for,
        .s_for_in,
        .s_for_of,
        .s_do_while,
        .s_while,
        .s_with,
        .s_try,
        .s_switch,
        .s_return,
        .s_throw,
        .s_break,
        .s_continue,
        .s_directive,
        .s_label,
        => false,

        .s_local => |local| local.kind != .k_var,
        else => true,
    };
}

const ExprIn = struct {
    // This tells us if there are optional chain expressions (EDot, EIndex, or
    // ECall) that are chained on to this expression. Because of the way the AST
    // works, chaining expressions on to this expression means they are our
    // parent expressions.
    //
    // Some examples:
    //
    //   a?.b.c  // EDot
    //   a?.b[c] // EIndex
    //   a?.b()  // ECall
    //
    // Note that this is false if our parent is a node with a OptionalChain
    // value of OptionalChainStart. That means it's the start of a new chain, so
    // it's not considered part of this one.
    //
    // Some examples:
    //
    //   a?.b?.c   // EDot
    //   a?.b?.[c] // EIndex
    //   a?.b?.()  // ECall
    //
    // Also note that this is false if our parent is a node with a OptionalChain
    // value of OptionalChainNone. That means it's outside parentheses, which
    // means it's no longer part of the chain.
    //
    // Some examples:
    //
    //   (a?.b).c  // EDot
    //   (a?.b)[c] // EIndex
    //   (a?.b)()  // ECall
    //
    has_chain_parent: bool = false,

    // If our parent is an ECall node with an OptionalChain value of
    // OptionalChainStart, then we will need to store the value for the "this" of
    // that call somewhere if the current expression is an optional chain that
    // ends in a property access. That's because the value for "this" will be
    // used twice: once for the inner optional chain and once for the outer
    // optional chain.
    //
    // Example:
    //
    //   // Original
    //   a?.b?.();
    //
    //   // Lowered
    //   var _a;
    //   (_a = a == null ? void 0 : a.b) == null ? void 0 : _a.call(a);
    //
    // In the example above we need to store "a" as the value for "this" so we
    // can substitute it back in when we call "_a" if "_a" is indeed present.
    // See also "thisArgFunc" and "thisArgWrapFunc" in "exprOut".
    store_this_arg_for_parent_optional_chain: bool = false,

    // Certain substitutions of identifiers are disallowed for assignment targets.
    // For example, we shouldn't transform "undefined = 1" into "void 0 = 1". This
    // isn't something real-world code would do but it matters for conformance
    // tests.
    assign_target: js_ast.AssignTarget = js_ast.AssignTarget.none,

    // Currently this is only used when unwrapping a call to `require()`
    // with `__toESM()`.
    is_immediately_assigned_to_decl: bool = false,

    property_access_for_method_call_maybe_should_replace_with_undefined: bool = false,
};

// This function exists to tie all of these checks together in one place
// This can sometimes show up on benchmarks as a small thing.
fn isEvalOrArguments(name: string) bool {
    return strings.eqlComptime(name, "eval") or strings.eqlComptime(name, "arguments");
}

const PrependTempRefsOpts = struct {
    fn_body_loc: ?logger.Loc = null,
    kind: StmtsKind = StmtsKind.none,
};

pub const StmtsKind = enum {
    none,
    loop_body,
    switch_stmt,
    fn_body,
};

fn notimpl() noreturn {
    Output.panic("Not implemented yet!!", .{});
}

const ExprBindingTuple = struct {
    expr: ?ExprNodeIndex = null,
    binding: ?Binding = null,
};

const TempRef = struct {
    ref: Ref,
    value: ?Expr = null,
};

const ImportNamespaceCallOrConstruct = struct {
    ref: Ref,
    is_construct: bool = false,
};

const ThenCatchChain = struct {
    next_target: js_ast.Expr.Data,
    has_multiple_args: bool = false,
    has_catch: bool = false,
};

const ParsedPath = struct {
    loc: logger.Loc,
    text: string,
    is_macro: bool,
    import_tag: ImportRecord.Tag = .none,
    loader: ?bun.options.Loader = null,
};

const StrictModeFeature = enum {
    with_statement,
    delete_bare_name,
    for_in_var_init,
    eval_or_arguments,
    reserved_word,
    legacy_octal_literal,
    legacy_octal_escape,
    if_else_function_stmt,
};

const Map = std.AutoHashMapUnmanaged;

const List = std.ArrayListUnmanaged;
const ListManaged = std.ArrayList;
const InvalidLoc = struct {
    loc: logger.Loc,
    kind: Tag = Tag.unknown,

    pub const Tag = enum {
        spread,
        parentheses,
        getter,
        setter,
        method,
        unknown,
    };

    pub fn addError(loc: InvalidLoc, log: *logger.Log, source: *const logger.Source) void {
        @branchHint(.cold);
        const text = switch (loc.kind) {
            .spread => "Unexpected trailing comma after rest element",
            .parentheses => "Unexpected parentheses in binding pattern",
            .getter => "Unexpected getter in binding pattern",
            .setter => "Unexpected setter in binding pattern",
            .method => "Unexpected method in binding pattern",
            .unknown => "Invalid binding pattern",
        };
        log.addError(source, loc.loc, text) catch unreachable;
    }
};
const LocList = ListManaged(InvalidLoc);
const StmtList = ListManaged(Stmt);

// This hash table is used every time we parse function args
// Rather than allocating a new hash table each time, we can just reuse the previous allocation

pub const StringVoidMap = struct {
    allocator: Allocator,
    map: bun.StringHashMapUnmanaged(void) = bun.StringHashMapUnmanaged(void){},

    /// Returns true if the map already contained the given key.
    pub fn getOrPutContains(this: *StringVoidMap, key: string) bool {
        const entry = this.map.getOrPut(this.allocator, key) catch unreachable;
        return entry.found_existing;
    }

    pub fn contains(this: *StringVoidMap, key: string) bool {
        return this.map.contains(key);
    }

    fn init(allocator: Allocator) anyerror!StringVoidMap {
        return StringVoidMap{ .allocator = allocator };
    }

    pub fn reset(noalias this: *StringVoidMap) void {
        // We must reset or the hash table will contain invalid pointers
        this.map.clearRetainingCapacity();
    }

    pub inline fn get(allocator: Allocator) *Node {
        return Pool.get(allocator);
    }

    pub inline fn release(node: *Node) void {
        Pool.release(node);
    }

    pub const Pool = ObjectPool(StringVoidMap, init, true, 32);
    pub const Node = Pool.Node;
};
const RefCtx = @import("./ast/base.zig").RefCtx;
const SymbolUseMap = js_ast.Part.SymbolUseMap;
const SymbolPropertyUseMap = js_ast.Part.SymbolPropertyUseMap;
const StringBoolMap = bun.StringHashMapUnmanaged(bool);
const RefMap = std.HashMapUnmanaged(Ref, void, RefCtx, 80);

const RefRefMap = std.HashMapUnmanaged(Ref, Ref, RefCtx, 80);
const ImportRecord = importRecord.ImportRecord;
const Flags = js_ast.Flags;
const ScopeOrder = struct {
    loc: logger.Loc,
    scope: *js_ast.Scope,
};

const ParenExprOpts = struct {
    async_range: logger.Range = logger.Range.None,
    is_async: bool = false,
    force_arrow_fn: bool = false,
};

const AwaitOrYield = enum(u3) {
    allow_ident,
    allow_expr,
    forbid_all,
};

// This is function-specific information used during parsing. It is saved and
// restored on the call stack around code that parses nested functions and
// arrow expressions.
const FnOrArrowDataParse = struct {
    async_range: logger.Range = logger.Range.None,
    needs_async_loc: logger.Loc = logger.Loc.Empty,
    allow_await: AwaitOrYield = AwaitOrYield.allow_ident,
    allow_yield: AwaitOrYield = AwaitOrYield.allow_ident,
    allow_super_call: bool = false,
    allow_super_property: bool = false,
    is_top_level: bool = false,
    is_constructor: bool = false,
    is_typescript_declare: bool = false,

    has_argument_decorators: bool = false,
    has_decorators: bool = false,

    is_return_disallowed: bool = false,
    is_this_disallowed: bool = false,

    has_async_range: bool = false,
    arrow_arg_errors: DeferredArrowArgErrors = DeferredArrowArgErrors{},
    track_arrow_arg_errors: bool = false,

    // In TypeScript, forward declarations of functions have no bodies
    allow_missing_body_for_type_script: bool = false,

    // Allow TypeScript decorators in function arguments
    allow_ts_decorators: bool = false,

    pub fn i() FnOrArrowDataParse {
        return FnOrArrowDataParse{ .allow_await = AwaitOrYield.forbid_all };
    }
};

// This is function-specific information used during visiting. It is saved and
// restored on the call stack around code that parses nested functions and
// arrow expressions.
const FnOrArrowDataVisit = struct {
    // super_index_ref: ?*Ref = null,

    is_arrow: bool = false,
    is_async: bool = false,
    is_inside_loop: bool = false,
    is_inside_switch: bool = false,
    is_outside_fn_or_arrow: bool = false,

    // This is used to silence unresolvable imports due to "require" calls inside
    // a try/catch statement. The assumption is that the try/catch statement is
    // there to handle the case where the reference to "require" crashes.
    try_body_count: i32 = 0,
};

// This is function-specific information used during visiting. It is saved and
// restored on the call stack around code that parses nested functions (but not
// nested arrow functions).
const FnOnlyDataVisit = struct {
    // This is a reference to the magic "arguments" variable that exists inside
    // functions in JavaScript. It will be non-nil inside functions and nil
    // otherwise.
    arguments_ref: ?Ref = null,

    // Arrow functions don't capture the value of "this" and "arguments". Instead,
    // the values are inherited from the surrounding context. If arrow functions
    // are turned into regular functions due to lowering, we will need to generate
    // local variables to capture these values so they are preserved correctly.
    this_capture_ref: ?Ref = null,
    arguments_capture_ref: ?Ref = null,

    /// This is a reference to the enclosing class name if there is one. It's used
    /// to implement "this" and "super" references. A name is automatically generated
    /// if one is missing so this will always be present inside a class body.
    class_name_ref: ?*Ref = null,

    /// If true, we're inside a static class context where "this" expressions
    /// should be replaced with the class name.
    should_replace_this_with_class_name_ref: bool = false,

    // If we're inside an async arrow function and async functions are not
    // supported, then we will have to convert that arrow function to a generator
    // function. That means references to "arguments" inside the arrow function
    // will have to reference a captured variable instead of the real variable.
    is_inside_async_arrow_fn: bool = false,

    // If false, disallow "new.target" expressions. We disallow all "new.target"
    // expressions at the top-level of the file (i.e. not inside a function or
    // a class field). Technically since CommonJS files are wrapped in a function
    // you can use "new.target" in node as an alias for "undefined" but we don't
    // support that.
    is_new_target_allowed: bool = false,

    // If false, the value for "this" is the top-level module scope "this" value.
    // That means it's "undefined" for ECMAScript modules and "exports" for
    // CommonJS modules. We track this information so that we can substitute the
    // correct value for these top-level "this" references at compile time instead
    // of passing the "this" expression through to the output and leaving the
    // interpretation up to the run-time behavior of the generated code.
    //
    // If true, the value for "this" is nested inside something (either a function
    // or a class declaration). That means the top-level module scope "this" value
    // has been shadowed and is now inaccessible.
    is_this_nested: bool = false,
};

// Due to ES6 destructuring patterns, there are many cases where it's
// impossible to distinguish between an array or object literal and a
// destructuring assignment until we hit the "=" operator later on.
// This object defers errors about being in one state or the other
// until we discover which state we're in.
const DeferredErrors = struct {
    // These are errors for expressions
    invalid_expr_default_value: ?logger.Range = null,
    invalid_expr_after_question: ?logger.Range = null,
    array_spread_feature: ?logger.Range = null,

    pub fn isEmpty(self: *DeferredErrors) bool {
        return self.invalid_expr_default_value == null and self.invalid_expr_after_question == null and self.array_spread_feature == null;
    }

    pub fn mergeInto(self: *DeferredErrors, to: *DeferredErrors) void {
        to.invalid_expr_default_value = self.invalid_expr_default_value orelse to.invalid_expr_default_value;
        to.invalid_expr_after_question = self.invalid_expr_after_question orelse to.invalid_expr_after_question;
        to.array_spread_feature = self.array_spread_feature orelse to.array_spread_feature;
    }

    const None = DeferredErrors{
        .invalid_expr_default_value = null,
        .invalid_expr_after_question = null,
        .array_spread_feature = null,
    };
};

const ImportClause = struct {
    items: []js_ast.ClauseItem = &([_]js_ast.ClauseItem{}),
    is_single_line: bool = false,
    had_type_only_imports: bool = false,
};

const PropertyOpts = struct {
    async_range: logger.Range = logger.Range.None,
    declare_range: logger.Range = logger.Range.None,
    is_async: bool = false,
    is_generator: bool = false,

    // Class-related options
    is_static: bool = false,
    is_class: bool = false,
    class_has_extends: bool = false,
    allow_ts_decorators: bool = false,
    is_ts_abstract: bool = false,
    ts_decorators: []Expr = &[_]Expr{},
    has_argument_decorators: bool = false,
    has_class_decorators: bool = false,
};

pub const ScanPassResult = struct {
    pub const ParsePassSymbolUse = struct { ref: Ref, used: bool = false, import_record_index: u32 };
    pub const NamespaceCounter = struct { count: u16, import_record_index: u32 };
    pub const ParsePassSymbolUsageMap = bun.StringArrayHashMap(ParsePassSymbolUse);
    import_records: ListManaged(ImportRecord),
    named_imports: js_ast.Ast.NamedImports,
    used_symbols: ParsePassSymbolUsageMap,
    import_records_to_keep: ListManaged(u32),
    approximate_newline_count: usize = 0,

    pub fn init(allocator: Allocator) ScanPassResult {
        return .{
            .import_records = ListManaged(ImportRecord).init(allocator),
            .named_imports = .{},
            .used_symbols = ParsePassSymbolUsageMap.init(allocator),
            .import_records_to_keep = ListManaged(u32).init(allocator),
            .approximate_newline_count = 0,
        };
    }

    pub fn reset(scan_pass: *ScanPassResult) void {
        scan_pass.named_imports.clearRetainingCapacity();
        scan_pass.import_records.clearRetainingCapacity();
        scan_pass.used_symbols.clearRetainingCapacity();
        scan_pass.approximate_newline_count = 0;
    }
};

fn MacroContextType() type {
    if (comptime Environment.isWasm) {
        return ?*anyopaque;
    }

    return js_ast.Macro.MacroContext;
}

pub const Parser = struct {
    options: Options,
    lexer: js_lexer.Lexer,
    log: *logger.Log,
    source: *const logger.Source,
    define: *Define,
    allocator: Allocator,

    pub const Options = struct {
        jsx: options.JSX.Pragma,
        ts: bool = false,
        keep_names: bool = true,
        ignore_dce_annotations: bool = false,
        preserve_unused_imports_ts: bool = false,
        use_define_for_class_fields: bool = false,
        suppress_warnings_about_weird_code: bool = true,
        filepath_hash_for_hmr: u32 = 0,
        features: RuntimeFeatures = .{},

        tree_shaking: bool = false,
        bundle: bool = false,
        package_version: string = "",

        macro_context: *MacroContextType() = undefined,

        warn_about_unbundled_modules: bool = true,

        module_type: options.ModuleType = .unknown,
        output_format: options.Format = .esm,

        transform_only: bool = false,

        /// Used for inlining the state of import.meta.main during visiting
        import_meta_main_value: ?bool = null,
        lower_import_meta_main_for_node_js: bool = false,

        /// When using react fast refresh or server components, the framework is
        /// able to customize what import sources are used.
        framework: ?*bun.bake.Framework = null,

        pub fn hashForRuntimeTranspiler(this: *const Options, hasher: *std.hash.Wyhash, did_use_jsx: bool) void {
            bun.assert(!this.bundle);

            if (did_use_jsx) {
                if (this.jsx.parse) {
                    this.jsx.hashForRuntimeTranspiler(hasher);
                    // this holds the values for the jsx optimizaiton flags, which have both been removed
                    // as the optimizations break newer versions of react, see https://github.com/oven-sh/bun/issues/11025
                    const jsx_optimizations = [_]bool{ false, false };
                    hasher.update(std.mem.asBytes(&jsx_optimizations));
                } else {
                    hasher.update("NO_JSX");
                }
            }

            if (this.ts) {
                hasher.update("TS");
            } else {
                hasher.update("NO_TS");
            }

            if (this.ignore_dce_annotations) {
                hasher.update("no_dce");
            }

            this.features.hashForRuntimeTranspiler(hasher);
        }

        // Used to determine if `joinWithComma` should be called in `visitStmts`. We do this
        // to avoid changing line numbers too much to make source mapping more readable
        pub fn runtimeMergeAdjacentExpressionStatements(this: Options) bool {
            return this.bundle;
        }

        pub fn init(jsx: options.JSX.Pragma, loader: options.Loader) Options {
            var opts = Options{
                .ts = loader.isTypeScript(),
                .jsx = jsx,
            };
            opts.jsx.parse = loader.isJSX();
            return opts;
        }
    };

    pub fn scanImports(self: *Parser, scan_pass: *ScanPassResult) anyerror!void {
        if (self.options.ts and self.options.jsx.parse) {
            return try self._scanImports(TSXImportScanner, scan_pass);
        } else if (self.options.ts) {
            return try self._scanImports(TypeScriptImportScanner, scan_pass);
        } else if (self.options.jsx.parse) {
            return try self._scanImports(JSXImportScanner, scan_pass);
        } else {
            return try self._scanImports(JavaScriptImportScanner, scan_pass);
        }
    }

    fn _scanImports(self: *Parser, comptime ParserType: type, scan_pass: *ScanPassResult) anyerror!void {
        var p: ParserType = undefined;

        try ParserType.init(self.allocator, self.log, self.source, self.define, self.lexer, self.options, &p);
        p.import_records = &scan_pass.import_records;
        p.named_imports = &scan_pass.named_imports;

        // The problem with our scan pass approach is type-only imports.
        // We don't have accurate symbol counts.
        // So we don't have a good way to distinguish between a type-only import and not.
        if (comptime ParserType.parser_features.typescript) {
            p.parse_pass_symbol_uses = &scan_pass.used_symbols;
        }

        // Parse the file in the first pass, but do not bind symbols
        var opts = ParseStatementOptions{ .is_module_scope = true };

        // Parsing seems to take around 2x as much time as visiting.
        // Which makes sense.
        // June 4: "Parsing took: 18028000"
        // June 4: "Rest of this took: 8003000"
        _ = p.parseStmtsUpTo(js_lexer.T.t_end_of_file, &opts) catch |err| {
            if (err == error.StackOverflow) {
                // The lexer location won't be totally accurate, but it's kind of helpful.
                try p.log.addError(p.source, p.lexer.loc(), "Maximum call stack size exceeded");
                return;
            }
            return err;
        };

        //
        if (comptime ParserType.parser_features.typescript) {
            for (scan_pass.import_records.items) |*import_record| {
                // Mark everything as unused
                // Except:
                // - export * as ns from 'foo';
                // - export * from 'foo';
                // - import 'foo';
                // - import("foo")
                // - require("foo")
                import_record.is_unused = import_record.is_unused or
                    (import_record.kind == .stmt and
                        !import_record.was_originally_bare_import and
                        !import_record.calls_runtime_re_export_fn);
            }

            var iter = scan_pass.used_symbols.iterator();
            while (iter.next()) |entry| {
                const val = entry.value_ptr;
                if (val.used) {
                    scan_pass.import_records.items[val.import_record_index].is_unused = false;
                }
            }
        }

        // Symbol use counts are unavailable
        // So we say "did we parse any JSX?"
        // if yes, just automatically add the import so that .bun knows to include the file.
        if (self.options.jsx.parse and p.needs_jsx_import) {
            _ = p.addImportRecord(
                .require,
                logger.Loc{ .start = 0 },
                p.options.jsx.importSource(),
            );
            // Ensure we have both classic and automatic
            // This is to handle cases where they use fragments in the automatic runtime
            _ = p.addImportRecord(
                .require,
                logger.Loc{ .start = 0 },
                p.options.jsx.classic_import_source,
            );
        }

        scan_pass.approximate_newline_count = p.lexer.approximate_newline_count;
    }

    pub fn toLazyExportAST(this: *Parser, expr: Expr, comptime runtime_api_call: []const u8, symbols: Symbol.List) !js_ast.Result {
        var p: JavaScriptParser = undefined;
        try JavaScriptParser.init(this.allocator, this.log, this.source, this.define, this.lexer, this.options, &p);
        defer p.lexer.deinit();

        p.lexer.track_comments = this.options.features.minify_identifiers;
        // Instead of doing "should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions or features.minify_syntax"
        // Let's enable this flag file-wide
        if (p.options.features.minify_syntax or
            p.options.features.inlining)
        {
            p.should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions = true;
        }

        // If we added to `p.symbols` it's going to fuck up all the indices
        // in the `symbols` array.
        bun.assert(p.symbols.items.len == 0);
        p.symbols = symbols.listManaged(p.allocator);

        try p.prepareForVisitPass();

        var final_expr = expr;

        // Optionally call a runtime API function to transform the expression
        if (runtime_api_call.len > 0) {
            var args = try p.allocator.alloc(Expr, 1);
            args[0] = expr;
            final_expr = p.callRuntime(expr.loc, runtime_api_call, args);
        }

        const ns_export_part = js_ast.Part{
            .can_be_removed_if_unused = true,
        };

        var stmts = try p.allocator.alloc(js_ast.Stmt, 1);
        stmts[0] = Stmt{
            .data = .{
                .s_lazy_export = brk: {
                    const data = try p.allocator.create(Expr.Data);
                    data.* = final_expr.data;
                    break :brk data;
                },
            },
            .loc = expr.loc,
        };
        const part = js_ast.Part{
            .stmts = stmts,
            .symbol_uses = p.symbol_uses,
        };
        p.symbol_uses = .{};
        var parts = try ListManaged(js_ast.Part).initCapacity(p.allocator, 2);
        parts.appendSliceAssumeCapacity(&.{ ns_export_part, part });

        const exports_kind: js_ast.ExportsKind = brk: {
            if (expr.data == .e_undefined) {
                if (strings.eqlComptime(this.source.path.name.ext, ".cjs")) break :brk .cjs;
                if (strings.eqlComptime(this.source.path.name.ext, ".mjs")) break :brk .esm;
            }
            break :brk .none;
        };
        return .{ .ast = try p.toAST(&parts, exports_kind, .none, "") };
    }

    pub fn parse(self: *Parser) !js_ast.Result {
        if (comptime Environment.isWasm) {
            self.options.ts = true;
            self.options.jsx.parse = true;
            return try self._parse(TSXParser);
        }

        if (self.options.ts and self.options.jsx.parse) {
            return try self._parse(TSXParser);
        } else if (self.options.ts) {
            return try self._parse(TypeScriptParser);
        } else if (self.options.jsx.parse) {
            return try self._parse(JSXParser);
        } else {
            return try self._parse(JavaScriptParser);
        }
    }

    pub fn analyze(self: *Parser, context: *anyopaque, callback: *const fn (*anyopaque, *TSXParser, []js_ast.Part) anyerror!void) anyerror!void {
        var p: TSXParser = undefined;
        try TSXParser.init(self.allocator, self.log, self.source, self.define, self.lexer, self.options, &p);

        defer p.lexer.deinit();

        // Consume a leading hashbang comment
        var hashbang: string = "";
        if (p.lexer.token == .t_hashbang) {
            hashbang = p.lexer.identifier;
            try p.lexer.next();
        }

        // Parse the file in the first pass, but do not bind symbols
        var opts = ParseStatementOptions{ .is_module_scope = true };
        const parse_tracer = bun.perf.trace("JSParser.parse");

        const stmts = p.parseStmtsUpTo(js_lexer.T.t_end_of_file, &opts) catch |err| {
            if (comptime Environment.isWasm) {
                Output.print("JSParser.parse: caught error {s} at location: {d}\n", .{ @errorName(err), p.lexer.loc().start });
                p.log.print(Output.writer()) catch {};
            }
            return err;
        };

        parse_tracer.end();

        if (self.log.errors > 0) {
            if (comptime Environment.isWasm) {
                // If the logger is backed by console.log, every print appends a newline.
                // so buffering is kind of mandatory here
                const fakeWriter = struct {
                    fn writeAll(_: @This(), data: []const u8) anyerror!usize {
                        if (data.len == 0) return 0;

                        Output.print("{s}", .{data});
                        return data.len;
                    }
                };
                const writer = std.io.Writer(fakeWriter, anyerror, fakeWriter.writeAll){
                    .context = fakeWriter{},
                };
                var buffered_writer = std.io.bufferedWriter(writer);
                const actual = buffered_writer.writer();
                for (self.log.msgs.items) |msg| {
                    var m: logger.Msg = msg;
                    m.writeFormat(actual, true) catch {};
                }
                buffered_writer.flush() catch {};
            }
            return error.SyntaxError;
        }

        const visit_tracer = bun.perf.trace("JSParser.visit");
        try p.prepareForVisitPass();

        var parts = ListManaged(js_ast.Part).init(p.allocator);
        defer parts.deinit();

        try p.appendPart(&parts, stmts);
        visit_tracer.end();

        const analyze_tracer = bun.perf.trace("JSParser.analyze");
        try callback(context, &p, parts.items);
        analyze_tracer.end();
    }

    fn _parse(noalias self: *Parser, comptime ParserType: type) !js_ast.Result {
        const prev_action = bun.crash_handler.current_action;
        defer bun.crash_handler.current_action = prev_action;
        bun.crash_handler.current_action = .{ .parse = self.source.path.text };

        var p: ParserType = undefined;
        const orig_error_count = self.log.errors;
        try ParserType.init(self.allocator, self.log, self.source, self.define, self.lexer, self.options, &p);

        if (p.options.features.hot_module_reloading) {
            bun.assert(!p.options.tree_shaking);
        }

        // Instead of doing "should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions or features.minify_syntax"
        // Let's enable this flag file-wide
        if (p.options.features.minify_syntax or
            p.options.features.inlining)
        {
            p.should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions = true;
        }

        defer p.lexer.deinit();

        var binary_expression_stack_heap = std.heap.stackFallback(42 * @sizeOf(ParserType.BinaryExpressionVisitor), bun.default_allocator);
        p.binary_expression_stack = std.ArrayList(ParserType.BinaryExpressionVisitor).initCapacity(
            binary_expression_stack_heap.get(),
            41, // one less in case of unlikely alignment between the stack buffer and reality
        ) catch unreachable; // stack allocation cannot fail
        defer p.binary_expression_stack.clearAndFree();

        var binary_expression_simplify_stack_heap = std.heap.stackFallback(48 * @sizeOf(SideEffects.BinaryExpressionSimplifyVisitor), bun.default_allocator);
        p.binary_expression_simplify_stack = std.ArrayList(SideEffects.BinaryExpressionSimplifyVisitor).initCapacity(
            binary_expression_simplify_stack_heap.get(),
            47,
        ) catch unreachable; // stack allocation cannot fail
        defer p.binary_expression_simplify_stack.clearAndFree();

        if (Environment.allow_assert) {
            bun.assert(binary_expression_stack_heap.fixed_buffer_allocator.ownsPtr(@ptrCast(p.binary_expression_stack.items)));
            bun.assert(binary_expression_simplify_stack_heap.fixed_buffer_allocator.ownsPtr(@ptrCast(p.binary_expression_simplify_stack.items)));
        }

        // defer {
        //     if (p.allocated_names_pool) |pool| {
        //         pool.data = p.allocated_names;
        //         pool.release();
        //         p.allocated_names_pool = null;
        //     }
        // }

        // Consume a leading hashbang comment
        var hashbang: string = "";
        if (p.lexer.token == .t_hashbang) {
            hashbang = p.lexer.identifier;
            try p.lexer.next();
        }

        // Detect a leading "// @bun" pragma
        if (self.options.features.dont_bundle_twice) {
            if (self.hasBunPragma(hashbang.len > 0)) |pragma| {
                return js_ast.Result{
                    .already_bundled = pragma,
                };
            }
        }

        // We must check the cache only after we've consumed the hashbang and leading // @bun pragma
        // We don't want to ever put files with `// @bun` into this cache, as that would be wasteful.
        if (comptime Environment.isNative and bun.FeatureFlags.runtime_transpiler_cache) {
            const runtime_transpiler_cache: ?*bun.JSC.RuntimeTranspilerCache = p.options.features.runtime_transpiler_cache;
            if (runtime_transpiler_cache) |cache| {
                if (cache.get(p.source, &p.options, p.options.jsx.parse and (!p.source.path.isNodeModule() or p.source.path.isJSXFile()))) {
                    return js_ast.Result{
                        .cached = {},
                    };
                }
            }
        }

        // Parse the file in the first pass, but do not bind symbols
        var opts = ParseStatementOptions{ .is_module_scope = true };
        const parse_tracer = bun.perf.trace("JSParser.parse");

        // Parsing seems to take around 2x as much time as visiting.
        // Which makes sense.
        // June 4: "Parsing took: 18028000"
        // June 4: "Rest of this took: 8003000"
        const stmts = p.parseStmtsUpTo(js_lexer.T.t_end_of_file, &opts) catch |err| {
            parse_tracer.end();
            if (err == error.StackOverflow) {
                // The lexer location won't be totally accurate, but it's kind of helpful.
                try p.log.addError(p.source, p.lexer.loc(), "Maximum call stack size exceeded");

                // Return a SyntaxError so that we reuse existing code for handling errors.
                return error.SyntaxError;
            }

            return err;
        };

        parse_tracer.end();

        // Halt parsing right here if there were any errors
        // This fixes various conditions that would cause crashes due to the AST being in an invalid state while visiting
        // In a number of situations, we continue to parsing despite errors so that we can report more errors to the user
        //   Example where NOT halting causes a crash: A TS enum with a number literal as a member name
        //     https://discord.com/channels/876711213126520882/876711213126520885/1039325382488371280
        if (self.log.errors > orig_error_count) {
            return error.SyntaxError;
        }

        bun.crash_handler.current_action = .{ .visit = self.source.path.text };

        const visit_tracer = bun.perf.trace("JSParser.visit");
        try p.prepareForVisitPass();

        var before = ListManaged(js_ast.Part).init(p.allocator);
        var after = ListManaged(js_ast.Part).init(p.allocator);
        var parts = ListManaged(js_ast.Part).init(p.allocator);
        defer {
            after.deinit();
            before.deinit();
        }

        if (p.options.bundle) {
            // The bundler requires a part for generated module wrappers. This
            // part must be at the start as it is referred to by index.
            before.append(js_ast.Part{}) catch bun.outOfMemory();
        }

        // --inspect-brk
        if (p.options.features.set_breakpoint_on_first_line) {
            var debugger_stmts = try p.allocator.alloc(Stmt, 1);
            debugger_stmts[0] = Stmt{
                .data = .{ .s_debugger = .{} },
                .loc = logger.Loc.Empty,
            };
            before.append(
                js_ast.Part{
                    .stmts = debugger_stmts,
                },
            ) catch bun.outOfMemory();
        }

        // When "using" declarations appear at the top level, we change all TDZ
        // variables in the top-level scope into "var" so that they aren't harmed
        // when they are moved into the try/catch statement that lowering will
        // generate.
        //
        // This is necessary because exported function declarations must be hoisted
        // outside of the try/catch statement because they can be evaluated before
        // this module is evaluated due to ESM cross-file function hoisting. And
        // these function bodies might reference anything else in this scope, which
        // must still work when those things are moved inside a try/catch statement.
        //
        // Before:
        //
        //   using foo = get()
        //   export function fn() {
        //     return [foo, new Bar]
        //   }
        //   class Bar {}
        //
        // After ("fn" is hoisted, "Bar" is converted to "var"):
        //
        //   export function fn() {
        //     return [foo, new Bar]
        //   }
        //   try {
        //     var foo = get();
        //     var Bar = class {};
        //   } catch (_) {
        //     ...
        //   } finally {
        //     ...
        //   }
        //
        // This is also necessary because other code might be appended to the code
        // that we're processing and expect to be able to access top-level variables.
        p.will_wrap_module_in_try_catch_for_using = p.shouldLowerUsingDeclarations(stmts);

        // Bind symbols in a second pass over the AST. I started off doing this in a
        // single pass, but it turns out it's pretty much impossible to do this
        // correctly while handling arrow functions because of the grammar
        // ambiguities.
        //
        // Note that top-level lowered "using" declarations disable tree-shaking
        // because we only do tree-shaking on top-level statements and lowering
        // a top-level "using" declaration moves all top-level statements into a
        // nested scope.
        if (!p.options.tree_shaking or p.will_wrap_module_in_try_catch_for_using) {
            // When tree shaking is disabled, everything comes in a single part
            try p.appendPart(&parts, stmts);
        } else {
            // Preprocess TypeScript enums to improve code generation. Otherwise
            // uses of an enum before that enum has been declared won't be inlined:
            //
            //   console.log(Foo.FOO) // We want "FOO" to be inlined here
            //   const enum Foo { FOO = 0 }
            //
            // The TypeScript compiler itself contains code with this pattern, so
            // it's important to implement this optimization.

            var preprocessed_enums: std.ArrayListUnmanaged([]js_ast.Part) = .{};
            var preprocessed_enum_i: usize = 0;
            if (p.scopes_in_order_for_enum.count() > 0) {
                for (stmts) |*stmt| {
                    if (stmt.data == .s_enum) {
                        const old_scopes_in_order = p.scope_order_to_visit;
                        defer p.scope_order_to_visit = old_scopes_in_order;

                        p.scope_order_to_visit = p.scopes_in_order_for_enum.get(stmt.loc).?;

                        var enum_parts = ListManaged(js_ast.Part).init(p.allocator);
                        var sliced = try ListManaged(Stmt).initCapacity(p.allocator, 1);
                        sliced.appendAssumeCapacity(stmt.*);
                        try p.appendPart(&enum_parts, sliced.items);
                        try preprocessed_enums.append(p.allocator, enum_parts.items);
                    }
                }
            }

            // When tree shaking is enabled, each top-level statement is potentially a separate part.
            for (stmts) |stmt| {
                switch (stmt.data) {
                    .s_local => |local| {
                        if (local.decls.len > 1) {
                            for (local.decls.slice()) |decl| {
                                var sliced = try ListManaged(Stmt).initCapacity(p.allocator, 1);
                                sliced.items.len = 1;
                                var _local = local.*;
                                var list = try ListManaged(G.Decl).initCapacity(p.allocator, 1);
                                list.items.len = 1;
                                list.items[0] = decl;
                                _local.decls.update(list);
                                sliced.items[0] = p.s(_local, stmt.loc);
                                try p.appendPart(&parts, sliced.items);
                            }
                        } else {
                            var sliced = try ListManaged(Stmt).initCapacity(p.allocator, 1);
                            sliced.items.len = 1;
                            sliced.items[0] = stmt;
                            try p.appendPart(&parts, sliced.items);
                        }
                    },
                    .s_import, .s_export_from, .s_export_star => {
                        const parts_list = if (p.options.bundle)
                            // Move imports (and import-like exports) to the top of the file to
                            // ensure that if they are converted to a require() call, the effects
                            // will take place before any other statements are evaluated.
                            &before
                        else
                            // If we aren't doing any format conversion, just keep these statements
                            // inline where they were. Exports are sorted so order doesn't matter:
                            // https://262.ecma-international.org/6.0/#sec-module-namespace-exotic-objects.
                            // However, this is likely an aesthetic issue that some people will
                            // complain about. In addition, there are code transformation tools
                            // such as TypeScript and Babel with bugs where the order of exports
                            // in the file is incorrectly preserved instead of sorted, so preserving
                            // the order of exports ourselves here may be preferable.
                            &parts;

                        var sliced = try ListManaged(Stmt).initCapacity(p.allocator, 1);
                        sliced.items.len = 1;
                        sliced.items[0] = stmt;
                        try p.appendPart(parts_list, sliced.items);
                    },

                    .s_class => |class| {
                        // Move class export statements to the top of the file if we can
                        // This automatically resolves some cyclical import issues
                        // https://github.com/kysely-org/kysely/issues/412
                        const should_move = !p.options.bundle and class.class.canBeMoved();

                        var sliced = try ListManaged(Stmt).initCapacity(p.allocator, 1);
                        sliced.items.len = 1;
                        sliced.items[0] = stmt;
                        try p.appendPart(&parts, sliced.items);

                        if (should_move) {
                            before.append(parts.getLast()) catch unreachable;
                            parts.items.len -= 1;
                        }
                    },
                    .s_export_default => |value| {
                        // We move export default statements when we can
                        // This automatically resolves some cyclical import issues in packages like luxon
                        // https://github.com/oven-sh/bun/issues/1961
                        const should_move = !p.options.bundle and value.canBeMoved();
                        var sliced = try ListManaged(Stmt).initCapacity(p.allocator, 1);
                        sliced.items.len = 1;
                        sliced.items[0] = stmt;
                        try p.appendPart(&parts, sliced.items);

                        if (should_move) {
                            before.append(parts.getLast()) catch unreachable;
                            parts.items.len -= 1;
                        }
                    },
                    .s_enum => {
                        try parts.appendSlice(preprocessed_enums.items[preprocessed_enum_i]);
                        preprocessed_enum_i += 1;
                        p.scope_order_to_visit = p.scope_order_to_visit[1..];
                    },
                    else => {
                        var sliced = try ListManaged(Stmt).initCapacity(p.allocator, 1);
                        sliced.appendAssumeCapacity(stmt);
                        try p.appendPart(&parts, sliced.items);
                    },
                }
            }
        }

        visit_tracer.end();

        // If there were errors while visiting, also halt here
        if (self.log.errors > orig_error_count) {
            return error.SyntaxError;
        }

        const postvisit_tracer = bun.perf.trace("JSParser.postvisit");
        defer postvisit_tracer.end();

        var uses_dirname = p.symbols.items[p.dirname_ref.innerIndex()].use_count_estimate > 0;
        var uses_filename = p.symbols.items[p.filename_ref.innerIndex()].use_count_estimate > 0;

        // Handle dirname and filename at bundle-time
        // We always inject it at the top of the module
        //
        // This inlines
        //
        //    var __dirname = "foo/bar"
        //    var __filename = "foo/bar/baz.js"
        //
        if (p.options.bundle or !p.options.features.commonjs_at_runtime) {
            if (uses_dirname or uses_filename) {
                const count = @as(usize, @intFromBool(uses_dirname)) + @as(usize, @intFromBool(uses_filename));
                var declared_symbols = DeclaredSymbol.List.initCapacity(p.allocator, count) catch unreachable;
                var decls = p.allocator.alloc(G.Decl, count) catch unreachable;
                if (uses_dirname) {
                    decls[0] = .{
                        .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = p.dirname_ref }, logger.Loc.Empty),
                        .value = p.newExpr(
                            E.String{
                                .data = p.source.path.name.dir,
                            },
                            logger.Loc.Empty,
                        ),
                    };
                    declared_symbols.appendAssumeCapacity(.{ .ref = p.dirname_ref, .is_top_level = true });
                }
                if (uses_filename) {
                    decls[@as(usize, @intFromBool(uses_dirname))] = .{
                        .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = p.filename_ref }, logger.Loc.Empty),
                        .value = p.newExpr(
                            E.String{
                                .data = p.source.path.text,
                            },
                            logger.Loc.Empty,
                        ),
                    };
                    declared_symbols.appendAssumeCapacity(.{ .ref = p.filename_ref, .is_top_level = true });
                }

                var part_stmts = p.allocator.alloc(Stmt, 1) catch unreachable;
                part_stmts[0] = p.s(S.Local{
                    .kind = .k_var,
                    .decls = Decl.List.init(decls),
                }, logger.Loc.Empty);
                before.append(js_ast.Part{
                    .stmts = part_stmts,
                    .declared_symbols = declared_symbols,
                    .tag = .dirname_filename,
                }) catch unreachable;
                uses_dirname = false;
                uses_filename = false;
            }
        }

        // This is a workaround for broken module environment checks in packages like lodash-es
        // https://github.com/lodash/lodash/issues/5660
        var force_esm = false;

        if (p.shouldUnwrapCommonJSToESM()) {
            if (p.imports_to_convert_from_require.items.len > 0) {
                const all_stmts = p.allocator.alloc(Stmt, p.imports_to_convert_from_require.items.len) catch unreachable;
                before.ensureUnusedCapacity(p.imports_to_convert_from_require.items.len) catch unreachable;

                var remaining_stmts = all_stmts;

                for (p.imports_to_convert_from_require.items) |deferred_import| {
                    var import_part_stmts = remaining_stmts[0..1];
                    remaining_stmts = remaining_stmts[1..];

                    p.module_scope.generated.push(p.allocator, deferred_import.namespace.ref.?) catch bun.outOfMemory();

                    import_part_stmts[0] = Stmt.alloc(
                        S.Import,
                        S.Import{
                            .star_name_loc = deferred_import.namespace.loc,
                            .import_record_index = deferred_import.import_record_id,
                            .namespace_ref = deferred_import.namespace.ref.?,
                        },
                        deferred_import.namespace.loc,
                    );
                    var declared_symbols = DeclaredSymbol.List.initCapacity(p.allocator, 1) catch unreachable;
                    declared_symbols.appendAssumeCapacity(.{ .ref = deferred_import.namespace.ref.?, .is_top_level = true });
                    before.appendAssumeCapacity(.{
                        .stmts = import_part_stmts,
                        .declared_symbols = declared_symbols,
                        .tag = .import_to_convert_from_require,
                        // This part has a single symbol, so it may be removed if unused.
                        .can_be_removed_if_unused = true,
                    });
                }
                bun.assert(remaining_stmts.len == 0);
            }

            if (p.commonjs_named_exports.count() > 0) {
                const export_refs = p.commonjs_named_exports.values();
                const export_names = p.commonjs_named_exports.keys();

                break_optimize: {
                    if (!p.commonjs_named_exports_deoptimized) {
                        var needs_decl_count: usize = 0;
                        for (export_refs) |*export_ref| {
                            needs_decl_count += @as(usize, @intFromBool(export_ref.needs_decl));
                        }
                        // This is a workaround for packages which have broken ESM checks
                        // If they never actually assign to exports.foo, only check for it
                        // and the package specifies type "module"
                        // and the package uses ESM syntax
                        // We should just say
                        // You're ESM and lying about it.
                        if (p.options.module_type == .esm or p.has_es_module_syntax) {
                            if (needs_decl_count == export_names.len) {
                                force_esm = true;
                                break :break_optimize;
                            }
                        }

                        if (needs_decl_count > 0) {
                            p.symbols.items[p.exports_ref.innerIndex()].use_count_estimate += @as(u32, @truncate(export_refs.len));
                            p.deoptimizeCommonJSNamedExports();
                        }
                    }
                }

                if (!p.commonjs_named_exports_deoptimized and p.esm_export_keyword.len == 0) {
                    p.esm_export_keyword.loc = export_refs[0].loc_ref.loc;
                    p.esm_export_keyword.len = 5;
                }
            }
        }

        if (parts.items.len < 4 and parts.items.len > 0 and p.options.features.unwrap_commonjs_to_esm) {
            // Specially handle modules shaped like this:
            //
            //   CommonJS:
            //
            //    if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production')
            //         module.exports = require('./foo.prod.js')
            //     else
            //         module.exports = require('./foo.dev.js')
            //
            if (parts.items.len == 1 and parts.items[0].stmts.len == 1) {
                var part = &parts.items[0];
                const stmt: Stmt = part.stmts[0];
                if (p.symbols.items[p.module_ref.innerIndex()].use_count_estimate == 1) {
                    if (stmt.data == .s_expr) {
                        const value: Expr = stmt.data.s_expr.value;

                        if (value.data == .e_binary) {
                            const bin = value.data.e_binary;
                            const left = bin.left;
                            const right = bin.right;
                            if (bin.op == .bin_assign and
                                left.data == .e_dot and
                                strings.eqlComptime(left.data.e_dot.name, "exports") and
                                left.data.e_dot.target.data == .e_identifier and
                                left.data.e_dot.target.data.e_identifier.ref.eql(p.module_ref))
                            {
                                const redirect_import_record_index: ?u32 = brk: {
                                    // general case:
                                    //
                                    //      module.exports = require("foo");
                                    //
                                    if (right.data == .e_require_string) {
                                        break :brk right.data.e_require_string.import_record_index;
                                    }

                                    // special case: a module for us to unwrap
                                    //
                                    //      module.exports = require("react/jsx-runtime")
                                    //                       ^ was converted into:
                                    //
                                    //      import * as Foo from 'bar';
                                    //      module.exports = Foo;
                                    //
                                    // This is what fixes #3537
                                    if (right.data == .e_identifier and
                                        p.import_records.items.len == 1 and
                                        p.imports_to_convert_from_require.items.len == 1 and
                                        p.imports_to_convert_from_require.items[0].namespace.ref.?.eql(right.data.e_identifier.ref))
                                    {
                                        // We know it's 0 because there is only one import in the whole file
                                        // so that one import must be the one we're looking for
                                        break :brk 0;
                                    }

                                    break :brk null;
                                };
                                if (redirect_import_record_index) |id| {
                                    part.symbol_uses = .{};
                                    return js_ast.Result{
                                        .ast = js_ast.Ast{
                                            .import_records = ImportRecord.List.init(p.import_records.items),
                                            .redirect_import_record_index = id,
                                            .named_imports = p.named_imports,
                                            .named_exports = p.named_exports,
                                        },
                                    };
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if (p.commonjs_named_exports_deoptimized and
                p.options.features.unwrap_commonjs_to_esm and
                p.unwrap_all_requires and
                p.imports_to_convert_from_require.items.len == 1 and
                p.import_records.items.len == 1 and
                p.symbols.items[p.module_ref.innerIndex()].use_count_estimate == 1)
            {
                for (parts.items) |*part| {
                    // Specially handle modules shaped like this:
                    //
                    //    doSomeStuff();
                    //    module.exports = require('./foo.js');
                    //
                    // An example is react-dom/index.js, which does a DCE check.
                    if (part.stmts.len > 1) break;

                    for (part.stmts, 0..) |*stmt, j| {
                        if (stmt.data == .s_expr) {
                            const value: Expr = stmt.data.s_expr.value;

                            if (value.data == .e_binary) {
                                var bin = value.data.e_binary;
                                while (true) {
                                    const left = bin.left;
                                    const right = bin.right;

                                    if (bin.op == .bin_assign and
                                        right.data == .e_require_string and
                                        left.data == .e_dot and
                                        strings.eqlComptime(left.data.e_dot.name, "exports") and
                                        left.data.e_dot.target.data == .e_identifier and
                                        left.data.e_dot.target.data.e_identifier.ref.eql(p.module_ref))
                                    {
                                        p.export_star_import_records.append(
                                            p.allocator,
                                            right.data.e_require_string.import_record_index,
                                        ) catch unreachable;
                                        const namespace_ref = p.imports_to_convert_from_require.items[
                                            right.data.e_require_string.unwrapped_id
                                        ].namespace.ref.?;

                                        part.stmts = brk: {
                                            var new_stmts = try StmtList.initCapacity(p.allocator, part.stmts.len + 1);
                                            new_stmts.appendSliceAssumeCapacity(part.stmts[0..j]);

                                            new_stmts.appendAssumeCapacity(Stmt.alloc(
                                                S.ExportStar,
                                                S.ExportStar{
                                                    .import_record_index = right.data.e_require_string.import_record_index,
                                                    .namespace_ref = namespace_ref,
                                                },
                                                stmt.loc,
                                            ));
                                            new_stmts.appendSliceAssumeCapacity(part.stmts[j + 1 ..]);
                                            break :brk new_stmts.items;
                                        };

                                        part.import_record_indices.push(p.allocator, right.data.e_require_string.import_record_index) catch unreachable;
                                        p.symbols.items[p.module_ref.innerIndex()].use_count_estimate = 0;
                                        p.symbols.items[namespace_ref.innerIndex()].use_count_estimate -|= 1;
                                        _ = part.symbol_uses.swapRemove(namespace_ref);

                                        for (before.items, 0..) |before_part, i| {
                                            if (before_part.tag == .import_to_convert_from_require) {
                                                _ = before.swapRemove(i);
                                                break;
                                            }
                                        }

                                        if (p.esm_export_keyword.len == 0) {
                                            p.esm_export_keyword.loc = stmt.loc;
                                            p.esm_export_keyword.len = 5;
                                        }
                                        p.commonjs_named_exports_deoptimized = false;
                                        break;
                                    }

                                    if (right.data == .e_binary) {
                                        bin = right.data.e_binary;
                                        continue;
                                    }

                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        } else if (p.options.bundle and parts.items.len == 0) {
            // This flag is disabled because it breaks circular export * as from
            //
            //  entry.js:
            //
            //    export * from './foo';
            //
            //  foo.js:
            //
            //    export const foo = 123
            //    export * as ns from './foo'
            //
            if (comptime FeatureFlags.export_star_redirect) {
                // If the file only contains "export * from './blah'
                // we pretend the file never existed in the first place.
                // the semantic difference here is in export default statements
                // note: export_star_import_records are not filled in yet

                if (before.items.len > 0 and p.import_records.items.len == 1) {
                    const export_star_redirect: ?*S.ExportStar = brk: {
                        var export_star: ?*S.ExportStar = null;
                        for (before.items) |part| {
                            for (part.stmts) |stmt| {
                                switch (stmt.data) {
                                    .s_export_star => |star| {
                                        if (star.alias != null) {
                                            break :brk null;
                                        }

                                        if (export_star != null) {
                                            break :brk null;
                                        }

                                        export_star = star;
                                    },
                                    .s_empty, .s_comment => {},
                                    else => {
                                        break :brk null;
                                    },
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        break :brk export_star;
                    };

                    if (export_star_redirect) |star| {
                        return js_ast.Result{
                            .ast = .{
                                .allocator = p.allocator,
                                .import_records = ImportRecord.List.init(p.import_records.items),
                                .redirect_import_record_index = star.import_record_index,
                                .named_imports = p.named_imports,
                                .named_exports = p.named_exports,
                            },
                        };
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // Analyze cross-part dependencies for tree shaking and code splitting
        var exports_kind = js_ast.ExportsKind.none;
        const exports_ref_usage_count = p.symbols.items[p.exports_ref.innerIndex()].use_count_estimate;
        const uses_exports_ref = exports_ref_usage_count > 0;

        if (uses_exports_ref and p.commonjs_named_exports.count() > 0 and !force_esm) {
            p.deoptimizeCommonJSNamedExports();
        }

        const uses_module_ref = p.symbols.items[p.module_ref.innerIndex()].use_count_estimate > 0;

        var wrap_mode: WrapMode = .none;

        if (p.isDeoptimizedCommonJS()) {
            exports_kind = .cjs;
        } else if (p.esm_export_keyword.len > 0 or p.top_level_await_keyword.len > 0) {
            exports_kind = .esm;
        } else if (uses_exports_ref or uses_module_ref or p.has_top_level_return or p.has_with_scope) {
            exports_kind = .cjs;
            if (p.options.features.commonjs_at_runtime) {
                wrap_mode = .bun_commonjs;

                const import_record: ?*const ImportRecord = brk: {
                    for (p.import_records.items) |*import_record| {
                        if (import_record.is_internal or import_record.is_unused) continue;
                        if (import_record.kind == .stmt) break :brk import_record;
                    }

                    break :brk null;
                };

                // make it an error to use an import statement with a commonjs exports usage
                if (import_record) |record| {
                    // find the usage of the export symbol

                    var notes = ListManaged(logger.Data).init(p.allocator);

                    try notes.append(logger.Data{
                        .text = try std.fmt.allocPrint(p.allocator, "Try require({}) instead", .{bun.fmt.QuotedFormatter{ .text = record.path.text }}),
                    });

                    if (uses_module_ref) {
                        try notes.append(logger.Data{
                            .text = "This file is CommonJS because 'module' was used",
                        });
                    }

                    if (uses_exports_ref) {
                        try notes.append(logger.Data{
                            .text = "This file is CommonJS because 'exports' was used",
                        });
                    }

                    if (p.has_top_level_return) {
                        try notes.append(logger.Data{
                            .text = "This file is CommonJS because top-level return was used",
                        });
                    }

                    if (p.has_with_scope) {
                        try notes.append(logger.Data{
                            .text = "This file is CommonJS because a \"with\" statement is used",
                        });
                    }

                    try p.log.addRangeErrorWithNotes(p.source, record.range, "Cannot use import statement with CommonJS-only features", notes.items);
                }
            }
        } else {
            switch (p.options.module_type) {
                // ".cjs" or ".cts" or ("type: commonjs" and (".js" or ".jsx" or ".ts" or ".tsx"))
                .cjs => {
                    // There are no commonjs-only features used (require is allowed in ESM)
                    bun.assert(!uses_exports_ref and
                        !uses_module_ref and
                        !p.has_top_level_return and
                        !p.has_with_scope);
                    // Use ESM if the file has ES module syntax (import)
                    exports_kind = if (p.has_es_module_syntax) .esm else .cjs;
                },
                .esm => {
                    exports_kind = .esm;
                },
                .unknown => {
                    // Divergence from esbuild and Node.js: we default to ESM
                    // when there are no exports.
                    //
                    // However, this breaks certain packages.
                    // For example, the checkpoint-client used by
                    // Prisma does an eval("__dirname") but does not export
                    // anything.
                    //
                    // If they use an import statement, we say it's ESM because that's not allowed in CommonJS files.
                    const uses_any_import_statements = brk: {
                        for (p.import_records.items) |*import_record| {
                            if (import_record.is_internal or import_record.is_unused) continue;
                            if (import_record.kind == .stmt) break :brk true;
                        }

                        break :brk false;
                    };

                    if (uses_any_import_statements) {
                        exports_kind = .esm;
                    }
                    // Otherwise, if they use CommonJS features its CommonJS.
                    // If you add a 'use strict'; at the top, you probably meant CommonJS because "use strict"; does nothing in ESM.
                    else if (p.symbols.items[p.require_ref.innerIndex()].use_count_estimate > 0 or uses_dirname or uses_filename or (!p.options.bundle and p.module_scope.strict_mode == .explicit_strict_mode)) {
                        exports_kind = .cjs;
                    } else {
                        // If unknown, we default to ESM
                        exports_kind = .esm;
                    }
                },
            }

            if (exports_kind == .cjs and p.options.features.commonjs_at_runtime) {
                wrap_mode = .bun_commonjs;
            }
        }

        // Handle dirname and filename at runtime.
        //
        // If we reach this point, it means:
        //
        // 1) we are building an ESM file that uses __dirname or __filename
        // 2) we are targeting bun's runtime.
        // 3) we are not bundling.
        //
        if (exports_kind == .esm and (uses_dirname or uses_filename)) {
            bun.assert(!p.options.bundle);
            const count = @as(usize, @intFromBool(uses_dirname)) + @as(usize, @intFromBool(uses_filename));
            var declared_symbols = DeclaredSymbol.List.initCapacity(p.allocator, count) catch unreachable;
            var decls = p.allocator.alloc(G.Decl, count) catch unreachable;
            if (uses_dirname) {
                // var __dirname = import.meta
                decls[0] = .{
                    .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = p.dirname_ref }, logger.Loc.Empty),
                    .value = p.newExpr(
                        E.Dot{
                            .name = "dir",
                            .name_loc = logger.Loc.Empty,
                            .target = p.newExpr(E.ImportMeta{}, logger.Loc.Empty),
                        },
                        logger.Loc.Empty,
                    ),
                };
                declared_symbols.appendAssumeCapacity(.{ .ref = p.dirname_ref, .is_top_level = true });
            }
            if (uses_filename) {
                // var __filename = import.meta.path
                decls[@as(usize, @intFromBool(uses_dirname))] = .{
                    .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = p.filename_ref }, logger.Loc.Empty),
                    .value = p.newExpr(
                        E.Dot{
                            .name = "path",
                            .name_loc = logger.Loc.Empty,
                            .target = p.newExpr(E.ImportMeta{}, logger.Loc.Empty),
                        },
                        logger.Loc.Empty,
                    ),
                };
                declared_symbols.appendAssumeCapacity(.{ .ref = p.filename_ref, .is_top_level = true });
            }

            var part_stmts = p.allocator.alloc(Stmt, 1) catch unreachable;
            part_stmts[0] = p.s(S.Local{
                .kind = .k_var,
                .decls = Decl.List.init(decls),
            }, logger.Loc.Empty);
            before.append(js_ast.Part{
                .stmts = part_stmts,
                .declared_symbols = declared_symbols,
                .tag = .dirname_filename,
            }) catch unreachable;
        }

        if (exports_kind == .esm and p.commonjs_named_exports.count() > 0 and !p.unwrap_all_requires and !force_esm) {
            exports_kind = .esm_with_dynamic_fallback_from_cjs;
        }

        // Auto inject jest globals into the test file
        if (p.options.features.inject_jest_globals) outer: {
            var jest: *Jest = &p.jest;

            for (p.import_records.items) |*item| {
                // skip if they did import it
                if (strings.eqlComptime(item.path.text, "bun:test") or strings.eqlComptime(item.path.text, "@jest/globals") or strings.eqlComptime(item.path.text, "vitest")) {
                    if (p.options.features.runtime_transpiler_cache) |cache| {
                        // If we rewrote import paths, we need to disable the runtime transpiler cache
                        if (!strings.eqlComptime(item.path.text, "bun:test")) {
                            cache.input_hash = null;
                        }
                    }

                    break :outer;
                }
            }

            // if they didn't use any of the jest globals, don't inject it, I guess.
            const items_count = brk: {
                var count: usize = 0;
                inline for (comptime std.meta.fieldNames(Jest)) |symbol_name| {
                    count += @intFromBool(p.symbols.items[@field(jest, symbol_name).innerIndex()].use_count_estimate > 0);
                }

                break :brk count;
            };
            if (items_count == 0)
                break :outer;

            const import_record_id = p.addImportRecord(.stmt, logger.Loc.Empty, "bun:test");
            var import_record: *ImportRecord = &p.import_records.items[import_record_id];
            import_record.tag = .bun_test;

            var declared_symbols = js_ast.DeclaredSymbol.List{};
            try declared_symbols.ensureTotalCapacity(p.allocator, items_count);
            var clauses: []js_ast.ClauseItem = p.allocator.alloc(js_ast.ClauseItem, items_count) catch unreachable;
            var clause_i: usize = 0;
            inline for (comptime std.meta.fieldNames(Jest)) |symbol_name| {
                if (p.symbols.items[@field(jest, symbol_name).innerIndex()].use_count_estimate > 0) {
                    clauses[clause_i] = js_ast.ClauseItem{
                        .name = .{ .ref = @field(jest, symbol_name), .loc = logger.Loc.Empty },
                        .alias = symbol_name,
                        .alias_loc = logger.Loc.Empty,
                        .original_name = "",
                    };
                    declared_symbols.appendAssumeCapacity(.{ .ref = @field(jest, symbol_name), .is_top_level = true });
                    clause_i += 1;
                }
            }

            const import_stmt = p.s(
                S.Import{
                    .namespace_ref = p.declareSymbol(.unbound, logger.Loc.Empty, "bun_test_import_namespace_for_internal_use_only") catch unreachable,
                    .items = clauses,
                    .import_record_index = import_record_id,
                },
                logger.Loc.Empty,
            );

            var part_stmts = try p.allocator.alloc(Stmt, 1);
            part_stmts[0] = import_stmt;
            var import_record_indices = try p.allocator.alloc(u32, 1);
            import_record_indices[0] = import_record_id;
            before.append(js_ast.Part{
                .stmts = part_stmts,
                .declared_symbols = declared_symbols,
                .import_record_indices = bun.BabyList(u32).init(import_record_indices),
                .tag = .bun_test,
            }) catch unreachable;

            // If we injected jest globals, we need to disable the runtime transpiler cache
            if (p.options.features.runtime_transpiler_cache) |cache| {
                cache.input_hash = null;
            }
        }

        if (p.has_called_runtime) {
            var runtime_imports: [RuntimeImports.all.len]u8 = undefined;
            var iter = p.runtime_imports.iter();
            var i: usize = 0;
            while (iter.next()) |entry| {
                runtime_imports[i] = @as(u8, @intCast(entry.key));
                i += 1;
            }

            std.sort.pdq(
                u8,
                runtime_imports[0..i],
                {},
                struct {
                    pub fn isLessThan(_: void, a: u8, b: u8) bool {
                        return std.math.order(
                            RuntimeImports.all_sorted_index[a],
                            RuntimeImports.all_sorted_index[b],
                        ) == .lt;
                    }
                }.isLessThan,
            );

            if (i > 0) {
                p.generateImportStmt(
                    RuntimeImports.Name,
                    runtime_imports[0..i],
                    &before,
                    p.runtime_imports,
                    null,
                    "import_",
                    true,
                ) catch unreachable;
            }
        }

        // handle new way to do automatic JSX imports which fixes symbol collision issues
        if (p.options.jsx.parse and p.options.features.auto_import_jsx and p.options.jsx.runtime == .automatic) {
            var buf = [3]string{ "", "", "" };
            const runtime_import_names = p.jsx_imports.runtimeImportNames(&buf);

            if (runtime_import_names.len > 0) {
                p.generateImportStmt(
                    p.options.jsx.importSource(),
                    runtime_import_names,
                    &before,
                    &p.jsx_imports,
                    null,
                    "",
                    false,
                ) catch unreachable;
            }

            const source_import_names = p.jsx_imports.sourceImportNames();
            if (source_import_names.len > 0) {
                p.generateImportStmt(
                    p.options.jsx.package_name,
                    source_import_names,
                    &before,
                    &p.jsx_imports,
                    null,
                    "",
                    false,
                ) catch unreachable;
            }
        }

        if (p.server_components_wrap_ref.isValid()) {
            const fw = p.options.framework orelse @panic("server components requires a framework configured, but none was set");
            const sc = fw.server_components.?;
            try p.generateReactRefreshImport(
                &before,
                sc.server_runtime_import,
                &.{
                    .{
                        .name = sc.server_register_client_reference,
                        .ref = p.server_components_wrap_ref,
                        .enabled = true,
                    },
                },
            );
        }

        if (p.react_refresh.register_used or p.react_refresh.signature_used) {
            try p.generateReactRefreshImport(
                &before,
                if (p.options.framework) |fw| fw.react_fast_refresh.?.import_source else "react-refresh/runtime",
                &.{
                    .{
                        .name = "register",
                        .enabled = p.react_refresh.register_used,
                        .ref = p.react_refresh.register_ref,
                    },
                    .{
                        .name = "createSignatureFunctionForTransform",
                        .enabled = p.react_refresh.signature_used,
                        .ref = p.react_refresh.create_signature_ref,
                    },
                },
            );
        }

        if (before.items.len > 0 or after.items.len > 0) {
            try parts.ensureUnusedCapacity(before.items.len + after.items.len);
            const parts_len = parts.items.len;
            parts.items.len += before.items.len + after.items.len;

            if (before.items.len > 0) {
                if (parts_len > 0) {
                    // first copy parts to the middle if before exists
                    bun.copy(js_ast.Part, parts.items[before.items.len..][0..parts_len], parts.items[0..parts_len]);
                }
                bun.copy(js_ast.Part, parts.items[0..before.items.len], before.items);
            }
            if (after.items.len > 0) {
                bun.copy(js_ast.Part, parts.items[parts_len + before.items.len ..][0..after.items.len], after.items);
            }
        }

        // Pop the module scope to apply the "ContainsDirectEval" rules
        // p.popScope();

        if (comptime Environment.isNative and bun.FeatureFlags.runtime_transpiler_cache) {
            const runtime_transpiler_cache: ?*bun.JSC.RuntimeTranspilerCache = p.options.features.runtime_transpiler_cache;
            if (runtime_transpiler_cache) |cache| {
                if (p.macro_call_count != 0) {
                    // disable this for:
                    // - macros
                    cache.input_hash = null;
                } else {
                    cache.exports_kind = exports_kind;
                }
            }
        }

        return js_ast.Result{ .ast = try p.toAST(&parts, exports_kind, wrap_mode, hashbang) };
    }

    pub fn init(_options: Options, log: *logger.Log, source: *const logger.Source, define: *Define, allocator: Allocator) !Parser {
        return Parser{
            .options = _options,
            .allocator = allocator,
            .lexer = try js_lexer.Lexer.init(log, source, allocator),
            .define = define,
            .source = source,
            .log = log,
        };
    }

    const PragmaState = packed struct { seen_cjs: bool = false, seen_bytecode: bool = false };

    fn hasBunPragma(self: *const Parser, has_hashbang: bool) ?js_ast.Result.AlreadyBundled {
        const BUN_PRAGMA = "// @bun";
        const contents = self.lexer.source.contents;
        const end = contents.len;

        // pragmas may appear after a hashbang comment
        //
        //   ```js
        //   #!/usr/bin/env bun
        //   // @bun
        //   const myCode = 1;
        //   ```
        var cursor: usize = 0;
        if (has_hashbang) {
            while (contents[cursor] != '\n') {
                cursor += 1;
                if (cursor >= end) return null;
            }

            // eat the last newline
            // NOTE: in windows, \n comes after \r so no extra work needs to be done
            cursor += 1;
        }

        if (!bun.strings.startsWith(contents[cursor..], BUN_PRAGMA)) return null;
        cursor += BUN_PRAGMA.len;

        var state: PragmaState = .{};

        while (cursor < self.lexer.end) : (cursor += 1) {
            switch (contents[cursor]) {
                '\n' => break,
                '@' => {
                    cursor += 1;
                    if (cursor >= contents.len) break;
                    if (contents[cursor] != 'b') continue;
                    const slice = contents[cursor..];
                    if (bun.strings.startsWith(slice, "bun-cjs")) {
                        state.seen_cjs = true;
                        cursor += "bun-cjs".len;
                    } else if (bun.strings.startsWith(slice, "bytecode")) {
                        state.seen_bytecode = true;
                        cursor += "bytecode".len;
                    }
                },
                else => {},
            }
        }

        if (state.seen_cjs) {
            return if (state.seen_bytecode) .bytecode_cjs else .bun_cjs;
        } else {
            return if (state.seen_bytecode) .bytecode else .bun;
        }
    }
};

const FindLabelSymbolResult = struct { ref: Ref, is_loop: bool, found: bool = false };

const FindSymbolResult = struct {
    ref: Ref,
    declare_loc: ?logger.Loc = null,
    is_inside_with_scope: bool = false,
};
const ExportClauseResult = struct {
    clauses: []js_ast.ClauseItem = &([_]js_ast.ClauseItem{}),
    is_single_line: bool = false,
    had_type_only_exports: bool = false,
};

const DeferredTsDecorators = struct {
    values: []js_ast.Expr,

    // If this turns out to be a "declare class" statement, we need to undo the
    // scopes that were potentially pushed while parsing the decorator arguments.
    scope_index: usize,
};

const LexicalDecl = enum(u8) { forbid, allow_all, allow_fn_inside_if, allow_fn_inside_label };

const ParseClassOptions = struct {
    ts_decorators: []Expr = &[_]Expr{},
    allow_ts_decorators: bool = false,
    is_type_script_declare: bool = false,
};

const ParseStatementOptions = struct {
    ts_decorators: ?DeferredTsDecorators = null,
    lexical_decl: LexicalDecl = .forbid,
    is_module_scope: bool = false,
    is_namespace_scope: bool = false,
    is_export: bool = false,
    is_using_statement: bool = false,
    is_name_optional: bool = false, // For "export default" pseudo-statements,
    is_typescript_declare: bool = false,
    is_for_loop_init: bool = false,

    pub fn hasDecorators(self: *ParseStatementOptions) bool {
        const decs = self.ts_decorators orelse return false;
        return decs.values.len > 0;
    }
};

var e_missing_data = E.Missing{};
var s_missing = S.Empty{};
var nullExprData = Expr.Data{ .e_missing = e_missing_data };
var nullStmtData = Stmt.Data{ .s_empty = s_missing };
pub const Prefill = struct {
    pub const HotModuleReloading = struct {
        pub var DebugEnabledArgs = [_]Expr{
            Expr{ .data = .{ .e_boolean = E.Boolean{ .value = true } }, .loc = logger.Loc.Empty },
        };
        pub var DebugDisabled = [_]Expr{
            Expr{ .data = .{ .e_boolean = E.Boolean{ .value = false } }, .loc = logger.Loc.Empty },
        };
        pub var ActivateString = E.String{
            .data = "activate",
        };
        pub var ActivateIndex = E.Index{
            .index = .{
                .data = .{
                    .e_string = &ActivateString,
                },
                .loc = logger.Loc.Empty,
            },
            .target = undefined,
        };
    };
    pub const StringLiteral = struct {
        pub const Key = [3]u8{ 'k', 'e', 'y' };
        pub const Children = [_]u8{ 'c', 'h', 'i', 'l', 'd', 'r', 'e', 'n' };
        pub const Filename = [_]u8{ 'f', 'i', 'l', 'e', 'N', 'a', 'm', 'e' };
        pub const LineNumber = [_]u8{ 'l', 'i', 'n', 'e', 'N', 'u', 'm', 'b', 'e', 'r' };
        pub const ColumnNumber = [_]u8{ 'c', 'o', 'l', 'u', 'm', 'n', 'N', 'u', 'm', 'b', 'e', 'r' };
    };
    pub const Value = struct {
        pub const EThis = E.This{};
        pub const Zero = E.Number{ .value = 0.0 };
    };
    pub const String = struct {
        pub var Key = E.String{ .data = &Prefill.StringLiteral.Key };
        pub var Children = E.String{ .data = &Prefill.StringLiteral.Children };
        pub var Filename = E.String{ .data = &Prefill.StringLiteral.Filename };
        pub var LineNumber = E.String{ .data = &Prefill.StringLiteral.LineNumber };
        pub var ColumnNumber = E.String{ .data = &Prefill.StringLiteral.ColumnNumber };

        pub var @"$$typeof" = E.String{ .data = "$$typeof" };
        pub var @"type" = E.String{ .data = "type" };
        pub var ref = E.String{ .data = "ref" };
        pub var props = E.String{ .data = "props" };
        pub var _owner = E.String{ .data = "_owner" };
        pub var REACT_ELEMENT_TYPE = E.String{ .data = "react.element" };
    };
    pub const Data = struct {
        pub var BMissing = B{ .b_missing = BMissing_ };
        pub var BMissing_ = B.Missing{};

        pub var EMissing = Expr.Data{ .e_missing = EMissing_ };
        pub var EMissing_ = E.Missing{};

        pub var SEmpty = Stmt.Data{ .s_empty = SEmpty_ };
        pub var SEmpty_ = S.Empty{};

        pub var Filename = Expr.Data{ .e_string = &Prefill.String.Filename };
        pub var LineNumber = Expr.Data{ .e_string = &Prefill.String.LineNumber };
        pub var ColumnNumber = Expr.Data{ .e_string = &Prefill.String.ColumnNumber };
        pub var @"$$typeof" = Expr.Data{ .e_string = &Prefill.String.@"$$typeof" };
        pub var key = Expr.Data{ .e_string = &Prefill.String.Key };
        pub var @"type" = Expr.Data{ .e_string = &Prefill.String.type };
        pub var ref = Expr.Data{ .e_string = &Prefill.String.ref };
        pub var props = Expr.Data{ .e_string = &Prefill.String.props };
        pub var _owner = Expr.Data{ .e_string = &Prefill.String._owner };
        pub var REACT_ELEMENT_TYPE = Expr.Data{ .e_string = &Prefill.String.REACT_ELEMENT_TYPE };
        pub const This = Expr.Data{ .e_this = E.This{} };
        pub const Zero = Expr.Data{ .e_number = Value.Zero };
    };
};

const ReactJSX = struct {
    hoisted_elements: std.ArrayHashMapUnmanaged(Ref, G.Decl, bun.ArrayIdentityContext, false) = .{},
};

var keyExprData = Expr.Data{ .e_string = &Prefill.String.Key };
var jsxChildrenKeyData = Expr.Data{ .e_string = &Prefill.String.Children };
var nullExprValueData = E.Null{};
var falseExprValueData = E.Boolean{ .value = false };
var nullValueExpr = Expr.Data{ .e_null = nullExprValueData };
var falseValueExpr = Expr.Data{ .e_boolean = E.Boolean{ .value = false } };

pub const ImportOrRequireScanResults = struct {
    import_records: List(ImportRecord),
};

const JSXTransformType = enum {
    none,
    react,
};

const ParserFeatures = struct {
    typescript: bool = false,
    jsx: JSXTransformType = .none,
    scan_only: bool = false,
};

pub const ImportItemForNamespaceMap = bun.StringArrayHashMap(LocRef);

pub const KnownGlobal = enum {
    WeakSet,
    WeakMap,
    Date,
    Set,
    Map,
    Headers,
    Response,
    TextEncoder,
    TextDecoder,

    pub const map = bun.ComptimeEnumMap(KnownGlobal);

    pub noinline fn maybeMarkConstructorAsPure(noalias e: *E.New, symbols: []const Symbol) void {
        const id = if (e.target.data == .e_identifier) e.target.data.e_identifier.ref else return;
        const symbol = &symbols[id.innerIndex()];
        if (symbol.kind != .unbound)
            return;

        const constructor = map.get(symbol.original_name) orelse return;

        switch (constructor) {
            .WeakSet, .WeakMap => {
                const n = e.args.len;

                if (n == 0) {
                    // "new WeakSet()" is pure
                    e.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = true;

                    return;
                }

                if (n == 1) {
                    switch (e.args.ptr[0].data) {
                        .e_null, .e_undefined => {
                            // "new WeakSet(null)" is pure
                            // "new WeakSet(void 0)" is pure
                            e.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = true;
                        },
                        .e_array => |array| {
                            if (array.items.len == 0) {
                                // "new WeakSet([])" is pure
                                e.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = true;
                            } else {
                                // "new WeakSet([x])" is impure because an exception is thrown if "x" is not an object
                            }
                        },
                        else => {
                            // "new WeakSet(x)" is impure because the iterator for "x" could have side effects
                        },
                    }
                }
            },
            .Date => {
                const n = e.args.len;

                if (n == 0) {
                    // "new Date()" is pure
                    e.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = true;

                    return;
                }

                if (n == 1) {
                    switch (e.args.ptr[0].knownPrimitive()) {
                        .null, .undefined, .boolean, .number, .string => {
                            // "new Date('')" is pure
                            // "new Date(0)" is pure
                            // "new Date(null)" is pure
                            // "new Date(true)" is pure
                            // "new Date(false)" is pure
                            // "new Date(undefined)" is pure
                            e.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = true;
                        },
                        else => {
                            // "new Date(x)" is impure because the argument could be a string with side effects

                        },
                    }
                }
            },

            .Set => {
                const n = e.args.len;

                if (n == 0) {
                    // "new Set()" is pure
                    e.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = true;
                    return;
                }

                if (n == 1) {
                    switch (e.args.ptr[0].data) {
                        .e_array, .e_null, .e_undefined => {
                            // "new Set([a, b, c])" is pure
                            // "new Set(null)" is pure
                            // "new Set(void 0)" is pure
                            e.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = true;
                        },
                        else => {
                            // "new Set(x)" is impure because the iterator for "x" could have side effects
                        },
                    }
                }
            },

            .Headers => {
                const n = e.args.len;

                if (n == 0) {
                    // "new Headers()" is pure
                    e.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = true;

                    return;
                }
            },

            .Response => {
                const n = e.args.len;

                if (n == 0) {
                    // "new Response()" is pure
                    e.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = true;

                    return;
                }

                if (n == 1) {
                    switch (e.args.ptr[0].knownPrimitive()) {
                        .null, .undefined, .boolean, .number, .string => {
                            // "new Response('')" is pure
                            // "new Response(0)" is pure
                            // "new Response(null)" is pure
                            // "new Response(true)" is pure
                            // "new Response(false)" is pure
                            // "new Response(undefined)" is pure

                            e.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = true;
                        },
                        else => {
                            // "new Response(x)" is impure
                        },
                    }
                }
            },
            .TextDecoder, .TextEncoder => {
                const n = e.args.len;

                if (n == 0) {
                    // "new TextEncoder()" is pure
                    // "new TextDecoder()" is pure
                    e.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = true;

                    return;
                }

                // We _could_ validate the encoding argument
                // But let's not bother
            },

            .Map => {
                const n = e.args.len;

                if (n == 0) {
                    // "new Map()" is pure
                    e.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = true;
                    return;
                }

                if (n == 1) {
                    switch (e.args.ptr[0].data) {
                        .e_null, .e_undefined => {
                            // "new Map(null)" is pure
                            // "new Map(void 0)" is pure
                            e.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = true;
                        },
                        .e_array => |array| {
                            var all_items_are_arrays = true;
                            for (array.items.slice()) |item| {
                                if (item.data != .e_array) {
                                    all_items_are_arrays = false;
                                    break;
                                }
                            }

                            if (all_items_are_arrays) {
                                // "new Map([[a, b], [c, d]])" is pure
                                e.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = true;
                            }
                        },
                        else => {
                            // "new Map(x)" is impure because the iterator for "x" could have side effects
                        },
                    }
                }
            },
        }
    }
};

pub const MacroState = struct {
    refs: MacroRefs,
    prepend_stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt) = undefined,
    imports: std.AutoArrayHashMap(i32, Ref),

    pub fn init(allocator: Allocator) MacroState {
        return MacroState{
            .refs = MacroRefs.init(allocator),
            .prepend_stmts = undefined,
            .imports = std.AutoArrayHashMap(i32, Ref).init(allocator),
        };
    }
};

const Jest = struct {
    expect: Ref = Ref.None,
    describe: Ref = Ref.None,
    @"test": Ref = Ref.None,
    it: Ref = Ref.None,
    beforeEach: Ref = Ref.None,
    afterEach: Ref = Ref.None,
    beforeAll: Ref = Ref.None,
    afterAll: Ref = Ref.None,
    jest: Ref = Ref.None,
};

// workaround for https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues/10903
fn NewParser(
    comptime parser_features: ParserFeatures,
) type {
    return NewParser_(
        parser_features.typescript,
        parser_features.jsx,
        parser_features.scan_only,
    );
}
fn NewParser_(
    comptime parser_feature__typescript: bool,
    comptime parser_feature__jsx: JSXTransformType,
    comptime parser_feature__scan_only: bool,
) type {
    const js_parser_features: ParserFeatures = .{
        .typescript = parser_feature__typescript,
        .jsx = parser_feature__jsx,
        .scan_only = parser_feature__scan_only,
    };

    // P is for Parser!
    return struct {
        const js_parser_jsx = js_parser_features.jsx;
        const is_typescript_enabled = js_parser_features.typescript;
        const is_jsx_enabled = js_parser_jsx != .none;
        const only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit = js_parser_features.scan_only;
        const ImportRecordList = if (only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit) *std.ArrayList(ImportRecord) else std.ArrayList(ImportRecord);
        const NamedImportsType = if (only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit) *js_ast.Ast.NamedImports else js_ast.Ast.NamedImports;
        const NeedsJSXType = if (only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit) bool else void;
        const track_symbol_usage_during_parse_pass = only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit and is_typescript_enabled;
        const ParsePassSymbolUsageType = if (track_symbol_usage_during_parse_pass) *ScanPassResult.ParsePassSymbolUsageMap else void;

        pub const parser_features: ParserFeatures = js_parser_features;
        const P = @This();
        pub const jsx_transform_type: JSXTransformType = js_parser_jsx;
        const allow_macros = FeatureFlags.is_macro_enabled;
        const MacroCallCountType = if (allow_macros) u32 else u0;
        macro: MacroState = undefined,
        allocator: Allocator,
        options: Parser.Options,
        log: *logger.Log,
        define: *Define,
        source: *const logger.Source,
        lexer: js_lexer.Lexer,
        allow_in: bool = false,
        allow_private_identifiers: bool = false,

        has_top_level_return: bool = false,
        latest_return_had_semicolon: bool = false,
        has_import_meta: bool = false,
        has_es_module_syntax: bool = false,
        top_level_await_keyword: logger.Range = logger.Range.None,
        fn_or_arrow_data_parse: FnOrArrowDataParse = FnOrArrowDataParse{},
        fn_or_arrow_data_visit: FnOrArrowDataVisit = FnOrArrowDataVisit{},
        fn_only_data_visit: FnOnlyDataVisit = FnOnlyDataVisit{},
        allocated_names: List(string) = .{},
        // allocated_names: ListManaged(string) = ListManaged(string).init(bun.default_allocator),
        // allocated_names_pool: ?*AllocatedNamesPool.Node = null,
        latest_arrow_arg_loc: logger.Loc = logger.Loc.Empty,
        forbid_suffix_after_as_loc: logger.Loc = logger.Loc.Empty,
        current_scope: *js_ast.Scope = undefined,
        scopes_for_current_part: List(*js_ast.Scope) = .{},
        symbols: ListManaged(js_ast.Symbol) = undefined,
        ts_use_counts: List(u32) = .{},
        exports_ref: Ref = Ref.None,
        require_ref: Ref = Ref.None,
        module_ref: Ref = Ref.None,
        filename_ref: Ref = Ref.None,
        dirname_ref: Ref = Ref.None,
        import_meta_ref: Ref = Ref.None,
        hmr_api_ref: Ref = Ref.None,
        scopes_in_order_visitor_index: usize = 0,
        has_classic_runtime_warned: bool = false,
        macro_call_count: MacroCallCountType = 0,

        hoisted_ref_for_sloppy_mode_block_fn: RefRefMap = .{},

        /// Used for transforming export default -> module.exports
        has_export_default: bool = false,
        has_export_keyword: bool = false,

        // Used for forcing CommonJS
        has_with_scope: bool = false,

        is_file_considered_to_have_esm_exports: bool = false,

        has_called_runtime: bool = false,

        legacy_cjs_import_stmts: std.ArrayList(Stmt),

        injected_define_symbols: List(Ref) = .{},
        symbol_uses: SymbolUseMap = .{},
        declared_symbols: DeclaredSymbol.List = .{},
        declared_symbols_for_reuse: DeclaredSymbol.List = .{},
        runtime_imports: RuntimeImports = RuntimeImports{},

        /// Used with unwrap_commonjs_packages
        imports_to_convert_from_require: List(DeferredImportNamespace) = .{},
        unwrap_all_requires: bool = false,

        commonjs_named_exports: js_ast.Ast.CommonJSNamedExports = .{},
        commonjs_named_exports_deoptimized: bool = false,
        commonjs_module_exports_assigned_deoptimized: bool = false,
        commonjs_named_exports_needs_conversion: u32 = std.math.maxInt(u32),
        had_commonjs_named_exports_this_visit: bool = false,
        commonjs_replacement_stmts: StmtNodeList = &.{},

        parse_pass_symbol_uses: ParsePassSymbolUsageType = undefined,

        /// Used by commonjs_at_runtime
        has_commonjs_export_names: bool = false,

        stack_check: bun.StackCheck,

        /// When this flag is enabled, we attempt to fold all expressions that
        /// TypeScript would consider to be "constant expressions". This flag is
        /// enabled inside each enum body block since TypeScript requires numeric
        /// constant folding in enum definitions.
        ///
        /// We also enable this flag in certain cases in JavaScript files such as when
        /// parsing "const" declarations at the top of a non-ESM file, but we still
        /// reuse TypeScript's notion of "constant expressions" for our own convenience.
        ///
        /// As of TypeScript 5.0, a "constant expression" is defined as follows:
        ///
        ///   An expression is considered a constant expression if it is
        ///
        ///   * a number or string literal,
        ///   * a unary +, -, or ~ applied to a numeric constant expression,
        ///   * a binary +, -, *, /, %, **, <<, >>, >>>, |, &, ^ applied to two numeric constant expressions,
        ///   * a binary + applied to two constant expressions whereof at least one is a string,
        ///   * a template expression where each substitution expression is a constant expression,
        ///   * a parenthesized constant expression,
        ///   * a dotted name (e.g. x.y.z) that references a const variable with a constant expression initializer and no type annotation,
        ///   * a dotted name that references an enum member with an enum literal type, or
        ///   * a dotted name indexed by a string literal (e.g. x.y["z"]) that references an enum member with an enum literal type.
        ///
        /// More detail: https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/pull/50528. Note that
        /// we don't implement certain items in this list. For example, we don't do all
        /// number-to-string conversions since ours might differ from how JavaScript
        /// would do it, which would be a correctness issue.
        ///
        /// This flag is also set globally when minify_syntax is enabled, in which this means
        /// we always fold constant expressions.
        should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions: bool = false,

        emitted_namespace_vars: RefMap = RefMap{},
        is_exported_inside_namespace: RefRefMap = .{},
        local_type_names: StringBoolMap = StringBoolMap{},

        // This is the reference to the generated function argument for the namespace,
        // which is different than the reference to the namespace itself:
        //
        //   namespace ns {
        //   }
        //
        // The code above is transformed into something like this:
        //
        //   var ns1;
        //   (function(ns2) {
        //   })(ns1 or (ns1 = {}));
        //
        // This variable is "ns2" not "ns1". It is only used during the second
        // "visit" pass.
        enclosing_namespace_arg_ref: ?Ref = null,

        jsx_imports: JSXImport.Symbols = .{},

        /// only applicable when `.options.features.react_fast_refresh` is set.
        /// populated before visit pass starts.
        react_refresh: ReactRefresh = .{},

        /// only applicable when `.options.features.server_components` is
        /// configured to wrap exports. populated before visit pass starts.
        server_components_wrap_ref: Ref = Ref.None,

        jest: Jest = .{},

        // Imports (both ES6 and CommonJS) are tracked at the top level
        import_records: ImportRecordList,
        import_records_for_current_part: List(u32) = .{},
        export_star_import_records: List(u32) = .{},
        import_symbol_property_uses: SymbolPropertyUseMap = .{},

        // These are for handling ES6 imports and exports
        esm_import_keyword: logger.Range = logger.Range.None,
        esm_export_keyword: logger.Range = logger.Range.None,
        enclosing_class_keyword: logger.Range = logger.Range.None,
        import_items_for_namespace: std.AutoHashMapUnmanaged(Ref, ImportItemForNamespaceMap) = .{},
        is_import_item: RefMap = .{},
        named_imports: NamedImportsType,
        named_exports: js_ast.Ast.NamedExports,
        import_namespace_cc_map: Map(ImportNamespaceCallOrConstruct, bool) = .{},

        // When we're only scanning the imports
        // If they're using the automatic JSX runtime
        // We won't know that we need to import JSX robustly because we don't track
        // symbol counts. Instead, we ask:
        // "Did we parse anything that looked like JSX"?
        // If yes, then automatically add the JSX import.
        needs_jsx_import: NeedsJSXType,

        // The parser does two passes and we need to pass the scope tree information
        // from the first pass to the second pass. That's done by tracking the calls
        // to pushScopeForParsePass() and popScope() during the first pass in
        // scopesInOrder.
        //
        // Then, when the second pass calls pushScopeForVisitPass() and popScope(),
        // we consume entries from scopesInOrder and make sure they are in the same
        // order. This way the second pass can efficiently use the same scope tree
        // as the first pass without having to attach the scope tree to the AST.
        //
        // We need to split this into two passes because the pass that declares the
        // symbols must be separate from the pass that binds identifiers to declared
        // symbols to handle declaring a hoisted "var" symbol in a nested scope and
        // binding a name to it in a parent or sibling scope.
        scopes_in_order: ScopeOrderList = .{},
        scope_order_to_visit: []ScopeOrder = &.{},

        // These properties are for the visit pass, which runs after the parse pass.
        // The visit pass binds identifiers to declared symbols, does constant
        // folding, substitutes compile-time variable definitions, and lowers certain
        // syntactic constructs as appropriate.
        stmt_expr_value: Expr.Data,
        call_target: Expr.Data,
        delete_target: Expr.Data,
        loop_body: Stmt.Data,
        module_scope: *js_ast.Scope = undefined,
        module_scope_directive_loc: logger.Loc = .{},
        is_control_flow_dead: bool = false,

        /// We must be careful to avoid revisiting nodes that have scopes.
        is_revisit_for_substitution: bool = false,

        method_call_must_be_replaced_with_undefined: bool = false,

        // Inside a TypeScript namespace, an "export declare" statement can be used
        // to cause a namespace to be emitted even though it has no other observable
        // effect. This flag is used to implement this feature.
        //
        // Specifically, namespaces should be generated for all of the following
        // namespaces below except for "f", which should not be generated:
        //
        //   namespace a { export declare const a }
        //   namespace b { export declare let [[b]] }
        //   namespace c { export declare function c() }
        //   namespace d { export declare class d {} }
        //   namespace e { export declare enum e {} }
        //   namespace f { export declare namespace f {} }
        //
        // The TypeScript compiler compiles this into the following code (notice "f"
        // is missing):
        //
        //   var a; (function (a_1) {})(a or (a = {}));
        //   var b; (function (b_1) {})(b or (b = {}));
        //   var c; (function (c_1) {})(c or (c = {}));
        //   var d; (function (d_1) {})(d or (d = {}));
        //   var e; (function (e_1) {})(e or (e = {}));
        //
        // Note that this should not be implemented by declaring symbols for "export
        // declare" statements because the TypeScript compiler doesn't generate any
        // code for these statements, so these statements are actually references to
        // global variables. There is one exception, which is that local variables
        // *should* be declared as symbols because they are replaced with. This seems
        // like very arbitrary behavior but it's what the TypeScript compiler does,
        // so we try to match it.
        //
        // Specifically, in the following code below "a" and "b" should be declared
        // and should be substituted with "ns.a" and "ns.b" but the other symbols
        // shouldn't. References to the other symbols actually refer to global
        // variables instead of to symbols that are exported from the namespace.
        // This is the case as of TypeScript 4.3. I assume this is a TypeScript bug:
        //
        //   namespace ns {
        //     export declare const a
        //     export declare let [[b]]
        //     export declare function c()
        //     export declare class d { }
        //     export declare enum e { }
        //     console.log(a, b, c, d, e)
        //   }
        //
        // The TypeScript compiler compiles this into the following code:
        //
        //   var ns;
        //   (function (ns) {
        //       console.log(ns.a, ns.b, c, d, e);
        //   })(ns or (ns = {}));
        //
        // Relevant issue: https://github.com/evanw/esbuild/issues/1158
        has_non_local_export_declare_inside_namespace: bool = false,

        // This helps recognize the "await import()" pattern. When this is present,
        // warnings about non-string import paths will be omitted inside try blocks.
        await_target: ?js_ast.Expr.Data = null,

        to_expr_wrapper_namespace: Binding2ExprWrapper.Namespace,
        to_expr_wrapper_hoisted: Binding2ExprWrapper.Hoisted,

        // This helps recognize the "import().catch()" pattern. We also try to avoid
        // warning about this just like the "try { await import() }" pattern.
        then_catch_chain: ThenCatchChain,

        // Temporary variables used for lowering
        temp_refs_to_declare: List(TempRef) = .{},
        temp_ref_count: i32 = 0,

        // When bundling, hoisted top-level local variables declared with "var" in
        // nested scopes are moved up to be declared in the top-level scope instead.
        // The old "var" statements are turned into regular assignments instead. This
        // makes it easier to quickly scan the top-level statements for "var" locals
        // with the guarantee that all will be found.
        relocated_top_level_vars: List(js_ast.LocRef) = .{},

        // ArrowFunction is a special case in the grammar. Although it appears to be
        // a PrimaryExpression, it's actually an AssignmentExpression. This means if
        // a AssignmentExpression ends up producing an ArrowFunction then nothing can
        // come after it other than the comma operator, since the comma operator is
        // the only thing above AssignmentExpression under the Expression rule:
        //
        //   AssignmentExpression:
        //     ArrowFunction
        //     ConditionalExpression
        //     LeftHandSideExpression = AssignmentExpression
        //     LeftHandSideExpression AssignmentOperator AssignmentExpression
        //
        //   Expression:
        //     AssignmentExpression
        //     Expression , AssignmentExpression
        //
        after_arrow_body_loc: logger.Loc = logger.Loc.Empty,
        import_transposer: ImportTransposer,
        require_transposer: RequireTransposer,
        require_resolve_transposer: RequireResolveTransposer,

        const_values: js_ast.Ast.ConstValuesMap = .{},

        // These are backed by stack fallback allocators in _parse, and are uninitialized until then.
        binary_expression_stack: ListManaged(BinaryExpressionVisitor) = undefined,
        binary_expression_simplify_stack: ListManaged(SideEffects.BinaryExpressionSimplifyVisitor) = undefined,

        /// We build up enough information about the TypeScript namespace hierarchy to
        /// be able to resolve scope lookups and property accesses for TypeScript enum
        /// and namespace features. Each JavaScript scope object inside a namespace
        /// has a reference to a map of exported namespace members from sibling scopes.
        ///
        /// In addition, there is a map from each relevant symbol reference to the data
        /// associated with that namespace or namespace member: "ref_to_ts_namespace_member".
        /// This gives enough info to be able to resolve queries into the namespace.
        ref_to_ts_namespace_member: std.AutoHashMapUnmanaged(Ref, js_ast.TSNamespaceMember.Data) = .{},
        /// When visiting expressions, namespace metadata is associated with the most
        /// recently visited node. If namespace metadata is present, "tsNamespaceTarget"
        /// will be set to the most recently visited node (as a way to mark that this
        /// node has metadata) and "tsNamespaceMemberData" will be set to the metadata.
        ts_namespace: RecentlyVisitedTSNamespace = .{},
        top_level_enums: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(Ref) = .{},

        scopes_in_order_for_enum: std.AutoArrayHashMapUnmanaged(logger.Loc, []ScopeOrder) = .{},

        // If this is true, then all top-level statements are wrapped in a try/catch
        will_wrap_module_in_try_catch_for_using: bool = false,

        /// Used for react refresh, it must be able to insert `const _s = $RefreshSig$();`
        nearest_stmt_list: ?*ListManaged(Stmt) = null,

        const RecentlyVisitedTSNamespace = struct {
            expr: Expr.Data = Expr.empty.data,
            map: ?*js_ast.TSNamespaceMemberMap = null,

            const ExpressionData = union(enum) {
                ref: Ref,
                ptr: *E.Dot,
            };
        };

        /// use this instead of checking p.source.index
        /// because when not bundling, p.source.index is `0`
        inline fn isSourceRuntime(p: *const P) bool {
            return p.options.bundle and p.source.index.isRuntime();
        }

        pub fn transposeImport(noalias p: *P, arg: Expr, state: *const TransposeState) Expr {
            // The argument must be a string
            if (arg.data.as(.e_string)) |str| {
                // Ignore calls to import() if the control flow is provably dead here.
                // We don't want to spend time scanning the required files if they will
                // never be used.
                if (p.is_control_flow_dead) {
                    return p.newExpr(E.Null{}, arg.loc);
                }

                const import_record_index = p.addImportRecord(.dynamic, arg.loc, str.slice(p.allocator));

                if (state.import_record_tag) |tag| {
                    p.import_records.items[import_record_index].tag = tag;
                }

                p.import_records.items[import_record_index].handles_import_errors = (state.is_await_target and p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit.try_body_count != 0) or state.is_then_catch_target;
                p.import_records_for_current_part.append(p.allocator, import_record_index) catch unreachable;

                return p.newExpr(E.Import{
                    .expr = arg,
                    .import_record_index = @intCast(import_record_index),
                    .options = state.import_options,
                }, state.loc);
            }

            if (p.options.warn_about_unbundled_modules) {
                // Use a debug log so people can see this if they want to
                const r = js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, state.loc);
                p.log.addRangeDebug(p.source, r, "This \"import\" expression cannot be bundled because the argument is not a string literal") catch unreachable;
            }

            return p.newExpr(E.Import{
                .expr = arg,
                .options = state.import_options,
                .import_record_index = std.math.maxInt(u32),
            }, state.loc);
        }

        pub fn transposeRequireResolve(noalias p: *P, arg: Expr, require_resolve_ref: Expr) Expr {
            // The argument must be a string
            if (arg.data == .e_string) {
                return p.transposeRequireResolveKnownString(arg);
            }

            if (p.options.warn_about_unbundled_modules) {
                // Use a debug log so people can see this if they want to
                const r = js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, arg.loc);
                p.log.addRangeDebug(p.source, r, "This \"require.resolve\" expression cannot be bundled because the argument is not a string literal") catch unreachable;
            }

            const args = p.allocator.alloc(Expr, 1) catch unreachable;
            args[0] = arg;

            return p.newExpr(E.Call{
                .target = require_resolve_ref,
                .args = ExprNodeList.init(args),
            }, arg.loc);
        }

        pub inline fn transposeRequireResolveKnownString(noalias p: *P, arg: Expr) Expr {
            bun.assert(arg.data == .e_string);

            // Ignore calls to import() if the control flow is provably dead here.
            // We don't want to spend time scanning the required files if they will
            // never be used.
            if (p.is_control_flow_dead) {
                return p.newExpr(E.Null{}, arg.loc);
            }

            const import_record_index = p.addImportRecord(.require_resolve, arg.loc, arg.data.e_string.string(p.allocator) catch unreachable);
            p.import_records.items[import_record_index].handles_import_errors = p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit.try_body_count != 0;
            p.import_records_for_current_part.append(p.allocator, import_record_index) catch unreachable;

            return p.newExpr(
                E.RequireResolveString{
                    .import_record_index = import_record_index,
                    // .leading_interior_comments = arg.getString().
                },
                arg.loc,
            );
        }

        pub fn transposeRequire(noalias p: *P, arg: Expr, state: *const TransposeState) Expr {
            if (!p.options.features.allow_runtime) {
                const args = p.allocator.alloc(Expr, 1) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                args[0] = arg;
                return p.newExpr(
                    E.Call{
                        .target = p.valueForRequire(arg.loc),
                        .args = ExprNodeList.init(args),
                    },
                    arg.loc,
                );
            }

            switch (arg.data) {
                .e_string => |str| {
                    // Ignore calls to require() if the control flow is provably dead here.
                    // We don't want to spend time scanning the required files if they will
                    // never be used.
                    if (p.is_control_flow_dead) {
                        return Expr{ .data = nullExprData, .loc = arg.loc };
                    }

                    str.resolveRopeIfNeeded(p.allocator);
                    const pathname = str.string(p.allocator) catch unreachable;
                    const path = fs.Path.init(pathname);

                    const handles_import_errors = p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit.try_body_count != 0;

                    // For unwrapping CommonJS into ESM to fully work
                    // we must also unwrap requires into imports.
                    const should_unwrap_require = p.options.features.unwrap_commonjs_to_esm and
                        (p.unwrap_all_requires or
                            if (path.packageName()) |pkg| p.options.features.shouldUnwrapRequire(pkg) else false) and
                        // We cannot unwrap a require wrapped in a try/catch because
                        // import statements cannot be wrapped in a try/catch and
                        // require cannot return a promise.
                        !handles_import_errors;

                    if (should_unwrap_require) {
                        const import_record_index = p.addImportRecordByRangeAndPath(.stmt, p.source.rangeOfString(arg.loc), path);
                        p.import_records.items[import_record_index].handles_import_errors = handles_import_errors;

                        // Note that this symbol may be completely removed later.
                        var path_name = fs.PathName.init(path.text);
                        const name = path_name.nonUniqueNameString(p.allocator) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                        const namespace_ref = p.newSymbol(.other, name) catch bun.outOfMemory();

                        p.imports_to_convert_from_require.append(p.allocator, .{
                            .namespace = .{
                                .ref = namespace_ref,
                                .loc = arg.loc,
                            },
                            .import_record_id = import_record_index,
                        }) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                        p.import_items_for_namespace.put(p.allocator, namespace_ref, ImportItemForNamespaceMap.init(p.allocator)) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                        p.recordUsage(namespace_ref);

                        if (!state.is_require_immediately_assigned_to_decl) {
                            return p.newExpr(E.Identifier{
                                .ref = namespace_ref,
                            }, arg.loc);
                        }

                        return p.newExpr(
                            E.RequireString{
                                .import_record_index = import_record_index,
                                .unwrapped_id = @as(u32, @intCast(p.imports_to_convert_from_require.items.len - 1)),
                            },
                            arg.loc,
                        );
                    }

                    const import_record_index = p.addImportRecordByRangeAndPath(.require, p.source.rangeOfString(arg.loc), path);
                    p.import_records.items[import_record_index].handles_import_errors = handles_import_errors;
                    p.import_records_for_current_part.append(p.allocator, import_record_index) catch unreachable;

                    return p.newExpr(E.RequireString{ .import_record_index = import_record_index }, arg.loc);
                },
                else => {
                    p.recordUsageOfRuntimeRequire();
                    const args = p.allocator.alloc(Expr, 1) catch unreachable;
                    args[0] = arg;
                    return p.newExpr(
                        E.Call{
                            .target = p.valueForRequire(arg.loc),
                            .args = ExprNodeList.init(args),
                        },
                        arg.loc,
                    );
                },
            }
        }

        pub inline fn shouldUnwrapCommonJSToESM(p: *const P) bool {
            return p.options.features.unwrap_commonjs_to_esm;
        }

        fn isBindingUsed(noalias p: *P, binding: Binding, default_export_ref: Ref) bool {
            switch (binding.data) {
                .b_identifier => |ident| {
                    if (default_export_ref.eql(ident.ref)) return true;
                    if (p.named_imports.contains(ident.ref))
                        return true;

                    for (p.named_exports.values()) |named_export| {
                        if (named_export.ref.eql(ident.ref))
                            return true;
                    }

                    const symbol: *const Symbol = &p.symbols.items[ident.ref.innerIndex()];
                    return symbol.use_count_estimate > 0;
                },
                .b_array => |array| {
                    for (array.items) |item| {
                        if (isBindingUsed(p, item.binding, default_export_ref)) {
                            return true;
                        }
                    }

                    return false;
                },
                .b_object => |obj| {
                    for (obj.properties) |prop| {
                        if (isBindingUsed(p, prop.value, default_export_ref)) {
                            return true;
                        }
                    }

                    return false;
                },
                .b_missing => return false,
            }
        }

        pub fn treeShake(noalias p: *P, parts: *[]js_ast.Part, merge: bool) void {
            var parts_: []js_ast.Part = parts.*;
            defer {
                if (merge and parts_.len > 1) {
                    var first_none_part: usize = parts_.len;
                    var stmts_count: usize = 0;
                    for (parts_, 0..) |part, i| {
                        if (part.tag == .none) {
                            stmts_count += part.stmts.len;
                            first_none_part = @min(i, first_none_part);
                        }
                    }

                    if (first_none_part < parts_.len) {
                        const stmts_list = p.allocator.alloc(Stmt, stmts_count) catch unreachable;
                        var stmts_remain = stmts_list;

                        for (parts_) |part| {
                            if (part.tag == .none) {
                                bun.copy(Stmt, stmts_remain, part.stmts);
                                stmts_remain = stmts_remain[part.stmts.len..];
                            }
                        }

                        parts_[first_none_part].stmts = stmts_list;

                        parts_ = parts_[0 .. first_none_part + 1];
                    }
                }

                parts.* = parts_;
            }
            const default_export_ref =
                if (p.named_exports.get("default")) |default_| default_.ref else Ref.None;

            while (parts_.len > 1) {
                var parts_end: usize = 0;
                const last_end = parts_.len;

                for (parts_) |part| {
                    const is_dead = part.can_be_removed_if_unused and can_remove_part: {
                        for (part.stmts) |stmt| {
                            switch (stmt.data) {
                                .s_local => |local| {
                                    if (local.is_export) break :can_remove_part false;
                                    for (local.decls.slice()) |decl| {
                                        if (isBindingUsed(p, decl.binding, default_export_ref))
                                            break :can_remove_part false;
                                    }
                                },
                                .s_if => |if_statement| {
                                    const result = SideEffects.toBoolean(p, if_statement.test_.data);
                                    if (!(result.ok and result.side_effects == .no_side_effects and !result.value)) {
                                        break :can_remove_part false;
                                    }
                                },
                                .s_while => |while_statement| {
                                    const result = SideEffects.toBoolean(p, while_statement.test_.data);
                                    if (!(result.ok and result.side_effects == .no_side_effects and !result.value)) {
                                        break :can_remove_part false;
                                    }
                                },
                                .s_for => |for_statement| {
                                    if (for_statement.test_) |expr| {
                                        const result = SideEffects.toBoolean(p, expr.data);
                                        if (!(result.ok and result.side_effects == .no_side_effects and !result.value)) {
                                            break :can_remove_part false;
                                        }
                                    }
                                },
                                .s_function => |func| {
                                    if (func.func.flags.contains(.is_export)) break :can_remove_part false;
                                    if (func.func.name) |name| {
                                        const symbol: *const Symbol = &p.symbols.items[name.ref.?.innerIndex()];

                                        if (name.ref.?.eql(default_export_ref) or
                                            symbol.use_count_estimate > 0 or
                                            p.named_exports.contains(symbol.original_name) or
                                            p.named_imports.contains(name.ref.?) or
                                            p.is_import_item.get(name.ref.?) != null)
                                        {
                                            break :can_remove_part false;
                                        }
                                    }
                                },
                                .s_import,
                                .s_export_clause,
                                .s_export_from,
                                .s_export_default,
                                => break :can_remove_part false,

                                .s_class => |class| {
                                    if (class.is_export) break :can_remove_part false;
                                    if (class.class.class_name) |name| {
                                        const symbol: *const Symbol = &p.symbols.items[name.ref.?.innerIndex()];

                                        if (name.ref.?.eql(default_export_ref) or
                                            symbol.use_count_estimate > 0 or
                                            p.named_exports.contains(symbol.original_name) or
                                            p.named_imports.contains(name.ref.?) or
                                            p.is_import_item.get(name.ref.?) != null)
                                        {
                                            break :can_remove_part false;
                                        }
                                    }
                                },

                                else => break :can_remove_part false,
                            }
                        }
                        break :can_remove_part true;
                    };

                    if (is_dead) {
                        p.clearSymbolUsagesFromDeadPart(&part);

                        continue;
                    }

                    parts_[parts_end] = part;
                    parts_end += 1;
                }

                parts_.len = parts_end;
                if (last_end == parts_.len) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        const ImportTransposer = ExpressionTransposer(P, *const TransposeState, P.transposeImport);
        const RequireTransposer = ExpressionTransposer(P, *const TransposeState, P.transposeRequire);
        const RequireResolveTransposer = ExpressionTransposer(P, Expr, P.transposeRequireResolve);

        const Binding2ExprWrapper = struct {
            pub const Namespace = Binding.ToExpr(P, P.wrapIdentifierNamespace);
            pub const Hoisted = Binding.ToExpr(P, P.wrapIdentifierHoisting);
        };

        fn clearSymbolUsagesFromDeadPart(noalias p: *P, part: *const js_ast.Part) void {
            const symbol_use_refs = part.symbol_uses.keys();
            const symbol_use_values = part.symbol_uses.values();
            var symbols = p.symbols.items;

            for (symbol_use_refs, symbol_use_values) |ref, prev| {
                symbols[ref.innerIndex()].use_count_estimate -|= prev.count_estimate;
            }
            const declared_refs = part.declared_symbols.refs();
            for (declared_refs) |declared| {
                symbols[declared.innerIndex()].use_count_estimate = 0;
            }
        }

        pub fn s(noalias _: *const P, t: anytype, loc: logger.Loc) Stmt {
            const Type = @TypeOf(t);
            if (!is_typescript_enabled and (Type == S.TypeScript or Type == *S.TypeScript)) {
                @compileError("Attempted to use TypeScript syntax in a non-TypeScript environment");
            }

            // Output.print("\nStmt: {s} - {d}\n", .{ @typeName(@TypeOf(t)), loc.start });
            if (@typeInfo(Type) == .pointer) {
                // ExportFrom normally becomes import records during the visiting pass
                // However, we skip the visiting pass in this mode
                // So we must generate a minimum version of it here.
                if (comptime only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit) {
                    // if (@TypeOf(t) == *S.ExportFrom) {
                    //     switch (call.target.data) {
                    //         .e_identifier => |ident| {
                    //             // is this a require("something")
                    //             if (strings.eqlComptime(p.loadNameFromRef(ident.ref), "require") and call.args.len == 1 and std.meta.activeTag(call.args[0].data) == .e_string) {
                    //                 _ = p.addImportRecord(.require, loc, call.args[0].data.e_string.string(p.allocator) catch unreachable);
                    //             }
                    //         },
                    //         else => {},
                    //     }
                    // }
                }

                return Stmt.init(std.meta.Child(Type), t, loc);
            } else {
                return Stmt.alloc(Type, t, loc);
            }
        }

        fn computeCharacterFrequency(p: *P) ?js_ast.CharFreq {
            if (!p.options.features.minify_identifiers or p.isSourceRuntime()) {
                return null;
            }

            // Add everything in the file to the histogram
            var freq: js_ast.CharFreq = .{
                .freqs = [_]i32{0} ** 64,
            };

            freq.scan(p.source.contents, 1);

            // Subtract out all comments
            for (p.lexer.all_comments.items) |comment_range| {
                freq.scan(p.source.textForRange(comment_range), -1);
            }

            // Subtract out all import paths
            for (p.import_records.items) |record| {
                freq.scan(record.path.text, -1);
            }

            const ScopeVisitor = struct {
                pub fn visit(symbols: []const js_ast.Symbol, char_freq: *js_ast.CharFreq, scope: *js_ast.Scope) void {
                    var iter = scope.members.iterator();

                    while (iter.next()) |entry| {
                        const symbol: *const Symbol = &symbols[entry.value_ptr.ref.innerIndex()];

                        if (symbol.slotNamespace() != .must_not_be_renamed) {
                            char_freq.scan(symbol.original_name, -@as(i32, @intCast(symbol.use_count_estimate)));
                        }
                    }

                    if (scope.label_ref) |ref| {
                        const symbol = &symbols[ref.innerIndex()];

                        if (symbol.slotNamespace() != .must_not_be_renamed) {
                            char_freq.scan(symbol.original_name, -@as(i32, @intCast(symbol.use_count_estimate)) - 1);
                        }
                    }

                    for (scope.children.slice()) |child| {
                        visit(symbols, char_freq, child);
                    }
                }
            };
            ScopeVisitor.visit(p.symbols.items, &freq, p.module_scope);

            // TODO: mangledProps

            return freq;
        }

        pub fn newExpr(noalias p: *P, t: anytype, loc: logger.Loc) Expr {
            const Type = @TypeOf(t);

            comptime {
                if (jsx_transform_type == .none) {
                    if (Type == E.JSXElement or Type == *E.JSXElement) {
                        @compileError("JSXElement is not supported in this environment");
                    }
                }
            }

            // Output.print("\nExpr: {s} - {d}\n", .{ @typeName(@TypeOf(t)), loc.start });
            if (@typeInfo(Type) == .pointer) {
                if (comptime only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit) {
                    if (Type == *E.Call) {
                        const call: *E.Call = t;
                        switch (call.target.data) {
                            .e_identifier => |ident| {
                                // is this a require("something")
                                if (strings.eqlComptime(p.loadNameFromRef(ident.ref), "require") and call.args.len == 1 and std.meta.activeTag(call.args.ptr[0].data) == .e_string) {
                                    _ = p.addImportRecord(.require, loc, call.args.first_().data.e_string.string(p.allocator) catch unreachable);
                                }
                            },
                            else => {},
                        }
                    }
                }
                return Expr.init(std.meta.Child(Type), t.*, loc);
            } else {
                if (comptime only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit) {
                    if (Type == E.Call) {
                        const call: E.Call = t;
                        switch (call.target.data) {
                            .e_identifier => |ident| {
                                // is this a require("something")
                                if (strings.eqlComptime(p.loadNameFromRef(ident.ref), "require") and call.args.len == 1 and std.meta.activeTag(call.args.ptr[0].data) == .e_string) {
                                    _ = p.addImportRecord(.require, loc, call.args.first_().data.e_string.string(p.allocator) catch unreachable);
                                }
                            },
                            else => {},
                        }
                    }
                }
                return Expr.init(Type, t, loc);
            }
        }

        pub fn b(p: *P, t: anytype, loc: logger.Loc) Binding {
            if (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(t)) == .pointer) {
                return Binding.init(t, loc);
            } else {
                return Binding.alloc(p.allocator, t, loc);
            }
        }

        pub fn findSymbol(noalias p: *P, loc: logger.Loc, name: string) !FindSymbolResult {
            return findSymbolWithRecordUsage(p, loc, name, true);
        }

        pub fn findSymbolWithRecordUsage(noalias p: *P, loc: logger.Loc, name: string, comptime record_usage: bool) !FindSymbolResult {
            var declare_loc: logger.Loc = logger.Loc.Empty;
            var is_inside_with_scope = false;
            // This function can show up in profiling.
            // That's part of why we do this.
            // Instead of rehashing `name` for every scope, we do it just once.
            const hash = Scope.getMemberHash(name);
            const allocator = p.allocator;

            const ref: Ref = brk: {
                var current: ?*Scope = p.current_scope;

                var did_forbid_arguments = false;

                while (current) |scope| : (current = current.?.parent) {
                    // Track if we're inside a "with" statement body
                    if (scope.kind == .with) {
                        is_inside_with_scope = true;
                    }

                    // Forbid referencing "arguments" inside class bodies
                    if (scope.forbid_arguments and !did_forbid_arguments and strings.eqlComptime(name, "arguments")) {
                        const r = js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, loc);
                        p.log.addRangeErrorFmt(p.source, r, allocator, "Cannot access \"{s}\" here", .{name}) catch unreachable;
                        did_forbid_arguments = true;
                    }

                    // Is the symbol a member of this scope?
                    if (scope.getMemberWithHash(name, hash)) |member| {
                        declare_loc = member.loc;
                        break :brk member.ref;
                    }

                    // Is the symbol a member of this scope's TypeScript namespace?
                    if (scope.ts_namespace) |ts_namespace| {
                        if (ts_namespace.exported_members.get(name)) |member| {
                            if (member.data.isEnum() == ts_namespace.is_enum_scope) {
                                declare_loc = member.loc;
                                // If this is an identifier from a sibling TypeScript namespace, then we're
                                // going to have to generate a property access instead of a simple reference.
                                // Lazily-generate an identifier that represents this property access.
                                const gop = try ts_namespace.property_accesses.getOrPut(p.allocator, name);
                                if (!gop.found_existing) {
                                    const ref = try p.newSymbol(.other, name);
                                    gop.value_ptr.* = ref;
                                    p.symbols.items[ref.inner_index].namespace_alias = .{
                                        .namespace_ref = ts_namespace.arg_ref,
                                        .alias = name,
                                    };
                                    break :brk ref;
                                }
                                break :brk gop.value_ptr.*;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                // Allocate an "unbound" symbol
                p.checkForNonBMPCodePoint(loc, name);
                if (comptime !record_usage) {
                    return FindSymbolResult{
                        .ref = Ref.None,
                        .declare_loc = loc,
                        .is_inside_with_scope = is_inside_with_scope,
                    };
                }

                const gpe = p.module_scope.getOrPutMemberWithHash(allocator, name, hash) catch unreachable;

                // I don't think this happens?
                if (gpe.found_existing) {
                    const existing = gpe.value_ptr.*;
                    declare_loc = existing.loc;
                    break :brk existing.ref;
                }

                const _ref = p.newSymbol(.unbound, name) catch unreachable;

                gpe.key_ptr.* = name;
                gpe.value_ptr.* = js_ast.Scope.Member{ .ref = _ref, .loc = loc };

                declare_loc = loc;

                break :brk _ref;
            };

            // If we had to pass through a "with" statement body to get to the symbol
            // declaration, then this reference could potentially also refer to a
            // property on the target object of the "with" statement. We must not rename
            // it or we risk changing the behavior of the code.
            if (is_inside_with_scope) {
                p.symbols.items[ref.innerIndex()].must_not_be_renamed = true;
            }

            // Track how many times we've referenced this symbol
            if (comptime record_usage) p.recordUsage(ref);

            return FindSymbolResult{
                .ref = ref,
                .declare_loc = declare_loc,
                .is_inside_with_scope = is_inside_with_scope,
            };
        }

        pub fn recordExportedBinding(noalias p: *P, binding: Binding) void {
            switch (binding.data) {
                .b_missing => {},
                .b_identifier => |ident| {
                    p.recordExport(binding.loc, p.symbols.items[ident.ref.innerIndex()].original_name, ident.ref) catch unreachable;
                },
                .b_array => |array| {
                    for (array.items) |prop| {
                        p.recordExportedBinding(prop.binding);
                    }
                },
                .b_object => |obj| {
                    for (obj.properties) |prop| {
                        p.recordExportedBinding(prop.value);
                    }
                },
            }
        }

        pub fn recordExport(noalias p: *P, loc: logger.Loc, alias: string, ref: Ref) !void {
            if (p.named_exports.get(alias)) |name| {
                // Duplicate exports are an error
                var notes = try p.allocator.alloc(logger.Data, 1);
                notes[0] = logger.Data{
                    .text = try std.fmt.allocPrint(p.allocator, "\"{s}\" was originally exported here", .{alias}),
                    .location = logger.Location.initOrNull(p.source, js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, name.alias_loc)),
                };
                try p.log.addRangeErrorFmtWithNotes(
                    p.source,
                    js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, loc),
                    p.allocator,
                    notes,
                    "Multiple exports with the same name \"{s}\"",
                    .{std.mem.trim(u8, alias, "\"'")},
                );
            } else if (!p.isDeoptimizedCommonJS()) {
                try p.named_exports.put(p.allocator, alias, js_ast.NamedExport{ .alias_loc = loc, .ref = ref });
            }
        }

        fn isDeoptimizedCommonJS(noalias p: *P) bool {
            return p.commonjs_named_exports_deoptimized and p.commonjs_named_exports.count() > 0;
        }

        pub fn recordUsage(noalias p: *P, ref: Ref) void {
            if (p.is_revisit_for_substitution) return;
            // The use count stored in the symbol is used for generating symbol names
            // during minification. These counts shouldn't include references inside dead
            // code regions since those will be culled.
            if (!p.is_control_flow_dead) {
                if (comptime Environment.allow_assert) assert(p.symbols.items.len > ref.innerIndex());
                p.symbols.items[ref.innerIndex()].use_count_estimate += 1;
                var result = p.symbol_uses.getOrPut(p.allocator, ref) catch unreachable;
                if (!result.found_existing) {
                    result.value_ptr.* = Symbol.Use{ .count_estimate = 1 };
                } else {
                    result.value_ptr.count_estimate += 1;
                }
            }

            // The correctness of TypeScript-to-JavaScript conversion relies on accurate
            // symbol use counts for the whole file, including dead code regions. This is
            // tracked separately in a parser-only data structure.
            if (is_typescript_enabled) {
                p.ts_use_counts.items[ref.innerIndex()] += 1;
            }
        }

        fn logArrowArgErrors(noalias p: *P, errors: *DeferredArrowArgErrors) void {
            if (errors.invalid_expr_await.len > 0) {
                const r = errors.invalid_expr_await;
                p.log.addRangeError(p.source, r, "Cannot use an \"await\" expression here") catch unreachable;
            }

            if (errors.invalid_expr_yield.len > 0) {
                const r = errors.invalid_expr_yield;
                p.log.addRangeError(p.source, r, "Cannot use a \"yield\" expression here") catch unreachable;
            }
        }

        fn keyNameForError(noalias p: *P, key: js_ast.Expr) string {
            switch (key.data) {
                .e_string => {
                    return key.data.e_string.string(p.allocator) catch unreachable;
                },
                .e_private_identifier => |private| {
                    return p.loadNameFromRef(private.ref);
                },
                else => {
                    return "property";
                },
            }
        }

        /// This function is very very hot.
        pub fn handleIdentifier(noalias p: *P, loc: logger.Loc, ident: E.Identifier, original_name: ?string, opts: IdentifierOpts) Expr {
            const ref = ident.ref;

            if (p.options.features.inlining) {
                if (p.const_values.get(ref)) |replacement| {
                    p.ignoreUsage(ref);
                    return replacement;
                }
            }

            // Create an error for assigning to an import namespace
            if ((opts.assign_target != .none or opts.is_delete_target) and p.symbols.items[ref.innerIndex()].kind == .import) {
                const r = js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, loc);
                p.log.addRangeErrorFmt(p.source, r, p.allocator, "Cannot assign to import \"{s}\"", .{
                    p.symbols.items[ref.innerIndex()].original_name,
                }) catch unreachable;
            }

            // Substitute an EImportIdentifier now if this has a namespace alias
            if (opts.assign_target == .none and !opts.is_delete_target) {
                const symbol = &p.symbols.items[ref.inner_index];
                if (symbol.namespace_alias) |ns_alias| {
                    if (p.ref_to_ts_namespace_member.get(ns_alias.namespace_ref)) |ts_member_data| {
                        if (ts_member_data == .namespace) {
                            if (ts_member_data.namespace.get(ns_alias.alias)) |member| {
                                switch (member.data) {
                                    .enum_number => |num| return p.wrapInlinedEnum(
                                        .{ .loc = loc, .data = .{ .e_number = .{ .value = num } } },
                                        p.symbols.items[ref.inner_index].original_name,
                                    ),

                                    .enum_string => |str| return p.wrapInlinedEnum(
                                        .{ .loc = loc, .data = .{ .e_string = str } },
                                        p.symbols.items[ref.inner_index].original_name,
                                    ),

                                    .namespace => |map| {
                                        const expr = p.newExpr(E.Dot{
                                            .target = p.newExpr(E.Identifier.init(ns_alias.namespace_ref), loc),
                                            .name = ns_alias.alias,
                                            .name_loc = loc,
                                        }, loc);
                                        p.ts_namespace = .{
                                            .expr = expr.data,
                                            .map = map,
                                        };
                                        return expr;
                                    },

                                    else => {},
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    return p.newExpr(E.ImportIdentifier{
                        .ref = ident.ref,
                        .was_originally_identifier = true,
                    }, loc);
                }
            }

            // Substitute an EImportIdentifier now if this is an import item
            if (p.is_import_item.contains(ref)) {
                return p.newExpr(
                    E.ImportIdentifier{ .ref = ref, .was_originally_identifier = opts.was_originally_identifier },
                    loc,
                );
            }

            if (is_typescript_enabled) {
                if (p.ref_to_ts_namespace_member.get(ref)) |member_data| {
                    switch (member_data) {
                        .enum_number => |num| return p.wrapInlinedEnum(
                            .{ .loc = loc, .data = .{ .e_number = .{ .value = num } } },
                            p.symbols.items[ref.inner_index].original_name,
                        ),

                        .enum_string => |str| return p.wrapInlinedEnum(
                            .{ .loc = loc, .data = .{ .e_string = str } },
                            p.symbols.items[ref.inner_index].original_name,
                        ),

                        .namespace => |map| {
                            const expr: Expr = .{
                                .data = .{ .e_identifier = ident },
                                .loc = loc,
                            };

                            p.ts_namespace = .{
                                .expr = expr.data,
                                .map = map,
                            };

                            return expr;
                        },

                        else => {},
                    }
                }

                // Substitute a namespace export reference now if appropriate
                if (p.is_exported_inside_namespace.get(ref)) |ns_ref| {
                    const name = p.symbols.items[ref.innerIndex()].original_name;

                    p.recordUsage(ns_ref);
                    const prop = p.newExpr(E.Dot{
                        .target = p.newExpr(E.Identifier.init(ns_ref), loc),
                        .name = name,
                        .name_loc = loc,
                    }, loc);

                    if (p.ts_namespace.expr == .e_identifier and
                        p.ts_namespace.expr.e_identifier.ref.eql(ident.ref))
                    {
                        p.ts_namespace.expr = prop.data;
                    }

                    return prop;
                }
            }

            if (original_name) |name| {
                const result = p.findSymbol(loc, name) catch unreachable;
                var id_clone = ident;
                id_clone.ref = result.ref;
                return p.newExpr(id_clone, loc);
            }

            return .{
                .data = .{ .e_identifier = ident },
                .loc = loc,
            };
        }

        pub fn generateImportStmt(
            noalias p: *P,
            import_path: string,
            imports: anytype,
            parts: *ListManaged(js_ast.Part),
            symbols: anytype,
            additional_stmt: ?Stmt,
            comptime suffix: string,
            comptime is_internal: bool,
        ) anyerror!void {
            const allocator = p.allocator;
            const import_record_i = p.addImportRecordByRange(.stmt, logger.Range.None, import_path);
            var import_record: *ImportRecord = &p.import_records.items[import_record_i];
            if (comptime is_internal)
                import_record.path.namespace = "runtime";
            import_record.is_internal = is_internal;
            const import_path_identifier = try import_record.path.name.nonUniqueNameString(allocator);
            var namespace_identifier = try allocator.alloc(u8, import_path_identifier.len + suffix.len);
            const clause_items = try allocator.alloc(js_ast.ClauseItem, imports.len);
            var stmts = try allocator.alloc(Stmt, 1 + if (additional_stmt != null) @as(usize, 1) else @as(usize, 0));
            var declared_symbols = DeclaredSymbol.List{};
            try declared_symbols.ensureTotalCapacity(allocator, imports.len + 1);
            bun.copy(u8, namespace_identifier, suffix);
            bun.copy(u8, namespace_identifier[suffix.len..], import_path_identifier);

            const namespace_ref = try p.newSymbol(.other, namespace_identifier);
            declared_symbols.appendAssumeCapacity(.{
                .ref = namespace_ref,
                .is_top_level = true,
            });
            try p.module_scope.generated.push(allocator, namespace_ref);
            for (imports, clause_items) |alias, *clause_item| {
                const ref = symbols.get(alias) orelse unreachable;
                const alias_name = if (@TypeOf(symbols) == RuntimeImports) RuntimeImports.all[alias] else alias;
                clause_item.* = js_ast.ClauseItem{
                    .alias = alias_name,
                    .original_name = alias_name,
                    .alias_loc = logger.Loc{},
                    .name = LocRef{ .ref = ref, .loc = logger.Loc{} },
                };
                declared_symbols.appendAssumeCapacity(.{ .ref = ref, .is_top_level = true });

                // ensure every e_import_identifier holds the namespace
                if (p.options.features.hot_module_reloading) {
                    const symbol = &p.symbols.items[ref.inner_index];
                    if (symbol.namespace_alias == null) {
                        symbol.namespace_alias = .{
                            .namespace_ref = namespace_ref,
                            .alias = alias_name,
                            .import_record_index = import_record_i,
                        };
                    }
                }

                try p.is_import_item.put(allocator, ref, {});
                try p.named_imports.put(allocator, ref, js_ast.NamedImport{
                    .alias = alias_name,
                    .alias_loc = logger.Loc{},
                    .namespace_ref = namespace_ref,
                    .import_record_index = import_record_i,
                });
            }

            stmts[0] = p.s(
                S.Import{
                    .namespace_ref = namespace_ref,
                    .items = clause_items,
                    .import_record_index = import_record_i,
                    .is_single_line = true,
                },
                logger.Loc{},
            );
            if (additional_stmt) |add| {
                stmts[1] = add;
            }

            var import_records = try allocator.alloc(@TypeOf(import_record_i), 1);
            import_records[0] = import_record_i;

            // This import is placed in a part before the main code, however
            // the bundler ends up re-ordering this to be after... The order
            // does not matter as ESM imports are always hoisted.
            parts.append(js_ast.Part{
                .stmts = stmts,
                .declared_symbols = declared_symbols,
                .import_record_indices = bun.BabyList(u32).init(import_records),
                .tag = .runtime,
            }) catch unreachable;
        }

        pub fn generateReactRefreshImport(
            noalias p: *P,
            parts: *ListManaged(js_ast.Part),
            import_path: []const u8,
            clauses: []const ReactRefreshImportClause,
        ) !void {
            switch (p.options.features.hot_module_reloading) {
                inline else => |hmr| try p.generateReactRefreshImportHmr(parts, import_path, clauses, hmr),
            }
        }

        const ReactRefreshImportClause = struct {
            name: []const u8,
            enabled: bool,
            ref: Ref,
        };

        fn generateReactRefreshImportHmr(
            noalias p: *P,
            parts: *ListManaged(js_ast.Part),
            import_path: []const u8,
            clauses: []const ReactRefreshImportClause,
            comptime hot_module_reloading: bool,
        ) !void {
            // If `hot_module_reloading`, we are going to generate a require call:
            //
            //     const { $RefreshSig$, $RefreshReg$ } = require("react-refresh/runtime")`
            //
            // Otherwise we are going to settle on an import statement. Using
            // require is fine in HMR bundling because `react-refresh` itself is
            // already a CommonJS module, and it will actually be more efficient
            // at runtime this way.
            const allocator = p.allocator;
            const import_record_index = p.addImportRecordByRange(.stmt, logger.Range.None, import_path);

            const Item = if (hot_module_reloading) B.Object.Property else js_ast.ClauseItem;

            const len = 1 + @as(usize, @intFromBool(p.react_refresh.register_used)) +
                @as(usize, @intFromBool(p.react_refresh.signature_used));
            var items = try List(Item).initCapacity(allocator, len);

            const stmts = try allocator.alloc(Stmt, 1);
            var declared_symbols = DeclaredSymbol.List{};
            try declared_symbols.ensureTotalCapacity(allocator, len);

            const namespace_ref = try p.newSymbol(.other, "RefreshRuntime");
            declared_symbols.appendAssumeCapacity(.{
                .ref = namespace_ref,
                .is_top_level = true,
            });
            try p.module_scope.generated.push(allocator, namespace_ref);

            for (clauses) |entry| {
                if (entry.enabled) {
                    items.appendAssumeCapacity(if (hot_module_reloading) .{
                        .key = p.newExpr(E.String{ .data = entry.name }, logger.Loc.Empty),
                        .value = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = entry.ref }, logger.Loc.Empty),
                    } else .{
                        .alias = entry.name,
                        .original_name = entry.name,
                        .alias_loc = logger.Loc{},
                        .name = LocRef{ .ref = entry.ref, .loc = logger.Loc{} },
                    });
                    declared_symbols.appendAssumeCapacity(.{ .ref = entry.ref, .is_top_level = true });
                    try p.module_scope.generated.push(allocator, entry.ref);
                    try p.is_import_item.put(allocator, entry.ref, {});
                    try p.named_imports.put(allocator, entry.ref, .{
                        .alias = entry.name,
                        .alias_loc = logger.Loc.Empty,
                        .namespace_ref = namespace_ref,
                        .import_record_index = import_record_index,
                    });
                }
            }

            stmts[0] = p.s(if (hot_module_reloading)
                S.Local{
                    .kind = .k_const,
                    .decls = try Decl.List.fromSlice(p.allocator, &.{.{
                        .binding = p.b(B.Object{
                            .properties = items.items,
                        }, logger.Loc.Empty),
                        .value = p.newExpr(E.RequireString{
                            .import_record_index = import_record_index,
                        }, logger.Loc.Empty),
                    }}),
                }
            else
                S.Import{
                    .namespace_ref = namespace_ref,
                    .items = items.items,
                    .import_record_index = import_record_index,
                    .is_single_line = false,
                }, logger.Loc.Empty);

            try parts.append(.{
                .stmts = stmts,
                .declared_symbols = declared_symbols,
                .import_record_indices = try bun.BabyList(u32).fromSlice(allocator, &.{import_record_index}),
                .tag = .runtime,
            });
        }

        fn substituteSingleUseSymbolInStmt(noalias p: *P, stmt: Stmt, ref: Ref, replacement: Expr) bool {
            const expr: *Expr = brk: {
                switch (stmt.data) {
                    .s_expr => |exp| {
                        break :brk &exp.value;
                    },
                    .s_throw => |throw| {
                        break :brk &throw.value;
                    },
                    .s_return => |ret| {
                        if (ret.value) |*value| {
                            break :brk value;
                        }
                    },
                    .s_if => |if_stmt| {
                        break :brk &if_stmt.test_;
                    },
                    .s_switch => |switch_stmt| {
                        break :brk &switch_stmt.test_;
                    },
                    .s_local => |local| {
                        if (local.decls.len > 0) {
                            var first: *Decl = &local.decls.ptr[0];
                            if (first.value) |*value| {
                                if (first.binding.data == .b_identifier) {
                                    break :brk value;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    else => {},
                }

                return false;
            };

            // Only continue trying to insert this replacement into sub-expressions
            // after the first one if the replacement has no side effects:
            //
            //   // Substitution is ok
            //   let replacement = 123;
            //   return x + replacement;
            //
            //   // Substitution is not ok because "fn()" may change "x"
            //   let replacement = fn();
            //   return x + replacement;
            //
            //   // Substitution is not ok because "x == x" may change "x" due to "valueOf()" evaluation
            //   let replacement = [x];
            //   return (x == x) + replacement;
            //
            const replacement_can_be_removed = p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnused(&replacement);
            switch (p.substituteSingleUseSymbolInExpr(expr.*, ref, replacement, replacement_can_be_removed)) {
                .success => |result| {
                    if (result.data == .e_binary or result.data == .e_unary or result.data == .e_if) {
                        const prev_substituting = p.is_revisit_for_substitution;
                        p.is_revisit_for_substitution = true;
                        defer p.is_revisit_for_substitution = prev_substituting;
                        // O(n^2) and we will need to think more carefully about
                        // this once we implement syntax compression
                        expr.* = p.visitExpr(result);
                    } else {
                        expr.* = result;
                    }

                    return true;
                },
                else => {},
            }

            return false;
        }

        fn substituteSingleUseSymbolInExpr(
            noalias p: *P,
            expr: Expr,
            ref: Ref,
            replacement: Expr,
            replacement_can_be_removed: bool,
        ) Substitution {
            outer: {
                switch (expr.data) {
                    .e_identifier => |ident| {
                        if (ident.ref.eql(ref) or p.symbols.items[ident.ref.innerIndex()].link.eql(ref)) {
                            p.ignoreUsage(ref);
                            return .{ .success = replacement };
                        }
                    },
                    .e_new => |new| {
                        switch (p.substituteSingleUseSymbolInExpr(new.target, ref, replacement, replacement_can_be_removed)) {
                            .continue_ => {},
                            .success => |result| {
                                new.target = result;
                                return .{ .success = expr };
                            },
                            .failure => |result| {
                                new.target = result;
                                return .{ .failure = expr };
                            },
                        }

                        if (replacement_can_be_removed) {
                            for (new.args.slice()) |*arg| {
                                switch (p.substituteSingleUseSymbolInExpr(arg.*, ref, replacement, replacement_can_be_removed)) {
                                    .continue_ => {},
                                    .success => |result| {
                                        arg.* = result;
                                        return .{ .success = expr };
                                    },
                                    .failure => |result| {
                                        arg.* = result;
                                        return .{ .failure = expr };
                                    },
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .e_spread => |spread| {
                        switch (p.substituteSingleUseSymbolInExpr(spread.value, ref, replacement, replacement_can_be_removed)) {
                            .continue_ => {},
                            .success => |result| {
                                spread.value = result;
                                return .{ .success = expr };
                            },
                            .failure => |result| {
                                spread.value = result;
                                return .{ .failure = expr };
                            },
                        }
                    },
                    .e_await => |await_expr| {
                        switch (p.substituteSingleUseSymbolInExpr(await_expr.value, ref, replacement, replacement_can_be_removed)) {
                            .continue_ => {},
                            .success => |result| {
                                await_expr.value = result;
                                return .{ .success = expr };
                            },
                            .failure => |result| {
                                await_expr.value = result;
                                return .{ .failure = expr };
                            },
                        }
                    },
                    .e_yield => |yield| {
                        switch (p.substituteSingleUseSymbolInExpr(yield.value orelse Expr{ .data = .{ .e_missing = .{} }, .loc = expr.loc }, ref, replacement, replacement_can_be_removed)) {
                            .continue_ => {},
                            .success => |result| {
                                yield.value = result;
                                return .{ .success = expr };
                            },
                            .failure => |result| {
                                yield.value = result;
                                return .{ .failure = expr };
                            },
                        }
                    },
                    .e_import => |import| {
                        switch (p.substituteSingleUseSymbolInExpr(import.expr, ref, replacement, replacement_can_be_removed)) {
                            .continue_ => {},
                            .success => |result| {
                                import.expr = result;
                                return .{ .success = expr };
                            },
                            .failure => |result| {
                                import.expr = result;
                                return .{ .failure = expr };
                            },
                        }

                        // The "import()" expression has side effects but the side effects are
                        // always asynchronous so there is no way for the side effects to modify
                        // the replacement value. So it's ok to reorder the replacement value
                        // past the "import()" expression assuming everything else checks out.

                        if (replacement_can_be_removed and p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnused(&import.expr)) {
                            return .{ .continue_ = expr };
                        }
                    },
                    .e_unary => |e| {
                        switch (e.op) {
                            .un_pre_inc, .un_post_inc, .un_pre_dec, .un_post_dec, .un_delete => {
                                // Do not substitute into an assignment position
                            },
                            else => {
                                switch (p.substituteSingleUseSymbolInExpr(e.value, ref, replacement, replacement_can_be_removed)) {
                                    .continue_ => {},
                                    .success => |result| {
                                        e.value = result;
                                        return .{ .success = expr };
                                    },
                                    .failure => |result| {
                                        e.value = result;
                                        return .{ .failure = expr };
                                    },
                                }
                            },
                        }
                    },
                    .e_dot => |e| {
                        switch (p.substituteSingleUseSymbolInExpr(e.target, ref, replacement, replacement_can_be_removed)) {
                            .continue_ => {},
                            .success => |result| {
                                e.target = result;
                                return .{ .success = expr };
                            },
                            .failure => |result| {
                                e.target = result;
                                return .{ .failure = expr };
                            },
                        }
                    },
                    .e_binary => |e| {
                        // Do not substitute into an assignment position
                        if (e.op.binaryAssignTarget() == .none) {
                            switch (p.substituteSingleUseSymbolInExpr(e.left, ref, replacement, replacement_can_be_removed)) {
                                .continue_ => {},
                                .success => |result| {
                                    e.left = result;

                                    return .{ .success = expr };
                                },
                                .failure => |result| {
                                    e.left = result;
                                    return .{ .failure = expr };
                                },
                            }
                        } else if (!p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnused(&e.left)) {
                            // Do not reorder past a side effect in an assignment target, as that may
                            // change the replacement value. For example, "fn()" may change "a" here:
                            //
                            //   let a = 1;
                            //   foo[fn()] = a;
                            //
                            return .{ .failure = expr };
                        } else if (e.op.binaryAssignTarget() == .update and !replacement_can_be_removed) {
                            // If this is a read-modify-write assignment and the replacement has side
                            // effects, don't reorder it past the assignment target. The assignment
                            // target is being read so it may be changed by the side effect. For
                            // example, "fn()" may change "foo" here:
                            //
                            //   let a = fn();
                            //   foo += a;
                            //
                            return .{ .failure = expr };
                        }

                        // If we get here then it should be safe to attempt to substitute the
                        // replacement past the left operand into the right operand.
                        switch (p.substituteSingleUseSymbolInExpr(e.right, ref, replacement, replacement_can_be_removed)) {
                            .continue_ => {},
                            .success => |result| {
                                e.right = result;
                                return .{ .success = expr };
                            },
                            .failure => |result| {
                                e.right = result;
                                return .{ .failure = expr };
                            },
                        }
                    },
                    .e_if => |e| {
                        switch (p.substituteSingleUseSymbolInExpr(expr.data.e_if.test_, ref, replacement, replacement_can_be_removed)) {
                            .continue_ => {},
                            .success => |result| {
                                e.test_ = result;
                                return .{ .success = expr };
                            },
                            .failure => |result| {
                                e.test_ = result;
                                return .{ .failure = expr };
                            },
                        }

                        // Do not substitute our unconditionally-executed value into a branch
                        // unless the value itself has no side effects
                        if (replacement_can_be_removed) {
                            // Unlike other branches in this function such as "a && b" or "a?.[b]",
                            // the "a ? b : c" form has potential code evaluation along both control
                            // flow paths. Handle this by allowing substitution into either branch.
                            // Side effects in one branch should not prevent the substitution into
                            // the other branch.

                            const yes = p.substituteSingleUseSymbolInExpr(e.yes, ref, replacement, replacement_can_be_removed);
                            if (yes == .success) {
                                e.yes = yes.success;
                                return .{ .success = expr };
                            }

                            const no = p.substituteSingleUseSymbolInExpr(e.no, ref, replacement, replacement_can_be_removed);
                            if (no == .success) {
                                e.no = no.success;
                                return .{ .success = expr };
                            }

                            // Side effects in either branch should stop us from continuing to try to
                            // substitute the replacement after the control flow branches merge again.
                            if (yes != .continue_ or no != .continue_) {
                                return .{ .failure = expr };
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .e_index => |index| {
                        switch (p.substituteSingleUseSymbolInExpr(index.target, ref, replacement, replacement_can_be_removed)) {
                            .continue_ => {},
                            .success => |result| {
                                index.target = result;
                                return .{ .success = expr };
                            },
                            .failure => |result| {
                                index.target = result;
                                return .{ .failure = expr };
                            },
                        }

                        // Do not substitute our unconditionally-executed value into a branch
                        // unless the value itself has no side effects
                        if (replacement_can_be_removed or index.optional_chain == null) {
                            switch (p.substituteSingleUseSymbolInExpr(index.index, ref, replacement, replacement_can_be_removed)) {
                                .continue_ => {},
                                .success => |result| {
                                    index.index = result;
                                    return .{ .success = expr };
                                },
                                .failure => |result| {
                                    index.index = result;
                                    return .{ .failure = expr };
                                },
                            }
                        }
                    },

                    .e_call => |e| {
                        // Don't substitute something into a call target that could change "this"
                        switch (replacement.data) {
                            .e_dot, .e_index => {
                                if (e.target.data == .e_identifier and e.target.data.e_identifier.ref.eql(ref)) {
                                    break :outer;
                                }
                            },
                            else => {},
                        }

                        switch (p.substituteSingleUseSymbolInExpr(e.target, ref, replacement, replacement_can_be_removed)) {
                            .continue_ => {},
                            .success => |result| {
                                e.target = result;
                                return .{ .success = expr };
                            },
                            .failure => |result| {
                                e.target = result;
                                return .{ .failure = expr };
                            },
                        }

                        // Do not substitute our unconditionally-executed value into a branch
                        // unless the value itself has no side effects
                        if (replacement_can_be_removed or e.optional_chain == null) {
                            for (e.args.slice()) |*arg| {
                                switch (p.substituteSingleUseSymbolInExpr(arg.*, ref, replacement, replacement_can_be_removed)) {
                                    .continue_ => {},
                                    .success => |result| {
                                        arg.* = result;
                                        return .{ .success = expr };
                                    },
                                    .failure => |result| {
                                        arg.* = result;
                                        return .{ .failure = expr };
                                    },
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    },

                    .e_array => |e| {
                        for (e.items.slice()) |*item| {
                            switch (p.substituteSingleUseSymbolInExpr(item.*, ref, replacement, replacement_can_be_removed)) {
                                .continue_ => {},
                                .success => |result| {
                                    item.* = result;
                                    return .{ .success = expr };
                                },
                                .failure => |result| {
                                    item.* = result;
                                    return .{ .failure = expr };
                                },
                            }
                        }
                    },

                    .e_object => |e| {
                        for (e.properties.slice()) |*property| {
                            // Check the key

                            if (property.flags.contains(.is_computed)) {
                                switch (p.substituteSingleUseSymbolInExpr(property.key.?, ref, replacement, replacement_can_be_removed)) {
                                    .continue_ => {},
                                    .success => |result| {
                                        property.key = result;
                                        return .{ .success = expr };
                                    },
                                    .failure => |result| {
                                        property.key = result;
                                        return .{ .failure = expr };
                                    },
                                }

                                // Stop now because both computed keys and property spread have side effects
                                return .{ .failure = expr };
                            }

                            // Check the value
                            if (property.value) |value| {
                                switch (p.substituteSingleUseSymbolInExpr(value, ref, replacement, replacement_can_be_removed)) {
                                    .continue_ => {},
                                    .success => |result| {
                                        if (result.data == .e_missing) {
                                            property.value = null;
                                        } else {
                                            property.value = result;
                                        }
                                        return .{ .success = expr };
                                    },
                                    .failure => |result| {
                                        if (result.data == .e_missing) {
                                            property.value = null;
                                        } else {
                                            property.value = result;
                                        }
                                        return .{ .failure = expr };
                                    },
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    },

                    .e_template => |e| {
                        if (e.tag) |*tag| {
                            switch (p.substituteSingleUseSymbolInExpr(tag.*, ref, replacement, replacement_can_be_removed)) {
                                .continue_ => {},
                                .success => |result| {
                                    tag.* = result;
                                    return .{ .success = expr };
                                },
                                .failure => |result| {
                                    tag.* = result;
                                    return .{ .failure = expr };
                                },
                            }
                        }

                        for (e.parts) |*part| {
                            switch (p.substituteSingleUseSymbolInExpr(part.value, ref, replacement, replacement_can_be_removed)) {
                                .continue_ => {},
                                .success => |result| {
                                    part.value = result;

                                    // todo: mangle template parts

                                    return .{ .success = expr };
                                },
                                .failure => |result| {
                                    part.value = result;
                                    return .{ .failure = expr };
                                },
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    else => {},
                }
            }

            // If both the replacement and this expression have no observable side
            // effects, then we can reorder the replacement past this expression
            if (replacement_can_be_removed and p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnused(&expr)) {
                return .{ .continue_ = expr };
            }

            const tag: Expr.Tag = @as(Expr.Tag, expr.data);

            // We can always reorder past primitive values
            if (tag.isPrimitiveLiteral()) {
                return .{ .continue_ = expr };
            }

            // Otherwise we should stop trying to substitute past this point
            return .{ .failure = expr };
        }

        pub fn prepareForVisitPass(noalias p: *P) anyerror!void {
            {
                var i: usize = 0;
                p.scope_order_to_visit = try p.allocator.alloc(ScopeOrder, p.scopes_in_order.items.len);
                for (p.scopes_in_order.items) |item| {
                    if (item) |_item| {
                        p.scope_order_to_visit[i] = _item;
                        i += 1;
                    }
                }
                p.scope_order_to_visit.len = i;
            }

            p.is_file_considered_to_have_esm_exports =
                !p.top_level_await_keyword.isEmpty() or !p.esm_export_keyword.isEmpty() or
                p.options.module_type == .esm;

            try p.pushScopeForVisitPass(js_ast.Scope.Kind.entry, locModuleScope);
            p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit.is_outside_fn_or_arrow = true;
            p.module_scope = p.current_scope;
            p.has_es_module_syntax = p.has_es_module_syntax or p.esm_import_keyword.len > 0 or p.esm_export_keyword.len > 0 or p.top_level_await_keyword.len > 0;

            if (p.lexer.jsx_pragma.jsx()) |factory| {
                p.options.jsx.factory = options.JSX.Pragma.memberListToComponentsIfDifferent(p.allocator, p.options.jsx.factory, factory.text) catch unreachable;
            }

            if (p.lexer.jsx_pragma.jsxFrag()) |fragment| {
                p.options.jsx.fragment = options.JSX.Pragma.memberListToComponentsIfDifferent(p.allocator, p.options.jsx.fragment, fragment.text) catch unreachable;
            }

            if (p.lexer.jsx_pragma.jsxImportSource()) |import_source| {
                p.options.jsx.classic_import_source = import_source.text;
                p.options.jsx.package_name = p.options.jsx.classic_import_source;
                p.options.jsx.setImportSource(p.allocator);
            }

            if (p.lexer.jsx_pragma.jsxRuntime()) |runtime| {
                if (options.JSX.RuntimeMap.get(runtime.text)) |jsx_runtime| {
                    p.options.jsx.runtime = jsx_runtime.runtime;
                    if (jsx_runtime.development) |dev| {
                        p.options.jsx.development = dev;
                    }
                } else {
                    // make this a warning instead of an error because we don't support "preserve" right now
                    try p.log.addRangeWarningFmt(p.source, runtime.range, p.allocator, "Unsupported JSX runtime: \"{s}\"", .{runtime.text});
                }
            }

            // ECMAScript modules are always interpreted as strict mode. This has to be
            // done before "hoistSymbols" because strict mode can alter hoisting (!).
            if (p.esm_import_keyword.len > 0) {
                p.module_scope.recursiveSetStrictMode(js_ast.StrictModeKind.implicit_strict_mode_import);
            } else if (p.esm_export_keyword.len > 0) {
                p.module_scope.recursiveSetStrictMode(js_ast.StrictModeKind.implicit_strict_mode_export);
            } else if (p.top_level_await_keyword.len > 0) {
                p.module_scope.recursiveSetStrictMode(js_ast.StrictModeKind.implicit_strict_mode_top_level_await);
            }

            p.hoistSymbols(p.module_scope);

            var generated_symbols_count: u32 = 3;

            if (p.options.features.react_fast_refresh) {
                generated_symbols_count += 3;
            }

            if (is_jsx_enabled) {
                generated_symbols_count += 7;

                if (p.options.jsx.development) generated_symbols_count += 1;
            }

            try p.module_scope.generated.ensureUnusedCapacity(p.allocator, generated_symbols_count * 3);
            try p.module_scope.members.ensureUnusedCapacity(p.allocator, generated_symbols_count * 3 + p.module_scope.members.count());

            p.exports_ref = try p.declareCommonJSSymbol(.hoisted, "exports");
            p.module_ref = try p.declareCommonJSSymbol(.hoisted, "module");

            p.require_ref = try p.declareCommonJSSymbol(.unbound, "require");
            p.dirname_ref = try p.declareCommonJSSymbol(.unbound, "__dirname");
            p.filename_ref = try p.declareCommonJSSymbol(.unbound, "__filename");

            if (p.options.features.inject_jest_globals) {
                p.jest.describe = try p.declareCommonJSSymbol(.unbound, "describe");
                p.jest.@"test" = try p.declareCommonJSSymbol(.unbound, "test");
                p.jest.jest = try p.declareCommonJSSymbol(.unbound, "jest");
                p.jest.it = try p.declareCommonJSSymbol(.unbound, "it");
                p.jest.expect = try p.declareCommonJSSymbol(.unbound, "expect");
                p.jest.beforeEach = try p.declareCommonJSSymbol(.unbound, "beforeEach");
                p.jest.afterEach = try p.declareCommonJSSymbol(.unbound, "afterEach");
                p.jest.beforeAll = try p.declareCommonJSSymbol(.unbound, "beforeAll");
                p.jest.afterAll = try p.declareCommonJSSymbol(.unbound, "afterAll");
            }

            if (p.options.features.react_fast_refresh) {
                p.react_refresh.create_signature_ref = try p.declareGeneratedSymbol(.other, "$RefreshSig$");
                p.react_refresh.register_ref = try p.declareGeneratedSymbol(.other, "$RefreshReg$");
            }

            switch (p.options.features.server_components) {
                .none, .client_side => {},
                .wrap_exports_for_client_reference => {
                    p.server_components_wrap_ref = try p.declareGeneratedSymbol(.other, "registerClientReference");
                },
                // TODO: these wrapping modes.
                .wrap_anon_server_functions => {},
                .wrap_exports_for_server_reference => {},
            }

            if (p.options.features.hot_module_reloading) {
                p.hmr_api_ref = try p.declareCommonJSSymbol(.unbound, "hmr");
            }
        }

        fn ensureRequireSymbol(p: *P) void {
            if (p.runtime_imports.__require != null) return;
            const static_symbol = generatedSymbolName("__require");
            p.runtime_imports.__require = declareSymbolMaybeGenerated(p, .other, logger.Loc.Empty, static_symbol, true) catch bun.outOfMemory();
            p.runtime_imports.put("__require", p.runtime_imports.__require.?);
        }

        pub fn resolveCommonJSSymbols(p: *P) void {
            if (!p.options.features.allow_runtime)
                return;

            p.ensureRequireSymbol();
        }

        fn willUseRenamer(p: *P) bool {
            return p.options.bundle or p.options.features.minify_identifiers;
        }

        fn hoistSymbols(noalias p: *P, scope: *js_ast.Scope) void {
            if (!scope.kindStopsHoisting()) {
                var iter = scope.members.iterator();
                const allocator = p.allocator;
                var symbols = p.symbols.items;

                defer {
                    if (comptime Environment.allow_assert) {
                        // we call `.newSymbol` in this function
                        // we need to avoid using a potentially re-sized array
                        // so we assert that the array is in sync
                        assert(symbols.ptr == p.symbols.items.ptr);
                        assert(symbols.len == p.symbols.items.len);
                    }
                }

                // Check for collisions that would prevent to hoisting "var" symbols up to the enclosing function scope
                if (scope.parent) |parent_scope| {
                    nextMember: while (iter.next()) |res| {
                        var value = res.value_ptr.*;
                        var symbol: *Symbol = &symbols[value.ref.innerIndex()];

                        const name = symbol.original_name;
                        var hash: ?u64 = null;

                        if (parent_scope.kind == .catch_binding and symbol.kind != .hoisted) {
                            hash = Scope.getMemberHash(name);
                            if (parent_scope.getMemberWithHash(name, hash.?)) |existing_member| {
                                p.log.addSymbolAlreadyDeclaredError(
                                    p.allocator,
                                    p.source,
                                    symbol.original_name,
                                    value.loc,
                                    existing_member.loc,
                                ) catch unreachable;
                                continue;
                            }
                        }

                        if (!symbol.isHoisted()) {
                            continue;
                        }

                        var __scope = scope.parent;
                        if (comptime Environment.allow_assert)
                            assert(__scope != null);

                        var is_sloppy_mode_block_level_fn_stmt = false;
                        const original_member_ref = value.ref;

                        if (p.willUseRenamer() and symbol.kind == .hoisted_function) {
                            // Block-level function declarations behave like "let" in strict mode
                            if (scope.strict_mode != .sloppy_mode) {
                                continue;
                            }

                            // In sloppy mode, block level functions behave like "let" except with
                            // an assignment to "var", sort of. This code:
                            //
                            //   if (x) {
                            //     f();
                            //     function f() {}
                            //   }
                            //   f();
                            //
                            // behaves like this code:
                            //
                            //   if (x) {
                            //     let f2 = function() {}
                            //     var f = f2;
                            //     f2();
                            //   }
                            //   f();
                            //
                            const hoisted_ref = p.newSymbol(.hoisted, symbol.original_name) catch unreachable;
                            symbols = p.symbols.items;
                            scope.generated.push(p.allocator, hoisted_ref) catch unreachable;
                            p.hoisted_ref_for_sloppy_mode_block_fn.put(p.allocator, value.ref, hoisted_ref) catch unreachable;
                            value.ref = hoisted_ref;
                            symbol = &symbols[hoisted_ref.innerIndex()];
                            is_sloppy_mode_block_level_fn_stmt = true;
                        }

                        if (hash == null) hash = Scope.getMemberHash(name);

                        while (__scope) |_scope| {
                            const scope_kind = _scope.kind;

                            // Variable declarations hoisted past a "with" statement may actually end
                            // up overwriting a property on the target of the "with" statement instead
                            // of initializing the variable. We must not rename them or we risk
                            // causing a behavior change.
                            //
                            //   var obj = { foo: 1 }
                            //   with (obj) { var foo = 2 }
                            //   assert(foo === undefined)
                            //   assert(obj.foo === 2)
                            //
                            if (scope_kind == .with) {
                                symbol.must_not_be_renamed = true;
                            }

                            if (_scope.getMemberWithHash(name, hash.?)) |member_in_scope| {
                                var existing_symbol: *Symbol = &symbols[member_in_scope.ref.innerIndex()];
                                const existing_kind = existing_symbol.kind;

                                // We can hoist the symbol from the child scope into the symbol in
                                // this scope if:
                                //
                                //   - The symbol is unbound (i.e. a global variable access)
                                //   - The symbol is also another hoisted variable
                                //   - The symbol is a function of any kind and we're in a function or module scope
                                //
                                // Is this unbound (i.e. a global access) or also hoisted?
                                if (existing_kind == .unbound or existing_kind == .hoisted or
                                    (Symbol.isKindFunction(existing_kind) and (scope_kind == .entry or scope_kind == .function_body)))
                                {
                                    // Silently merge this symbol into the existing symbol
                                    symbol.link = member_in_scope.ref;
                                    const entry = _scope.getOrPutMemberWithHash(p.allocator, name, hash.?) catch unreachable;
                                    entry.value_ptr.* = member_in_scope;
                                    entry.key_ptr.* = name;
                                    continue :nextMember;
                                }

                                // Otherwise if this isn't a catch identifier, it's a collision
                                if (existing_kind != .catch_identifier and existing_kind != .arguments) {

                                    // An identifier binding from a catch statement and a function
                                    // declaration can both silently shadow another hoisted symbol
                                    if (symbol.kind != .catch_identifier and symbol.kind != .hoisted_function) {
                                        if (!is_sloppy_mode_block_level_fn_stmt) {
                                            const r = js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, value.loc);
                                            var notes = allocator.alloc(logger.Data, 1) catch unreachable;
                                            notes[0] =
                                                logger.rangeData(
                                                    p.source,
                                                    r,
                                                    std.fmt.allocPrint(
                                                        allocator,
                                                        "{s} was originally declared here",
                                                        .{name},
                                                    ) catch unreachable,
                                                );

                                            p.log.addRangeErrorFmtWithNotes(p.source, js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, member_in_scope.loc), allocator, notes, "{s} has already been declared", .{name}) catch unreachable;
                                        } else if (_scope == scope.parent) {
                                            // Never mind about this, turns out it's not needed after all
                                            _ = p.hoisted_ref_for_sloppy_mode_block_fn.remove(original_member_ref);
                                        }
                                    }
                                    continue :nextMember;
                                }

                                // If this is a catch identifier, silently merge the existing symbol
                                // into this symbol but continue hoisting past this catch scope
                                existing_symbol.link = value.ref;
                                const entry = _scope.getOrPutMemberWithHash(p.allocator, name, hash.?) catch unreachable;
                                entry.value_ptr.* = value;
                                entry.key_ptr.* = name;
                            }

                            if (_scope.kindStopsHoisting()) {
                                const entry = _scope.getOrPutMemberWithHash(allocator, name, hash.?) catch unreachable;
                                entry.value_ptr.* = value;
                                entry.key_ptr.* = name;
                                break;
                            }

                            __scope = _scope.parent;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            {
                const children = scope.children.slice();
                for (children) |child| {
                    p.hoistSymbols(child);
                }
            }
        }

        inline fn nextScopeInOrderForVisitPass(p: *P) ScopeOrder {
            const head = p.scope_order_to_visit[0];
            p.scope_order_to_visit = p.scope_order_to_visit[1..p.scope_order_to_visit.len];
            return head;
        }

        fn pushScopeForVisitPass(noalias p: *P, kind: js_ast.Scope.Kind, loc: logger.Loc) anyerror!void {
            const order = p.nextScopeInOrderForVisitPass();

            // Sanity-check that the scopes generated by the first and second passes match
            if (bun.Environment.allow_assert and
                order.loc.start != loc.start or order.scope.kind != kind)
            {
                p.log.level = .verbose;

                p.log.addDebugFmt(p.source, loc, p.allocator, "Expected this scope (.{s})", .{@tagName(kind)}) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                p.log.addDebugFmt(p.source, order.loc, p.allocator, "Found this scope (.{s})", .{@tagName(order.scope.kind)}) catch bun.outOfMemory();

                p.panic("Scope mismatch while visiting", .{});
            }

            p.current_scope = order.scope;

            try p.scopes_for_current_part.append(p.allocator, order.scope);
        }

        fn pushScopeForParsePass(noalias p: *P, comptime kind: js_ast.Scope.Kind, loc: logger.Loc) !usize {
            var parent: *Scope = p.current_scope;
            const allocator = p.allocator;
            var scope = try allocator.create(Scope);

            scope.* = Scope{
                .kind = kind,
                .label_ref = null,
                .parent = parent,
                .generated = .{},
            };

            try parent.children.push(allocator, scope);
            scope.strict_mode = parent.strict_mode;

            p.current_scope = scope;

            if (comptime kind == .with) {
                // "with" statements change the default from ESModule to CommonJS at runtime.
                // "with" statements are not allowed in strict mode.
                if (p.options.features.commonjs_at_runtime) {
                    p.has_with_scope = true;
                }
            }

            if (comptime Environment.isDebug) {
                // Enforce that scope locations are strictly increasing to help catch bugs
                // where the pushed scopes are mismatched between the first and second passes
                if (p.scopes_in_order.items.len > 0) {
                    var last_i = p.scopes_in_order.items.len - 1;
                    while (p.scopes_in_order.items[last_i] == null and last_i > 0) {
                        last_i -= 1;
                    }

                    if (p.scopes_in_order.items[last_i]) |prev_scope| {
                        if (prev_scope.loc.start >= loc.start) {
                            p.log.level = .verbose;
                            p.log.addDebugFmt(p.source, prev_scope.loc, p.allocator, "Previous Scope", .{}) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                            p.log.addDebugFmt(p.source, loc, p.allocator, "Next Scope", .{}) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                            p.panic("Scope location {d} must be greater than {d}", .{ loc.start, prev_scope.loc.start });
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            // Copy down function arguments into the function body scope. That way we get
            // errors if a statement in the function body tries to re-declare any of the
            // arguments.
            if (comptime kind == js_ast.Scope.Kind.function_body) {
                if (comptime Environment.allow_assert)
                    assert(parent.kind == js_ast.Scope.Kind.function_args);

                var iter = scope.parent.?.members.iterator();
                while (iter.next()) |entry| {
                    // Don't copy down the optional function expression name. Re-declaring
                    // the name of a function expression is allowed.
                    const value = entry.value_ptr.*;
                    const adjacent_kind = p.symbols.items[value.ref.innerIndex()].kind;
                    if (adjacent_kind != .hoisted_function) {
                        try scope.members.put(allocator, entry.key_ptr.*, value);
                    }
                }
            }

            // Remember the length in case we call popAndDiscardScope() later
            const scope_index = p.scopes_in_order.items.len;
            try p.scopes_in_order.append(allocator, ScopeOrder{ .loc = loc, .scope = scope });
            // Output.print("\nLoc: {d}\n", .{loc.start});
            return scope_index;
        }

        // Note: do not write to "p.log" in this function. Any errors due to conversion
        // from expression to binding should be written to "invalidLog" instead. That
        // way we can potentially keep this as an expression if it turns out it's not
        // needed as a binding after all.
        fn convertExprToBinding(noalias p: *P, expr: ExprNodeIndex, invalid_loc: *LocList) ?Binding {
            switch (expr.data) {
                .e_missing => {
                    return null;
                },
                .e_identifier => |ex| {
                    return p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = ex.ref }, expr.loc);
                },
                .e_array => |ex| {
                    if (ex.comma_after_spread) |spread| {
                        invalid_loc.append(.{
                            .loc = spread,
                            .kind = .spread,
                        }) catch unreachable;
                    }

                    if (ex.is_parenthesized) {
                        invalid_loc.append(.{
                            .loc = p.source.rangeOfOperatorBefore(expr.loc, "(").loc,
                            .kind = .parentheses,
                        }) catch unreachable;
                    }

                    // p.markSyntaxFeature(Destructing)
                    var items = List(js_ast.ArrayBinding).initCapacity(p.allocator, ex.items.len) catch unreachable;
                    var is_spread = false;
                    for (ex.items.slice(), 0..) |_, i| {
                        var item = ex.items.ptr[i];
                        if (item.data == .e_spread) {
                            is_spread = true;
                            item = item.data.e_spread.value;
                        }
                        const res = p.convertExprToBindingAndInitializer(&item, invalid_loc, is_spread);

                        items.appendAssumeCapacity(js_ast.ArrayBinding{
                            // It's valid for it to be missing
                            // An example:
                            //      Promise.all(promises).then(([, len]) => true);
                            //                                   ^ Binding is missing there
                            .binding = res.binding orelse p.b(B.Missing{}, item.loc),
                            .default_value = res.expr,
                        });
                    }

                    return p.b(B.Array{
                        .items = items.items,
                        .has_spread = is_spread,
                        .is_single_line = ex.is_single_line,
                    }, expr.loc);
                },
                .e_object => |ex| {
                    if (ex.comma_after_spread) |sp| {
                        invalid_loc.append(.{ .loc = sp, .kind = .spread }) catch unreachable;
                    }

                    if (ex.is_parenthesized) {
                        invalid_loc.append(.{ .loc = p.source.rangeOfOperatorBefore(expr.loc, "(").loc, .kind = .parentheses }) catch unreachable;
                    }
                    // p.markSyntaxFeature(compat.Destructuring, p.source.RangeOfOperatorAfter(expr.Loc, "{"))

                    var properties = List(B.Property).initCapacity(p.allocator, ex.properties.len) catch unreachable;
                    for (ex.properties.slice()) |*item| {
                        if (item.flags.contains(.is_method) or item.kind == .get or item.kind == .set) {
                            invalid_loc.append(.{
                                .loc = item.key.?.loc,
                                .kind = if (item.flags.contains(.is_method))
                                    InvalidLoc.Tag.method
                                else if (item.kind == .get)
                                    InvalidLoc.Tag.getter
                                else
                                    InvalidLoc.Tag.setter,
                            }) catch unreachable;
                            continue;
                        }
                        const value = &item.value.?;
                        const tup = p.convertExprToBindingAndInitializer(value, invalid_loc, false);
                        const initializer = tup.expr orelse item.initializer;
                        const is_spread = item.kind == .spread or item.flags.contains(.is_spread);
                        properties.appendAssumeCapacity(B.Property{
                            .flags = Flags.Property.init(.{
                                .is_spread = is_spread,
                                .is_computed = item.flags.contains(.is_computed),
                            }),
                            .key = item.key orelse p.newExpr(E.Missing{}, expr.loc),
                            .value = tup.binding orelse p.b(B.Missing{}, expr.loc),
                            .default_value = initializer,
                        });
                    }

                    return p.b(B.Object{
                        .properties = properties.items,
                        .is_single_line = ex.is_single_line,
                    }, expr.loc);
                },
                else => {
                    invalid_loc.append(.{ .loc = expr.loc, .kind = .unknown }) catch unreachable;
                    return null;
                },
            }

            return null;
        }

        fn convertExprToBindingAndInitializer(noalias p: *P, _expr: *ExprNodeIndex, invalid_log: *LocList, is_spread: bool) ExprBindingTuple {
            var initializer: ?ExprNodeIndex = null;
            var expr = _expr;
            // zig syntax is sometimes painful
            switch (expr.*.data) {
                .e_binary => |bin| {
                    if (bin.op == .bin_assign) {
                        initializer = bin.right;
                        expr = &bin.left;
                    }
                },
                else => {},
            }

            const bind = p.convertExprToBinding(expr.*, invalid_log);
            if (initializer) |initial| {
                const equalsRange = p.source.rangeOfOperatorBefore(initial.loc, "=");
                if (is_spread) {
                    p.log.addRangeError(p.source, equalsRange, "A rest argument cannot have a default initializer") catch unreachable;
                } else {
                    // p.markSyntaxFeature();
                }
            }
            return ExprBindingTuple{ .binding = bind, .expr = initializer };
        }

        const BinaryExpressionVisitor = struct {
            e: *E.Binary,
            loc: logger.Loc,
            in: ExprIn,

            /// Input for visiting the left child
            left_in: ExprIn,

            /// "Local variables" passed from "checkAndPrepare" to "visitRightAndFinish"
            is_stmt_expr: bool = false,

            pub fn visitRightAndFinish(
                v: *BinaryExpressionVisitor,
                p: *P,
            ) Expr {
                var e_ = v.e;
                const is_call_target = @as(Expr.Tag, p.call_target) == .e_binary and e_ == p.call_target.e_binary;
                // const is_stmt_expr = @as(Expr.Tag, p.stmt_expr_value) == .e_binary and expr.data.e_binary == p.stmt_expr_value.e_binary;
                const was_anonymous_named_expr = e_.right.isAnonymousNamed();

                // Mark the control flow as dead if the branch is never taken
                switch (e_.op) {
                    .bin_logical_or => {
                        const side_effects = SideEffects.toBoolean(p, e_.left.data);
                        if (side_effects.ok and side_effects.value) {
                            // "true || dead"
                            const old = p.is_control_flow_dead;
                            p.is_control_flow_dead = true;
                            e_.right = p.visitExpr(e_.right);
                            p.is_control_flow_dead = old;
                        } else {
                            e_.right = p.visitExpr(e_.right);
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_logical_and => {
                        const side_effects = SideEffects.toBoolean(p, e_.left.data);
                        if (side_effects.ok and !side_effects.value) {
                            // "false && dead"
                            const old = p.is_control_flow_dead;
                            p.is_control_flow_dead = true;
                            e_.right = p.visitExpr(e_.right);
                            p.is_control_flow_dead = old;
                        } else {
                            e_.right = p.visitExpr(e_.right);
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_nullish_coalescing => {
                        const side_effects = SideEffects.toNullOrUndefined(p, e_.left.data);
                        if (side_effects.ok and !side_effects.value) {
                            // "notNullOrUndefined ?? dead"
                            const old = p.is_control_flow_dead;
                            p.is_control_flow_dead = true;
                            e_.right = p.visitExpr(e_.right);
                            p.is_control_flow_dead = old;
                        } else {
                            e_.right = p.visitExpr(e_.right);
                        }
                    },
                    else => {
                        e_.right = p.visitExpr(e_.right);
                    },
                }

                // Always put constants on the right for equality comparisons to help
                // reduce the number of cases we have to check during pattern matching. We
                // can only reorder expressions that do not have any side effects.
                switch (e_.op) {
                    .bin_loose_eq, .bin_loose_ne, .bin_strict_eq, .bin_strict_ne => {
                        if (SideEffects.isPrimitiveToReorder(e_.left.data) and !SideEffects.isPrimitiveToReorder(e_.right.data)) {
                            const _left = e_.left;
                            const _right = e_.right;
                            e_.left = _right;
                            e_.right = _left;
                        }
                    },
                    else => {},
                }

                switch (e_.op) {
                    .bin_comma => {
                        // "(1, 2)" => "2"
                        // "(sideEffects(), 2)" => "(sideEffects(), 2)"
                        if (p.options.features.minify_syntax) {
                            e_.left = SideEffects.simplifyUnusedExpr(p, e_.left) orelse return e_.right;
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_loose_eq => {
                        const equality = e_.left.data.eql(e_.right.data, p, .loose);
                        if (equality.ok) {
                            if (equality.is_require_main_and_module) {
                                p.ignoreUsageOfRuntimeRequire();
                                p.ignoreUsage(p.module_ref);
                                return p.valueForImportMetaMain(false, v.loc);
                            }

                            return p.newExpr(
                                E.Boolean{ .value = equality.equal },
                                v.loc,
                            );
                        }

                        if (p.options.features.minify_syntax) {
                            // "x == void 0" => "x == null"
                            if (e_.left.data == .e_undefined) {
                                e_.left.data = .{ .e_null = E.Null{} };
                            } else if (e_.right.data == .e_undefined) {
                                e_.right.data = .{ .e_null = E.Null{} };
                            }
                        }

                        // const after_op_loc = locAfterOp(e_.);
                        // TODO: warn about equality check
                        // TODO: warn about typeof string

                    },
                    .bin_strict_eq => {
                        const equality = e_.left.data.eql(e_.right.data, p, .strict);
                        if (equality.ok) {
                            if (equality.is_require_main_and_module) {
                                p.ignoreUsage(p.module_ref);
                                p.ignoreUsageOfRuntimeRequire();
                                return p.valueForImportMetaMain(false, v.loc);
                            }

                            return p.newExpr(E.Boolean{ .value = equality.equal }, v.loc);
                        }

                        // const after_op_loc = locAfterOp(e_.);
                        // TODO: warn about equality check
                        // TODO: warn about typeof string
                    },
                    .bin_loose_ne => {
                        const equality = e_.left.data.eql(e_.right.data, p, .loose);
                        if (equality.ok) {
                            if (equality.is_require_main_and_module) {
                                p.ignoreUsage(p.module_ref);
                                p.ignoreUsageOfRuntimeRequire();
                                return p.valueForImportMetaMain(true, v.loc);
                            }

                            return p.newExpr(E.Boolean{ .value = !equality.equal }, v.loc);
                        }
                        // const after_op_loc = locAfterOp(e_.);
                        // TODO: warn about equality check
                        // TODO: warn about typeof string

                        // "x != void 0" => "x != null"
                        if (@as(Expr.Tag, e_.right.data) == .e_undefined) {
                            e_.right = p.newExpr(E.Null{}, e_.right.loc);
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_strict_ne => {
                        const equality = e_.left.data.eql(e_.right.data, p, .strict);
                        if (equality.ok) {
                            if (equality.is_require_main_and_module) {
                                p.ignoreUsage(p.module_ref);
                                p.ignoreUsageOfRuntimeRequire();
                                return p.valueForImportMetaMain(true, v.loc);
                            }

                            return p.newExpr(E.Boolean{ .value = !equality.equal }, v.loc);
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_nullish_coalescing => {
                        const nullorUndefined = SideEffects.toNullOrUndefined(p, e_.left.data);
                        if (nullorUndefined.ok) {
                            if (!nullorUndefined.value) {
                                return e_.left;
                            } else if (nullorUndefined.side_effects == .no_side_effects) {
                                // "(null ?? fn)()" => "fn()"
                                // "(null ?? this.fn)" => "this.fn"
                                // "(null ?? this.fn)()" => "(0, this.fn)()"
                                if (is_call_target and e_.right.hasValueForThisInCall()) {
                                    return Expr.joinWithComma(Expr{ .data = .{ .e_number = .{ .value = 0.0 } }, .loc = e_.left.loc }, e_.right, p.allocator);
                                }

                                return e_.right;
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_logical_or => {
                        const side_effects = SideEffects.toBoolean(p, e_.left.data);
                        if (side_effects.ok and side_effects.value) {
                            return e_.left;
                        } else if (side_effects.ok and side_effects.side_effects == .no_side_effects) {
                            // "(0 || fn)()" => "fn()"
                            // "(0 || this.fn)" => "this.fn"
                            // "(0 || this.fn)()" => "(0, this.fn)()"
                            if (is_call_target and e_.right.hasValueForThisInCall()) {
                                return Expr.joinWithComma(Expr{ .data = Prefill.Data.Zero, .loc = e_.left.loc }, e_.right, p.allocator);
                            }

                            return e_.right;
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_logical_and => {
                        const side_effects = SideEffects.toBoolean(p, e_.left.data);
                        if (side_effects.ok) {
                            if (!side_effects.value) {
                                return e_.left;
                            } else if (side_effects.side_effects == .no_side_effects) {
                                // "(1 && fn)()" => "fn()"
                                // "(1 && this.fn)" => "this.fn"
                                // "(1 && this.fn)()" => "(0, this.fn)()"
                                if (is_call_target and e_.right.hasValueForThisInCall()) {
                                    return Expr.joinWithComma(Expr{ .data = Prefill.Data.Zero, .loc = e_.left.loc }, e_.right, p.allocator);
                                }

                                return e_.right;
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_add => {
                        if (p.should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions) {
                            if (Expr.extractNumericValues(e_.left.data, e_.right.data)) |vals| {
                                return p.newExpr(E.Number{ .value = vals[0] + vals[1] }, v.loc);
                            }

                            // "'abc' + 'xyz'" => "'abcxyz'"
                            if (foldStringAddition(e_.left, e_.right, p.allocator, .normal)) |res| {
                                return res;
                            }

                            // "(x + 'abc') + 'xyz'" => "'abcxyz'"
                            if (e_.left.data.as(.e_binary)) |left| {
                                if (left.op == .bin_add) {
                                    if (foldStringAddition(left.right, e_.right, p.allocator, .nested_left)) |result| {
                                        return p.newExpr(E.Binary{
                                            .left = left.left,
                                            .right = result,
                                            .op = .bin_add,
                                        }, e_.left.loc);
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_sub => {
                        if (p.should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions) {
                            if (Expr.extractNumericValues(e_.left.data, e_.right.data)) |vals| {
                                return p.newExpr(E.Number{ .value = vals[0] - vals[1] }, v.loc);
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_mul => {
                        if (p.should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions) {
                            if (Expr.extractNumericValues(e_.left.data, e_.right.data)) |vals| {
                                return p.newExpr(E.Number{ .value = vals[0] * vals[1] }, v.loc);
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_div => {
                        if (p.should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions) {
                            if (Expr.extractNumericValues(e_.left.data, e_.right.data)) |vals| {
                                return p.newExpr(E.Number{ .value = vals[0] / vals[1] }, v.loc);
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_rem => {
                        if (p.should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions) {
                            if (Expr.extractNumericValues(e_.left.data, e_.right.data)) |vals| {
                                const fmod = @extern(*const fn (f64, f64) callconv(.C) f64, .{ .name = "fmod" });
                                return p.newExpr(
                                    // Use libc fmod here to be consistent with what JavaScriptCore does
                                    // https://github.com/oven-sh/WebKit/blob/7a0b13626e5db69aa5a32d037431d381df5dfb61/Source/JavaScriptCore/runtime/MathCommon.cpp#L574-L597
                                    E.Number{ .value = if (comptime Environment.isNative) fmod(vals[0], vals[1]) else std.math.mod(f64, vals[0], vals[1]) catch 0 },
                                    v.loc,
                                );
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_pow => {
                        if (p.should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions) {
                            if (Expr.extractNumericValues(e_.left.data, e_.right.data)) |vals| {
                                return p.newExpr(E.Number{ .value = JSC.math.pow(vals[0], vals[1]) }, v.loc);
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_shl => {
                        if (p.should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions) {
                            if (Expr.extractNumericValues(e_.left.data, e_.right.data)) |vals| {
                                const left = floatToInt32(vals[0]);
                                const right: u8 = @intCast(@as(u32, @bitCast(floatToInt32(vals[1]))) % 32);
                                const result: i32 = @bitCast(std.math.shl(i32, left, right));
                                return p.newExpr(E.Number{
                                    .value = @floatFromInt(result),
                                }, v.loc);
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_shr => {
                        if (p.should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions) {
                            if (Expr.extractNumericValues(e_.left.data, e_.right.data)) |vals| {
                                const left = floatToInt32(vals[0]);
                                const right: u8 = @intCast(@as(u32, @bitCast(floatToInt32(vals[1]))) % 32);
                                const result: i32 = @bitCast(std.math.shr(i32, left, right));
                                return p.newExpr(E.Number{
                                    .value = @floatFromInt(result),
                                }, v.loc);
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_u_shr => {
                        if (p.should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions) {
                            if (Expr.extractNumericValues(e_.left.data, e_.right.data)) |vals| {
                                const left: u32 = @bitCast(floatToInt32(vals[0]));
                                const right: u8 = @intCast(@as(u32, @bitCast(floatToInt32(vals[1]))) % 32);
                                const result: u32 = std.math.shr(u32, left, right);
                                return p.newExpr(E.Number{
                                    .value = @floatFromInt(result),
                                }, v.loc);
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_bitwise_and => {
                        if (p.should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions) {
                            if (Expr.extractNumericValues(e_.left.data, e_.right.data)) |vals| {
                                return p.newExpr(E.Number{
                                    .value = @floatFromInt((floatToInt32(vals[0]) & floatToInt32(vals[1]))),
                                }, v.loc);
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_bitwise_or => {
                        if (p.should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions) {
                            if (Expr.extractNumericValues(e_.left.data, e_.right.data)) |vals| {
                                return p.newExpr(E.Number{
                                    .value = @floatFromInt((floatToInt32(vals[0]) | floatToInt32(vals[1]))),
                                }, v.loc);
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_bitwise_xor => {
                        if (p.should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions) {
                            if (Expr.extractNumericValues(e_.left.data, e_.right.data)) |vals| {
                                return p.newExpr(E.Number{
                                    .value = @floatFromInt((floatToInt32(vals[0]) ^ floatToInt32(vals[1]))),
                                }, v.loc);
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    .bin_assign => {
                        // Optionally preserve the name
                        if (e_.left.data == .e_identifier) {
                            e_.right = p.maybeKeepExprSymbolName(e_.right, p.symbols.items[e_.left.data.e_identifier.ref.innerIndex()].original_name, was_anonymous_named_expr);
                        }
                    },
                    .bin_nullish_coalescing_assign, .bin_logical_or_assign => {
                        // Special case `{}.field ??= value` to minify to `value`
                        // This optimization is specifically to target this pattern in HMR:
                        //    `import.meta.hot.data.etc ??= init()`
                        if (e_.left.data.as(.e_dot)) |dot| {
                            if (dot.target.data.as(.e_object)) |obj| {
                                if (obj.properties.len == 0) {
                                    if (!bun.strings.eqlComptime(dot.name, "__proto__"))
                                        return e_.right;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    else => {},
                }

                return Expr{ .loc = v.loc, .data = .{ .e_binary = e_ } };
            }

            pub fn checkAndPrepare(v: *BinaryExpressionVisitor, p: *P) ?Expr {
                var e_ = v.e;
                switch (e_.left.data) {
                    // Special-case private identifiers
                    .e_private_identifier => |_private| {
                        if (e_.op == .bin_in) {
                            var private = _private;
                            const name = p.loadNameFromRef(private.ref);
                            const result = p.findSymbol(e_.left.loc, name) catch unreachable;
                            private.ref = result.ref;

                            // Unlike regular identifiers, there are no unbound private identifiers
                            const kind: Symbol.Kind = p.symbols.items[result.ref.innerIndex()].kind;
                            if (!Symbol.isKindPrivate(kind)) {
                                const r = logger.Range{ .loc = e_.left.loc, .len = @as(i32, @intCast(name.len)) };
                                p.log.addRangeErrorFmt(p.source, r, p.allocator, "Private name \"{s}\" must be declared in an enclosing class", .{name}) catch unreachable;
                            }

                            e_.right = p.visitExpr(e_.right);
                            e_.left = .{ .data = .{ .e_private_identifier = private }, .loc = e_.left.loc };

                            // privateSymbolNeedsToBeLowered
                            return Expr{ .loc = v.loc, .data = .{ .e_binary = e_ } };
                        }
                    },
                    else => {},
                }

                v.is_stmt_expr = p.stmt_expr_value == .e_binary and p.stmt_expr_value.e_binary == e_;

                v.left_in = ExprIn{
                    .assign_target = e_.op.binaryAssignTarget(),
                };

                return null;
            }
        };

        fn forbidLexicalDecl(noalias p: *const P, loc: logger.Loc) anyerror!void {
            try p.log.addError(p.source, loc, "Cannot use a declaration in a single-statement context");
        }

        /// If we attempt to parse TypeScript syntax outside of a TypeScript file
        /// make it a compile error
        inline fn markTypeScriptOnly(noalias _: *const P) void {
            if (comptime !is_typescript_enabled) {
                @compileError("This function can only be used in TypeScript");
            }

            // explicitly mark it as unreachable in the hopes that the function doesn't exist at all
            if (!is_typescript_enabled) {
                unreachable;
            }
        }

        fn logExprErrors(noalias p: *P, noalias errors: *DeferredErrors) void {
            if (errors.invalid_expr_default_value) |r| {
                p.log.addRangeError(
                    p.source,
                    r,
                    "Unexpected \"=\"",
                ) catch unreachable;
            }

            if (errors.invalid_expr_after_question) |r| {
                p.log.addRangeErrorFmt(p.source, r, p.allocator, "Unexpected {s}", .{p.source.contents[r.loc.i()..r.endI()]}) catch unreachable;
            }

            // if (errors.array_spread_feature) |err| {
            //     p.markSyntaxFeature(compat.ArraySpread, errors.arraySpreadFeature)
            // }
        }

        // This assumes the "function" token has already been parsed

        fn parseFnStmt(noalias p: *P, loc: logger.Loc, noalias opts: *ParseStatementOptions, asyncRange: ?logger.Range) !Stmt {
            const is_generator = p.lexer.token == T.t_asterisk;
            const is_async = asyncRange != null;

            if (is_generator) {
                // p.markSyntaxFeature(compat.Generator, p.lexer.Range())
                try p.lexer.next();
            } else if (is_async) {
                // p.markLoweredSyntaxFeature(compat.AsyncAwait, asyncRange, compat.Generator)
            }

            switch (opts.lexical_decl) {
                .forbid => {
                    try p.forbidLexicalDecl(loc);
                },

                // Allow certain function statements in certain single-statement contexts
                .allow_fn_inside_if, .allow_fn_inside_label => {
                    if (opts.is_typescript_declare or is_generator or is_async) {
                        try p.forbidLexicalDecl(loc);
                    }
                },
                else => {},
            }

            var name: ?js_ast.LocRef = null;
            var nameText: string = "";

            // The name is optional for "export default function() {}" pseudo-statements
            if (!opts.is_name_optional or p.lexer.token == T.t_identifier) {
                const nameLoc = p.lexer.loc();
                nameText = p.lexer.identifier;
                try p.lexer.expect(T.t_identifier);
                // Difference
                const ref = try p.newSymbol(Symbol.Kind.other, nameText);
                name = js_ast.LocRef{
                    .loc = nameLoc,
                    .ref = ref,
                };
            }

            // Even anonymous functions can have TypeScript type parameters
            if (is_typescript_enabled) {
                _ = try p.skipTypeScriptTypeParameters(.{ .allow_const_modifier = true });
            }

            // Introduce a fake block scope for function declarations inside if statements
            var ifStmtScopeIndex: usize = 0;
            const hasIfScope = opts.lexical_decl == .allow_fn_inside_if;
            if (hasIfScope) {
                ifStmtScopeIndex = try p.pushScopeForParsePass(js_ast.Scope.Kind.block, loc);
            }

            var scopeIndex: usize = 0;
            var pushedScopeForFunctionArgs = false;
            // Push scope if the current lexer token is an open parenthesis token.
            // That is, the parser is about parsing function arguments
            if (p.lexer.token == .t_open_paren) {
                scopeIndex = try p.pushScopeForParsePass(js_ast.Scope.Kind.function_args, p.lexer.loc());
                pushedScopeForFunctionArgs = true;
            }

            var func = try p.parseFn(name, FnOrArrowDataParse{
                .needs_async_loc = loc,
                .async_range = asyncRange orelse logger.Range.None,
                .has_async_range = asyncRange != null,
                .allow_await = if (is_async) AwaitOrYield.allow_expr else AwaitOrYield.allow_ident,
                .allow_yield = if (is_generator) AwaitOrYield.allow_expr else AwaitOrYield.allow_ident,
                .is_typescript_declare = opts.is_typescript_declare,

                // Only allow omitting the body if we're parsing TypeScript
                .allow_missing_body_for_type_script = is_typescript_enabled,
            });
            p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.has_argument_decorators = false;

            if (comptime is_typescript_enabled) {
                // Don't output anything if it's just a forward declaration of a function
                if ((opts.is_typescript_declare or func.flags.contains(.is_forward_declaration)) and pushedScopeForFunctionArgs) {
                    p.popAndDiscardScope(scopeIndex);

                    // Balance the fake block scope introduced above
                    if (hasIfScope) {
                        p.popScope();
                    }

                    if (opts.is_typescript_declare and opts.is_namespace_scope and opts.is_export) {
                        p.has_non_local_export_declare_inside_namespace = true;
                    }

                    return p.s(S.TypeScript{}, loc);
                }
            }

            if (pushedScopeForFunctionArgs) {
                p.popScope();
            }

            // Only declare the function after we know if it had a body or not. Otherwise
            // TypeScript code such as this will double-declare the symbol:
            //
            //     function foo(): void;
            //     function foo(): void {}
            //
            if (name != null) {
                const kind = if (is_generator or is_async)
                    Symbol.Kind.generator_or_async_function
                else
                    Symbol.Kind.hoisted_function;

                name.?.ref = try p.declareSymbol(kind, name.?.loc, nameText);
                func.name = name;
            }

            func.flags.setPresent(.has_if_scope, hasIfScope);
            func.flags.setPresent(.is_export, opts.is_export);

            // Balance the fake block scope introduced above
            if (hasIfScope) {
                p.popScope();
            }

            return p.s(
                S.Function{
                    .func = func,
                },
                loc,
            );
        }

        fn popAndDiscardScope(noalias p: *P, scope_index: usize) void {
            // Move up to the parent scope
            const to_discard = p.current_scope;
            const parent = to_discard.parent orelse unreachable;

            p.current_scope = parent;

            // Truncate the scope order where we started to pretend we never saw this scope
            p.scopes_in_order.shrinkRetainingCapacity(scope_index);

            var children = parent.children;
            // Remove the last child from the parent scope
            const last = children.len - 1;
            if (children.slice()[last] != to_discard) {
                p.panic("Internal error", .{});
            }

            _ = children.pop();
        }

        fn parseFn(p: *P, name: ?js_ast.LocRef, opts: FnOrArrowDataParse) anyerror!G.Fn {
            // if data.allowAwait and data.allowYield {
            //     p.markSyntaxFeature(compat.AsyncGenerator, data.asyncRange)
            // }

            var func = G.Fn{
                .name = name,

                .flags = Flags.Function.init(.{
                    .has_rest_arg = false,
                    .is_async = opts.allow_await == .allow_expr,
                    .is_generator = opts.allow_yield == .allow_expr,
                }),

                .arguments_ref = null,
                .open_parens_loc = p.lexer.loc(),
            };
            try p.lexer.expect(T.t_open_paren);

            // Await and yield are not allowed in function arguments
            var old_fn_or_arrow_data = std.mem.toBytes(p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse);

            p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.allow_await = if (opts.allow_await == .allow_expr)
                AwaitOrYield.forbid_all
            else
                AwaitOrYield.allow_ident;

            p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.allow_yield = if (opts.allow_yield == .allow_expr)
                AwaitOrYield.forbid_all
            else
                AwaitOrYield.allow_ident;

            // Don't suggest inserting "async" before anything if "await" is found
            p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.needs_async_loc = logger.Loc.Empty;

            // If "super()" is allowed in the body, it's allowed in the arguments
            p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.allow_super_call = opts.allow_super_call;
            p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.allow_super_property = opts.allow_super_property;

            var rest_arg: bool = false;
            var arg_has_decorators: bool = false;
            var args = List(G.Arg){};
            while (p.lexer.token != T.t_close_paren) {
                // Skip over "this" type annotations
                if (is_typescript_enabled and p.lexer.token == T.t_this) {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    if (p.lexer.token == T.t_colon) {
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                    }
                    if (p.lexer.token != T.t_comma) {
                        break;
                    }

                    try p.lexer.next();
                    continue;
                }

                var ts_decorators: []ExprNodeIndex = &([_]ExprNodeIndex{});
                if (opts.allow_ts_decorators) {
                    ts_decorators = try p.parseTypeScriptDecorators();
                    if (ts_decorators.len > 0) {
                        arg_has_decorators = true;
                    }
                }

                if (!func.flags.contains(.has_rest_arg) and p.lexer.token == T.t_dot_dot_dot) {
                    // p.markSyntaxFeature
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    rest_arg = true;
                    func.flags.insert(.has_rest_arg);
                }

                var is_typescript_ctor_field = false;
                const is_identifier = p.lexer.token == T.t_identifier;
                var text = p.lexer.identifier;
                var arg = try p.parseBinding(.{});
                var ts_metadata = TypeScript.Metadata.default;

                if (comptime is_typescript_enabled) {
                    if (is_identifier and opts.is_constructor) {
                        // Skip over TypeScript accessibility modifiers, which turn this argument
                        // into a class field when used inside a class constructor. This is known
                        // as a "parameter property" in TypeScript.
                        while (true) {
                            switch (p.lexer.token) {
                                .t_identifier, .t_open_brace, .t_open_bracket => {
                                    if (!js_lexer.TypeScriptAccessibilityModifier.has(text)) {
                                        break;
                                    }

                                    is_typescript_ctor_field = true;

                                    // TypeScript requires an identifier binding
                                    if (p.lexer.token != .t_identifier) {
                                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);
                                    }
                                    text = p.lexer.identifier;

                                    // Re-parse the binding (the current binding is the TypeScript keyword)
                                    arg = try p.parseBinding(.{});
                                },
                                else => {
                                    break;
                                },
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    // "function foo(a?) {}"
                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_question) {
                        try p.lexer.next();
                    }

                    // "function foo(a: any) {}"
                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_colon) {
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        if (!rest_arg) {
                            if (p.options.features.emit_decorator_metadata and
                                opts.allow_ts_decorators and
                                (opts.has_argument_decorators or opts.has_decorators or arg_has_decorators))
                            {
                                ts_metadata = try p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithMetadata(.lowest);
                            } else {
                                try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                            }
                        } else {
                            // rest parameter is always object, leave metadata as m_none
                            try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                        }
                    }
                }

                var parseStmtOpts = ParseStatementOptions{};
                p.declareBinding(.hoisted, &arg, &parseStmtOpts) catch unreachable;

                var default_value: ?ExprNodeIndex = null;
                if (!func.flags.contains(.has_rest_arg) and p.lexer.token == .t_equals) {
                    // p.markSyntaxFeature
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    default_value = try p.parseExpr(.comma);
                }

                args.append(p.allocator, G.Arg{
                    .ts_decorators = ExprNodeList.init(ts_decorators),
                    .binding = arg,
                    .default = default_value,

                    // We need to track this because it affects code generation
                    .is_typescript_ctor_field = is_typescript_ctor_field,
                    .ts_metadata = ts_metadata,
                }) catch unreachable;

                if (p.lexer.token != .t_comma) {
                    break;
                }

                if (func.flags.contains(.has_rest_arg)) {
                    // JavaScript does not allow a comma after a rest argument
                    if (opts.is_typescript_declare) {
                        // TypeScript does allow a comma after a rest argument in a "declare" context
                        try p.lexer.next();
                    } else {
                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_paren);
                    }

                    break;
                }

                try p.lexer.next();
                rest_arg = false;
            }
            if (args.items.len > 0) {
                func.args = args.items;
            }

            // Reserve the special name "arguments" in this scope. This ensures that it
            // shadows any variable called "arguments" in any parent scopes. But only do
            // this if it wasn't already declared above because arguments are allowed to
            // be called "arguments", in which case the real "arguments" is inaccessible.
            if (!p.current_scope.members.contains("arguments")) {
                func.arguments_ref = p.declareSymbolMaybeGenerated(.arguments, func.open_parens_loc, arguments_str, false) catch unreachable;
                p.symbols.items[func.arguments_ref.?.innerIndex()].must_not_be_renamed = true;
            }

            try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_paren);
            p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse = std.mem.bytesToValue(@TypeOf(p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse), &old_fn_or_arrow_data);

            p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.has_argument_decorators = arg_has_decorators;

            // "function foo(): any {}"
            if (is_typescript_enabled) {
                if (p.lexer.token == .t_colon) {
                    try p.lexer.next();

                    if (p.options.features.emit_decorator_metadata and opts.allow_ts_decorators and (opts.has_argument_decorators or opts.has_decorators)) {
                        func.return_ts_metadata = try p.skipTypescriptReturnTypeWithMetadata();
                    } else {
                        try p.skipTypescriptReturnType();
                    }
                } else if (p.options.features.emit_decorator_metadata and opts.allow_ts_decorators and (opts.has_argument_decorators or opts.has_decorators)) {
                    if (func.flags.contains(.is_async)) {
                        func.return_ts_metadata = .m_promise;
                    } else {
                        func.return_ts_metadata = .m_undefined;
                    }
                }
            }

            // "function foo(): any;"
            if (opts.allow_missing_body_for_type_script and p.lexer.token != .t_open_brace) {
                try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();
                func.flags.insert(.is_forward_declaration);
                return func;
            }
            var tempOpts = opts;
            func.body = try p.parseFnBody(&tempOpts);

            return func;
        }

        pub inline fn skipTypescriptReturnType(p: *P) anyerror!void {
            try p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithOpts(.lowest, TypeScript.SkipTypeOptions.Bitset.initOne(.is_return_type), false, {});
        }

        pub inline fn skipTypescriptReturnTypeWithMetadata(p: *P) anyerror!TypeScript.Metadata {
            var result = TypeScript.Metadata.default;
            try p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithOpts(.lowest, TypeScript.SkipTypeOptions.Bitset.initOne(.is_return_type), true, &result);
            return result;
        }

        pub fn parseTypeScriptDecorators(p: *P) ![]ExprNodeIndex {
            if (!is_typescript_enabled) {
                return &([_]ExprNodeIndex{});
            }

            var decorators = ListManaged(ExprNodeIndex).init(p.allocator);
            while (p.lexer.token == T.t_at) {
                try p.lexer.next();

                // Parse a new/call expression with "exprFlagTSDecorator" so we ignore
                // EIndex expressions, since they may be part of a computed property:
                //
                //   class Foo {
                //     @foo ['computed']() {}
                //   }
                //
                // This matches the behavior of the TypeScript compiler.
                try decorators.append(try p.parseExprWithFlags(.new, Expr.EFlags.ts_decorator));
            }

            return decorators.items;
        }

        inline fn skipTypeScriptType(p: *P, level: js_ast.Op.Level) anyerror!void {
            p.markTypeScriptOnly();
            try p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithOpts(level, TypeScript.SkipTypeOptions.empty, false, {});
        }

        inline fn skipTypeScriptTypeWithMetadata(p: *P, level: js_ast.Op.Level) anyerror!TypeScript.Metadata {
            p.markTypeScriptOnly();
            var result = TypeScript.Metadata.default;
            try p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithOpts(level, TypeScript.SkipTypeOptions.empty, true, &result);
            return result;
        }

        fn skipTypeScriptBinding(p: *P) anyerror!void {
            p.markTypeScriptOnly();
            switch (p.lexer.token) {
                .t_identifier, .t_this => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                },
                .t_open_bracket => {
                    try p.lexer.next();

                    // "[, , a]"

                    while (p.lexer.token == .t_comma) {
                        try p.lexer.next();
                    }
                    // "[a, b]"
                    while (p.lexer.token != .t_close_bracket) {
                        // "[...a]"
                        if (p.lexer.token == .t_dot_dot_dot) {
                            try p.lexer.next();
                        }

                        try p.skipTypeScriptBinding();

                        if (p.lexer.token != .t_comma) {
                            break;
                        }
                        try p.lexer.next();
                    }

                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_bracket);
                },
                .t_open_brace => {
                    try p.lexer.next();

                    while (p.lexer.token != .t_close_brace) {
                        var found_identifier = false;

                        switch (p.lexer.token) {
                            .t_identifier => {
                                found_identifier = true;
                                try p.lexer.next();
                            },

                            // "{...x}"
                            .t_dot_dot_dot => {
                                try p.lexer.next();

                                if (p.lexer.token != .t_identifier) {
                                    try p.lexer.unexpected();
                                }

                                found_identifier = true;
                                try p.lexer.next();
                            },

                            // "{1: y}"
                            // "{'x': y}"
                            .t_string_literal, .t_numeric_literal => {
                                try p.lexer.next();
                            },

                            else => {
                                if (p.lexer.isIdentifierOrKeyword()) {
                                    // "{if: x}"
                                    try p.lexer.next();
                                } else {
                                    try p.lexer.unexpected();
                                }
                            },
                        }

                        if (p.lexer.token == .t_colon or !found_identifier) {
                            try p.lexer.expect(.t_colon);
                            try p.skipTypeScriptBinding();
                        }

                        if (p.lexer.token != .t_comma) {
                            break;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                    }

                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_brace);
                },
                else => {
                    // try p.lexer.unexpected();
                    return error.Backtrack;
                },
            }
        }

        fn skipTypescriptFnArgs(p: *P) anyerror!void {
            p.markTypeScriptOnly();

            try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_paren);

            while (p.lexer.token != .t_close_paren) {
                // "(...a)"
                if (p.lexer.token == .t_dot_dot_dot) {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                }

                try p.skipTypeScriptBinding();

                // "(a?)"
                if (p.lexer.token == .t_question) {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                }

                // "(a: any)"
                if (p.lexer.token == .t_colon) {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                }

                // "(a, b)"
                if (p.lexer.token != .t_comma) {
                    break;
                }

                try p.lexer.next();
            }

            try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_paren);
        }

        // This is a spot where the TypeScript grammar is highly ambiguous. Here are
        // some cases that are valid:
        //
        //     let x = (y: any): (() => {}) => { };
        //     let x = (y: any): () => {} => { };
        //     let x = (y: any): (y) => {} => { };
        //     let x = (y: any): (y[]) => {};
        //     let x = (y: any): (a | b) => {};
        //
        // Here are some cases that aren't valid:
        //
        //     let x = (y: any): (y) => {};
        //     let x = (y: any): (y) => {return 0};
        //     let x = (y: any): asserts y is (y) => {};
        //
        fn skipTypeScriptParenOrFnType(
            p: *P,
            comptime get_metadata: bool,
            result: if (get_metadata) *TypeScript.Metadata else void,
        ) anyerror!void {
            p.markTypeScriptOnly();

            if (p.trySkipTypeScriptArrowArgsWithBacktracking()) {
                try p.skipTypescriptReturnType();
                if (comptime get_metadata)
                    result.* = .m_function;
            } else {
                try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_paren);
                if (comptime get_metadata) {
                    result.* = try p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithMetadata(.lowest);
                } else {
                    try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                }
                try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_paren);
            }
        }

        fn skipTypeScriptTypeWithOpts(
            p: *P,
            level: js_ast.Op.Level,
            opts: TypeScript.SkipTypeOptions.Bitset,
            comptime get_metadata: bool,
            result: if (get_metadata) *TypeScript.Metadata else void,
        ) anyerror!void {
            p.markTypeScriptOnly();

            while (true) {
                switch (p.lexer.token) {
                    .t_numeric_literal => {
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        if (comptime get_metadata) {
                            result.* = .m_number;
                        }
                    },
                    .t_big_integer_literal => {
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        if (comptime get_metadata) {
                            result.* = .m_bigint;
                        }
                    },
                    .t_string_literal, .t_no_substitution_template_literal => {
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        if (comptime get_metadata) {
                            result.* = .m_string;
                        }
                    },
                    .t_true, .t_false => {
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        if (comptime get_metadata) {
                            result.* = .m_boolean;
                        }
                    },
                    .t_null => {
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        if (comptime get_metadata) {
                            result.* = .m_null;
                        }
                    },
                    .t_void => {
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        if (comptime get_metadata) {
                            result.* = .m_void;
                        }
                    },
                    .t_const => {
                        const r = p.lexer.range();
                        try p.lexer.next();

                        // ["const: number]"
                        if (opts.contains(.allow_tuple_labels) and p.lexer.token == .t_colon) {
                            try p.log.addRangeError(p.source, r, "Unexpected \"const\"");
                        }
                    },

                    .t_this => {
                        try p.lexer.next();

                        // "function check(): this is boolean"
                        if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("is") and !p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                            try p.lexer.next();
                            try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                            return;
                        }

                        if (comptime get_metadata) {
                            result.* = .m_object;
                        }
                    },
                    .t_minus => {
                        // "-123"
                        // "-123n"
                        try p.lexer.next();

                        if (p.lexer.token == .t_big_integer_literal) {
                            try p.lexer.next();
                            if (comptime get_metadata) {
                                result.* = .m_bigint;
                            }
                        } else {
                            try p.lexer.expect(.t_numeric_literal);
                            if (comptime get_metadata) {
                                result.* = .m_number;
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .t_ampersand, .t_bar => {
                        // Support things like "type Foo = | A | B" and "type Foo = & A & B"
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        continue;
                    },
                    .t_import => {
                        // "import('fs')"
                        try p.lexer.next();

                        // "[import: number]"
                        if (opts.contains(.allow_tuple_labels) and p.lexer.token == .t_colon) {
                            return;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_paren);
                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_string_literal);

                        // "import('./foo.json', { assert: { type: 'json' } })"
                        // "import('./foo.json', { with: { type: 'json' } })"
                        if (p.lexer.token == .t_comma) {
                            try p.lexer.next();
                            try p.skipTypeScriptObjectType();

                            // "import('./foo.json', { assert: { type: 'json' } }, )"
                            // "import('./foo.json', { with: { type: 'json' } }, )"
                            if (p.lexer.token == .t_comma) {
                                try p.lexer.next();
                            }
                        }

                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_paren);
                    },
                    .t_new => {
                        // "new () => Foo"
                        // "new <T>() => Foo<T>"
                        try p.lexer.next();

                        // "[new: number]"
                        if (opts.contains(.allow_tuple_labels) and p.lexer.token == .t_colon) {
                            return;
                        }

                        _ = try p.skipTypeScriptTypeParameters(.{ .allow_const_modifier = true });
                        try p.skipTypeScriptParenOrFnType(get_metadata, result);
                    },
                    .t_less_than => {
                        // "<T>() => Foo<T>"
                        _ = try p.skipTypeScriptTypeParameters(.{ .allow_const_modifier = true });
                        try p.skipTypeScriptParenOrFnType(get_metadata, result);
                    },
                    .t_open_paren => {
                        // "(number | string)"
                        try p.skipTypeScriptParenOrFnType(get_metadata, result);
                    },
                    .t_identifier => {
                        const kind = TypeScript.Identifier.IMap.get(p.lexer.identifier) orelse .normal;

                        var check_type_parameters = true;

                        switch (kind) {
                            .prefix_keyof => {
                                try p.lexer.next();

                                // Valid:
                                //   "[keyof: string]"
                                //   "{[keyof: string]: number}"
                                //   "{[keyof in string]: number}"
                                //
                                // Invalid:
                                //   "A extends B ? keyof : string"
                                //
                                if ((p.lexer.token != .t_colon and p.lexer.token != .t_in) or (!opts.contains(.is_index_signature) and !opts.contains(.allow_tuple_labels))) {
                                    try p.skipTypeScriptType(.prefix);
                                }

                                if (comptime get_metadata) {
                                    result.* = .m_object;
                                }

                                break;
                            },
                            .prefix_readonly => {
                                try p.lexer.next();

                                if ((p.lexer.token != .t_colon and p.lexer.token != .t_in) or (!opts.contains(.is_index_signature) and !opts.contains(.allow_tuple_labels))) {
                                    try p.skipTypeScriptType(.prefix);
                                }

                                // assume array or tuple literal
                                if (comptime get_metadata) {
                                    result.* = .m_array;
                                }

                                break;
                            },
                            .infer => {
                                try p.lexer.next();

                                // "type Foo = Bar extends [infer T] ? T : null"
                                // "type Foo = Bar extends [infer T extends string] ? T : null"
                                // "type Foo = Bar extends [infer T extends string ? infer T : never] ? T : null"
                                // "type Foo = { [infer in Bar]: number }"
                                if ((p.lexer.token != .t_colon and p.lexer.token != .t_in) or (!opts.contains(.is_index_signature) and !opts.contains(.allow_tuple_labels))) {
                                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);
                                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_extends) {
                                        _ = p.trySkipTypeScriptConstraintOfInferTypeWithBacktracking(opts);
                                    }
                                }

                                break;
                            },
                            .unique => {
                                try p.lexer.next();

                                // "let foo: unique symbol"
                                if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("symbol")) {
                                    try p.lexer.next();
                                    break;
                                }
                            },
                            .abstract => {
                                try p.lexer.next();

                                // "let foo: abstract new () => {}" added in TypeScript 4.2
                                if (p.lexer.token == .t_new) {
                                    continue;
                                }
                            },
                            .asserts => {
                                try p.lexer.next();

                                // "function assert(x: boolean): asserts x"
                                // "function assert(x: boolean): asserts x is boolean"
                                if (opts.contains(.is_return_type) and !p.lexer.has_newline_before and (p.lexer.token == .t_identifier or p.lexer.token == .t_this)) {
                                    try p.lexer.next();
                                }
                            },
                            .primitive_any => {
                                try p.lexer.next();
                                check_type_parameters = false;
                                if (comptime get_metadata) {
                                    result.* = .m_any;
                                }
                            },
                            .primitive_never => {
                                try p.lexer.next();
                                check_type_parameters = false;
                                if (comptime get_metadata) {
                                    result.* = .m_never;
                                }
                            },
                            .primitive_unknown => {
                                try p.lexer.next();
                                check_type_parameters = false;
                                if (comptime get_metadata) {
                                    result.* = .m_unknown;
                                }
                            },
                            .primitive_undefined => {
                                try p.lexer.next();
                                check_type_parameters = false;
                                if (comptime get_metadata) {
                                    result.* = .m_undefined;
                                }
                            },
                            .primitive_object => {
                                try p.lexer.next();
                                check_type_parameters = false;
                                if (comptime get_metadata) {
                                    result.* = .m_object;
                                }
                            },
                            .primitive_number => {
                                try p.lexer.next();
                                check_type_parameters = false;
                                if (comptime get_metadata) {
                                    result.* = .m_number;
                                }
                            },
                            .primitive_string => {
                                try p.lexer.next();
                                check_type_parameters = false;
                                if (comptime get_metadata) {
                                    result.* = .m_string;
                                }
                            },
                            .primitive_boolean => {
                                try p.lexer.next();
                                check_type_parameters = false;
                                if (comptime get_metadata) {
                                    result.* = .m_boolean;
                                }
                            },
                            .primitive_bigint => {
                                try p.lexer.next();
                                check_type_parameters = false;
                                if (comptime get_metadata) {
                                    result.* = .m_bigint;
                                }
                            },
                            .primitive_symbol => {
                                try p.lexer.next();
                                check_type_parameters = false;
                                if (comptime get_metadata) {
                                    result.* = .m_symbol;
                                }
                            },
                            else => {
                                if (comptime get_metadata) {
                                    const find_result = p.findSymbol(logger.Loc.Empty, p.lexer.identifier) catch unreachable;
                                    result.* = .{ .m_identifier = find_result.ref };
                                }

                                try p.lexer.next();
                            },
                        }

                        // "function assert(x: any): x is boolean"
                        if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("is") and !p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                            try p.lexer.next();
                            try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                            return;
                        }

                        // "let foo: any \n <number>foo" must not become a single type
                        if (check_type_parameters and !p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                            _ = try p.skipTypeScriptTypeArguments(false);
                        }
                    },
                    .t_typeof => {
                        try p.lexer.next();

                        // "[typeof: number]"
                        if (opts.contains(.allow_tuple_labels) and p.lexer.token == .t_colon) {
                            return;
                        }

                        // always `Object`
                        if (comptime get_metadata) {
                            result.* = .m_object;
                        }

                        if (p.lexer.token == .t_import) {
                            // "typeof import('fs')"
                            continue;
                        } else {
                            // "typeof x"
                            if (!p.lexer.isIdentifierOrKeyword()) {
                                try p.lexer.expected(.t_identifier);
                            }
                            try p.lexer.next();

                            // "typeof x.#y"
                            // "typeof x.y"
                            while (p.lexer.token == .t_dot) {
                                try p.lexer.next();

                                if (!p.lexer.isIdentifierOrKeyword() and p.lexer.token != .t_private_identifier) {
                                    try p.lexer.expected(.t_identifier);
                                }
                                try p.lexer.next();
                            }

                            if (!p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                                _ = try p.skipTypeScriptTypeArguments(false);
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .t_open_bracket => {
                        // "[number, string]"
                        // "[first: number, second: string]"
                        try p.lexer.next();

                        if (comptime get_metadata) {
                            result.* = .m_array;
                        }

                        while (p.lexer.token != .t_close_bracket) {
                            if (p.lexer.token == .t_dot_dot_dot) {
                                try p.lexer.next();
                            }
                            try p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithOpts(.lowest, TypeScript.SkipTypeOptions.Bitset.initOne(.allow_tuple_labels), false, {});
                            if (p.lexer.token == .t_question) {
                                try p.lexer.next();
                            }
                            if (p.lexer.token == .t_colon) {
                                try p.lexer.next();
                                try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                            }
                            if (p.lexer.token != .t_comma) {
                                break;
                            }
                            try p.lexer.next();
                        }
                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_bracket);
                    },
                    .t_open_brace => {
                        try p.skipTypeScriptObjectType();
                        if (comptime get_metadata) {
                            result.* = .m_object;
                        }
                    },
                    .t_template_head => {
                        // "`${'a' | 'b'}-${'c' | 'd'}`"
                        while (true) {
                            try p.lexer.next();
                            try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                            try p.lexer.rescanCloseBraceAsTemplateToken();

                            if (p.lexer.token == .t_template_tail) {
                                try p.lexer.next();
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                        if (comptime get_metadata) {
                            result.* = .m_string;
                        }
                    },

                    else => {
                        // "[function: number]"
                        if (opts.contains(.allow_tuple_labels) and p.lexer.isIdentifierOrKeyword()) {
                            if (p.lexer.token != .t_function) {
                                try p.lexer.unexpected();
                            }
                            try p.lexer.next();

                            if (p.lexer.token != .t_colon) {
                                try p.lexer.expect(.t_colon);
                            }

                            return;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.unexpected();
                    },
                }
                break;
            }

            while (true) {
                switch (p.lexer.token) {
                    .t_bar => {
                        if (level.gte(.bitwise_or)) {
                            return;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();

                        if (comptime get_metadata) {
                            var left = result.*;
                            if (left.finishUnion(p)) |final| {
                                // finish skipping the rest of the type without collecting type metadata.
                                result.* = final;
                                try p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithOpts(.bitwise_or, opts, false, {});
                            } else {
                                try p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithOpts(.bitwise_or, opts, get_metadata, result);
                                result.mergeUnion(left);
                            }
                        } else {
                            try p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithOpts(.bitwise_or, opts, false, {});
                        }
                    },
                    .t_ampersand => {
                        if (level.gte(.bitwise_and)) {
                            return;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();

                        if (comptime get_metadata) {
                            var left = result.*;
                            if (left.finishIntersection(p)) |final| {
                                // finish skipping the rest of the type without collecting type metadata.
                                result.* = final;
                                try p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithOpts(.bitwise_and, opts, false, {});
                            } else {
                                try p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithOpts(.bitwise_and, opts, get_metadata, result);
                                result.mergeIntersection(left);
                            }
                        } else {
                            try p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithOpts(.bitwise_and, opts, false, {});
                        }
                    },
                    .t_exclamation => {
                        // A postfix "!" is allowed in JSDoc types in TypeScript, which are only
                        // present in comments. While it's not valid in a non-comment position,
                        // it's still parsed and turned into a soft error by the TypeScript
                        // compiler. It turns out parsing this is important for correctness for
                        // "as" casts because the "!" token must still be consumed.
                        if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                            return;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                    },
                    .t_dot => {
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        if (!p.lexer.isIdentifierOrKeyword()) {
                            try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);
                        }

                        if (comptime get_metadata) {
                            if (result.* == .m_identifier) {
                                var dot = List(Ref).initCapacity(p.allocator, 2) catch unreachable;
                                dot.appendAssumeCapacity(result.m_identifier);
                                const find_result = p.findSymbol(logger.Loc.Empty, p.lexer.identifier) catch unreachable;
                                dot.appendAssumeCapacity(find_result.ref);
                                result.* = .{ .m_dot = dot };
                            } else if (result.* == .m_dot) {
                                if (p.lexer.isIdentifierOrKeyword()) {
                                    const find_result = p.findSymbol(logger.Loc.Empty, p.lexer.identifier) catch unreachable;
                                    result.m_dot.append(p.allocator, find_result.ref) catch unreachable;
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();

                        // "{ <A extends B>(): c.d \n <E extends F>(): g.h }" must not become a single type
                        if (!p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                            _ = try p.skipTypeScriptTypeArguments(false);
                        }
                    },
                    .t_open_bracket => {
                        // "{ ['x']: string \n ['y']: string }" must not become a single type
                        if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                            return;
                        }
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        var skipped = false;
                        if (p.lexer.token != .t_close_bracket) {
                            skipped = true;
                            try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                        }
                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_bracket);

                        if (comptime get_metadata) {
                            if (result.* == .m_none) {
                                result.* = .m_array;
                            } else {
                                // if something was skipped, it is object type
                                if (skipped) {
                                    result.* = .m_object;
                                } else {
                                    result.* = .m_array;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .t_extends => {
                        // "{ x: number \n extends: boolean }" must not become a single type
                        if (p.lexer.has_newline_before or opts.contains(.disallow_conditional_types)) {
                            return;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();

                        // The type following "extends" is not permitted to be another conditional type
                        var extends_type = if (get_metadata) TypeScript.Metadata.default;
                        try p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithOpts(
                            .lowest,
                            TypeScript.SkipTypeOptions.Bitset.initOne(.disallow_conditional_types),
                            get_metadata,
                            if (get_metadata) &extends_type,
                        );

                        if (comptime get_metadata) {
                            // intersection
                            try p.lexer.expect(.t_question);
                            var left = try p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithMetadata(.lowest);
                            try p.lexer.expect(.t_colon);
                            if (left.finishIntersection(p)) |final| {
                                result.* = final;
                                try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                            } else {
                                try p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithOpts(.bitwise_and, TypeScript.SkipTypeOptions.empty, get_metadata, result);
                                result.mergeIntersection(left);
                            }
                        } else {
                            try p.lexer.expect(.t_question);
                            try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                            try p.lexer.expect(.t_colon);
                            try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                        }
                    },
                    else => {
                        return;
                    },
                }
            }
        }
        fn skipTypeScriptObjectType(p: *P) anyerror!void {
            p.markTypeScriptOnly();

            try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_brace);

            while (p.lexer.token != .t_close_brace) {
                // "{ -readonly [K in keyof T]: T[K] }"
                // "{ +readonly [K in keyof T]: T[K] }"
                if (p.lexer.token == .t_plus or p.lexer.token == .t_minus) {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                }

                // Skip over modifiers and the property identifier
                var found_key = false;
                while (p.lexer.isIdentifierOrKeyword() or p.lexer.token == .t_string_literal or p.lexer.token == .t_numeric_literal) {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    found_key = true;
                }

                if (p.lexer.token == .t_open_bracket) {
                    // Index signature or computed property
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    try p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithOpts(.lowest, TypeScript.SkipTypeOptions.Bitset.initOne(.is_index_signature), false, {});

                    // "{ [key: string]: number }"
                    // "{ readonly [K in keyof T]: T[K] }"
                    switch (p.lexer.token) {
                        .t_colon => {
                            try p.lexer.next();
                            try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                        },
                        .t_in => {
                            try p.lexer.next();
                            try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                            if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("as")) {
                                // "{ [K in keyof T as `get-${K}`]: T[K] }"
                                try p.lexer.next();
                                try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                            }
                        },
                        else => {},
                    }

                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_bracket);

                    // "{ [K in keyof T]+?: T[K] }"
                    // "{ [K in keyof T]-?: T[K] }"
                    switch (p.lexer.token) {
                        .t_plus, .t_minus => {
                            try p.lexer.next();
                        },
                        else => {},
                    }

                    found_key = true;
                }

                // "?" indicates an optional property
                // "!" indicates an initialization assertion
                if (found_key and (p.lexer.token == .t_question or p.lexer.token == .t_exclamation)) {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                }

                // Type parameters come right after the optional mark
                _ = try p.skipTypeScriptTypeParameters(.{
                    .allow_const_modifier = true,
                });

                switch (p.lexer.token) {
                    .t_colon => {
                        // Regular property
                        if (!found_key) {
                            try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                    },
                    .t_open_paren => {
                        // Method signature
                        try p.skipTypescriptFnArgs();

                        if (p.lexer.token == .t_colon) {
                            try p.lexer.next();
                            try p.skipTypescriptReturnType();
                        }
                    },
                    else => {
                        if (!found_key) {
                            try p.lexer.unexpected();
                            return error.SyntaxError;
                        }
                    },
                }
                switch (p.lexer.token) {
                    .t_close_brace => {},
                    .t_comma, .t_semicolon => {
                        try p.lexer.next();
                    },
                    else => {
                        if (!p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                            try p.lexer.unexpected();
                            return error.SyntaxError;
                        }
                    },
                }
            }
            try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_brace);
        }

        fn processImportStatement(p: *P, stmt_: S.Import, path: ParsedPath, loc: logger.Loc, was_originally_bare_import: bool) anyerror!Stmt {
            const is_macro = FeatureFlags.is_macro_enabled and (path.is_macro or js_ast.Macro.isMacroPath(path.text));
            var stmt = stmt_;
            if (is_macro) {
                const id = p.addImportRecord(.stmt, path.loc, path.text);
                p.import_records.items[id].path.namespace = js_ast.Macro.namespace;
                p.import_records.items[id].is_unused = true;

                if (stmt.default_name) |name_loc| {
                    const name = p.loadNameFromRef(name_loc.ref.?);
                    const ref = try p.declareSymbol(.other, name_loc.loc, name);
                    try p.is_import_item.put(p.allocator, ref, {});
                    try p.macro.refs.put(ref, .{
                        .import_record_id = id,
                        .name = "default",
                    });
                }

                if (stmt.star_name_loc) |star| {
                    const name = p.loadNameFromRef(stmt.namespace_ref);
                    const ref = try p.declareSymbol(.other, star, name);
                    stmt.namespace_ref = ref;
                    try p.macro.refs.put(ref, .{ .import_record_id = id });
                }

                for (stmt.items) |item| {
                    const name = p.loadNameFromRef(item.name.ref.?);
                    const ref = try p.declareSymbol(.other, item.name.loc, name);
                    try p.is_import_item.put(p.allocator, ref, {});
                    try p.macro.refs.put(ref, .{
                        .import_record_id = id,
                        .name = item.alias,
                    });
                }

                return p.s(S.Empty{}, loc);
            }

            const macro_remap = if (comptime allow_macros)
                p.options.macro_context.getRemap(path.text)
            else
                null;

            stmt.import_record_index = p.addImportRecord(.stmt, path.loc, path.text);
            p.import_records.items[stmt.import_record_index].was_originally_bare_import = was_originally_bare_import;

            if (stmt.star_name_loc) |star| {
                const name = p.loadNameFromRef(stmt.namespace_ref);

                stmt.namespace_ref = try p.declareSymbol(.import, star, name);

                if (comptime track_symbol_usage_during_parse_pass) {
                    p.parse_pass_symbol_uses.put(name, .{
                        .ref = stmt.namespace_ref,
                        .import_record_index = stmt.import_record_index,
                    }) catch unreachable;
                }

                // TODO: not sure how to handle macro remappings for namespace imports
            } else {
                var path_name = fs.PathName.init(path.text);
                const name = try strings.append(p.allocator, "import_", try path_name.nonUniqueNameString(p.allocator));
                stmt.namespace_ref = try p.newSymbol(.other, name);
                var scope: *Scope = p.current_scope;
                try scope.generated.push(p.allocator, stmt.namespace_ref);
            }

            var item_refs = ImportItemForNamespaceMap.init(p.allocator);
            const count_excluding_namespace = @as(u16, @intCast(stmt.items.len)) +
                @as(u16, @intCast(@intFromBool(stmt.default_name != null)));

            try item_refs.ensureUnusedCapacity(count_excluding_namespace);
            // Even though we allocate ahead of time here
            // we cannot use putAssumeCapacity because a symbol can have existing links
            // those may write to this hash table, so this estimate may be innaccurate
            try p.is_import_item.ensureUnusedCapacity(p.allocator, count_excluding_namespace);
            var remap_count: u32 = 0;
            // Link the default item to the namespace
            if (stmt.default_name) |*name_loc| outer: {
                const name = p.loadNameFromRef(name_loc.ref.?);
                const ref = try p.declareSymbol(.import, name_loc.loc, name);
                name_loc.ref = ref;
                try p.is_import_item.put(p.allocator, ref, {});

                // ensure every e_import_identifier holds the namespace
                if (p.options.features.hot_module_reloading) {
                    const symbol = &p.symbols.items[ref.inner_index];
                    if (symbol.namespace_alias == null) {
                        symbol.namespace_alias = .{
                            .namespace_ref = stmt.namespace_ref,
                            .alias = "default",
                            .import_record_index = stmt.import_record_index,
                        };
                    }
                }

                if (macro_remap) |*remap| {
                    if (remap.get("default")) |remapped_path| {
                        const new_import_id = p.addImportRecord(.stmt, path.loc, remapped_path);
                        try p.macro.refs.put(ref, .{
                            .import_record_id = new_import_id,
                            .name = "default",
                        });

                        p.import_records.items[new_import_id].path.namespace = js_ast.Macro.namespace;
                        p.import_records.items[new_import_id].is_unused = true;
                        if (comptime only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit) {
                            p.import_records.items[new_import_id].is_internal = true;
                            p.import_records.items[new_import_id].path.is_disabled = true;
                        }
                        stmt.default_name = null;
                        remap_count += 1;
                        break :outer;
                    }
                }

                if (comptime track_symbol_usage_during_parse_pass) {
                    p.parse_pass_symbol_uses.put(name, .{
                        .ref = ref,
                        .import_record_index = stmt.import_record_index,
                    }) catch unreachable;
                }

                if (comptime ParsePassSymbolUsageType != void) {
                    p.parse_pass_symbol_uses.put(name, .{
                        .ref = ref,
                        .import_record_index = stmt.import_record_index,
                    }) catch unreachable;
                }

                item_refs.putAssumeCapacity(name, name_loc.*);
            }
            var end: usize = 0;

            for (stmt.items) |item_| {
                var item = item_;
                const name = p.loadNameFromRef(item.name.ref orelse unreachable);
                const ref = try p.declareSymbol(.import, item.name.loc, name);
                item.name.ref = ref;

                try p.is_import_item.put(p.allocator, ref, {});
                p.checkForNonBMPCodePoint(item.alias_loc, item.alias);

                // ensure every e_import_identifier holds the namespace
                if (p.options.features.hot_module_reloading) {
                    const symbol = &p.symbols.items[ref.inner_index];
                    if (symbol.namespace_alias == null) {
                        symbol.namespace_alias = .{
                            .namespace_ref = stmt.namespace_ref,
                            .alias = item.alias,
                            .import_record_index = stmt.import_record_index,
                        };
                    }
                }

                if (macro_remap) |*remap| {
                    if (remap.get(item.alias)) |remapped_path| {
                        const new_import_id = p.addImportRecord(.stmt, path.loc, remapped_path);
                        try p.macro.refs.put(ref, .{
                            .import_record_id = new_import_id,
                            .name = item.alias,
                        });

                        p.import_records.items[new_import_id].path.namespace = js_ast.Macro.namespace;
                        p.import_records.items[new_import_id].is_unused = true;
                        if (comptime only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit) {
                            p.import_records.items[new_import_id].is_internal = true;
                            p.import_records.items[new_import_id].path.is_disabled = true;
                        }
                        remap_count += 1;
                        continue;
                    }
                }

                if (comptime track_symbol_usage_during_parse_pass) {
                    p.parse_pass_symbol_uses.put(name, .{
                        .ref = ref,
                        .import_record_index = stmt.import_record_index,
                    }) catch unreachable;
                }

                item_refs.putAssumeCapacity(item.alias, item.name);
                stmt.items[end] = item;
                end += 1;
            }
            stmt.items = stmt.items[0..end];

            // If we remapped the entire import away
            // i.e. import {graphql} "react-relay"

            if (remap_count > 0 and stmt.items.len == 0 and stmt.default_name == null) {
                p.import_records.items[stmt.import_record_index].path.namespace = js_ast.Macro.namespace;
                p.import_records.items[stmt.import_record_index].is_unused = true;

                if (comptime only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit) {
                    p.import_records.items[stmt.import_record_index].path.is_disabled = true;
                    p.import_records.items[stmt.import_record_index].is_internal = true;
                }

                return p.s(S.Empty{}, loc);
            } else if (remap_count > 0) {
                item_refs.shrinkAndFree(stmt.items.len + @as(usize, @intFromBool(stmt.default_name != null)));
            }

            if (path.import_tag != .none or path.loader != null) {
                try p.validateAndSetImportType(&path, &stmt);
            }

            // Track the items for this namespace
            try p.import_items_for_namespace.put(p.allocator, stmt.namespace_ref, item_refs);
            return p.s(stmt, loc);
        }

        fn validateAndSetImportType(p: *P, path: *const ParsedPath, stmt: *S.Import) !void {
            @branchHint(.cold);

            if (path.loader) |loader| {
                p.import_records.items[stmt.import_record_index].loader = loader;

                if (loader == .sqlite or loader == .sqlite_embedded) {
                    for (stmt.items) |*item| {
                        if (!(strings.eqlComptime(item.alias, "default") or strings.eqlComptime(item.alias, "db"))) {
                            try p.log.addError(
                                p.source,
                                item.name.loc,
                                "sqlite imports only support the \"default\" or \"db\" imports",
                            );
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                } else if (loader == .file or loader == .text) {
                    for (stmt.items) |*item| {
                        if (!(strings.eqlComptime(item.alias, "default"))) {
                            try p.log.addError(
                                p.source,
                                item.name.loc,
                                "This loader type only supports the \"default\" import",
                            );
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            } else if (path.import_tag == .bake_resolve_to_ssr_graph) {
                p.import_records.items[stmt.import_record_index].tag = path.import_tag;
            }
        }

        // This is the type parameter declarations that go with other symbol
        // declarations (class, function, type, etc.)
        fn skipTypeScriptTypeParameters(p: *P, flags: TypeParameterFlag) anyerror!SkipTypeParameterResult {
            p.markTypeScriptOnly();

            if (p.lexer.token != .t_less_than) {
                return .did_not_skip_anything;
            }

            var result = SkipTypeParameterResult.could_be_type_cast;
            try p.lexer.next();

            if (p.lexer.token == .t_greater_than and flags.allow_empty_type_parameters) {
                try p.lexer.next();
                return .definitely_type_parameters;
            }

            while (true) {
                var has_in = false;
                var has_out = false;
                var expect_identifier = true;

                var invalid_modifier_range = logger.Range.None;

                // Scan over a sequence of "in" and "out" modifiers (a.k.a. optional
                // variance annotations) as well as "const" modifiers
                while (true) {
                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_const) {
                        if (invalid_modifier_range.len == 0 and !flags.allow_const_modifier) {
                            // Valid:
                            //   "class Foo<const T> {}"
                            // Invalid:
                            //   "interface Foo<const T> {}"
                            invalid_modifier_range = p.lexer.range();
                        }

                        result = .definitely_type_parameters;
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        expect_identifier = true;
                        continue;
                    }

                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_in) {
                        if (invalid_modifier_range.len == 0 and (!flags.allow_in_out_variance_annotations or has_in or has_out)) {
                            // Valid:
                            //   "type Foo<in T> = T"
                            // Invalid:
                            //   "type Foo<in in T> = T"
                            //   "type Foo<out in T> = T"
                            invalid_modifier_range = p.lexer.range();
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        has_in = true;
                        expect_identifier = true;
                        continue;
                    }

                    if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("out")) {
                        const r = p.lexer.range();
                        if (invalid_modifier_range.len == 0 and !flags.allow_in_out_variance_annotations) {
                            // Valid:
                            //   "type Foo<out T> = T"
                            // Invalid:
                            //   "type Foo<out out T> = T"
                            //   "type Foo<in out T> = T"
                            invalid_modifier_range = r;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        if (invalid_modifier_range.len == 0 and has_out and (p.lexer.token == .t_in or p.lexer.token == .t_identifier)) {
                            // Valid:
                            //   "type Foo<out T> = T"
                            //   "type Foo<out out> = T"
                            //   "type Foo<out out, T> = T"
                            //   "type Foo<out out = T> = T"
                            //   "type Foo<out out extends T> = T"
                            // Invalid:
                            //   "type Foo<out out in T> = T"
                            //   "type Foo<out out T> = T"
                            invalid_modifier_range = r;
                        }
                        has_out = true;
                        expect_identifier = false;
                        continue;
                    }

                    break;
                }

                // Only report an error for the first invalid modifier
                if (invalid_modifier_range.len > 0) {
                    try p.log.addRangeErrorFmt(
                        p.source,
                        invalid_modifier_range,
                        p.allocator,
                        "The modifier \"{s}\" is not valid here",
                        .{p.source.textForRange(invalid_modifier_range)},
                    );
                }

                // expectIdentifier => Mandatory identifier (e.g. after "type Foo <in ___")
                // !expectIdentifier => Optional identifier (e.g. after "type Foo <out ___" since "out" may be the identifier)
                if (expect_identifier or p.lexer.token == .t_identifier) {
                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);
                }

                // "class Foo<T extends number> {}"
                if (p.lexer.token == .t_extends) {
                    result = .definitely_type_parameters;
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                }

                // "class Foo<T = void> {}"
                if (p.lexer.token == .t_equals) {
                    result = .definitely_type_parameters;
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                }

                if (p.lexer.token != .t_comma) {
                    break;
                }

                try p.lexer.next();

                if (p.lexer.token == .t_greater_than) {
                    result = .definitely_type_parameters;
                    break;
                }
            }

            try p.lexer.expectGreaterThan(false);
            return result;
        }

        fn createDefaultName(p: *P, loc: logger.Loc) !js_ast.LocRef {
            const identifier = try std.fmt.allocPrint(p.allocator, "{s}_default", .{try p.source.path.name.nonUniqueNameString(p.allocator)});

            const name = js_ast.LocRef{ .loc = loc, .ref = try p.newSymbol(Symbol.Kind.other, identifier) };

            var scope = p.current_scope;

            try scope.generated.push(p.allocator, name.ref.?);

            return name;
        }

        pub fn newSymbol(p: *P, kind: Symbol.Kind, identifier: string) !Ref {
            const inner_index: Ref.Int = @truncate(p.symbols.items.len);
            try p.symbols.append(Symbol{
                .kind = kind,
                .original_name = identifier,
            });

            if (is_typescript_enabled) {
                try p.ts_use_counts.append(p.allocator, 0);
            }

            return Ref{
                .inner_index = inner_index,
                .source_index = @intCast(p.source.index.get()),
                .tag = .symbol,
            };
        }

        fn parseLabelName(p: *P) !?js_ast.LocRef {
            if (p.lexer.token != .t_identifier or p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                return null;
            }

            const name = LocRef{ .loc = p.lexer.loc(), .ref = try p.storeNameInRef(p.lexer.identifier) };
            try p.lexer.next();
            return name;
        }

        fn parseClassStmt(p: *P, loc: logger.Loc, opts: *ParseStatementOptions) !Stmt {
            var name: ?js_ast.LocRef = null;
            const class_keyword = p.lexer.range();
            if (p.lexer.token == .t_class) {
                //marksyntaxfeature
                try p.lexer.next();
            } else {
                try p.lexer.expected(.t_class);
            }

            const is_identifier = p.lexer.token == .t_identifier;

            if (!opts.is_name_optional or (is_identifier and (!is_typescript_enabled or !strings.eqlComptime(p.lexer.identifier, "implements")))) {
                const name_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                const name_text = p.lexer.identifier;
                try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);

                // We must return here
                // or the lexer will crash loop!
                // example:
                // export class {}
                if (!is_identifier) {
                    return error.SyntaxError;
                }

                if (p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.allow_await != .allow_ident and strings.eqlComptime(name_text, "await")) {
                    try p.log.addRangeError(p.source, p.lexer.range(), "Cannot use \"await\" as an identifier here");
                }

                name = LocRef{ .loc = name_loc, .ref = null };
                if (!opts.is_typescript_declare) {
                    (name orelse unreachable).ref = p.declareSymbol(.class, name_loc, name_text) catch unreachable;
                }
            }

            // Even anonymous classes can have TypeScript type parameters
            if (is_typescript_enabled) {
                _ = try p.skipTypeScriptTypeParameters(.{
                    .allow_in_out_variance_annotations = true,
                    .allow_const_modifier = true,
                });
            }
            var class_opts = ParseClassOptions{
                .allow_ts_decorators = true,
                .is_type_script_declare = opts.is_typescript_declare,
            };
            if (opts.ts_decorators) |dec| {
                class_opts.ts_decorators = dec.values;
            }

            const scope_index = p.pushScopeForParsePass(.class_name, loc) catch unreachable;
            const class = try p.parseClass(class_keyword, name, class_opts);

            if (comptime is_typescript_enabled) {
                if (opts.is_typescript_declare) {
                    p.popAndDiscardScope(scope_index);
                    if (opts.is_namespace_scope and opts.is_export) {
                        p.has_non_local_export_declare_inside_namespace = true;
                    }

                    return p.s(S.TypeScript{}, loc);
                }
            }

            p.popScope();
            return p.s(S.Class{
                .class = class,
                .is_export = opts.is_export,
            }, loc);
        }

        fn defaultNameForExpr(p: *P, expr: Expr, loc: logger.Loc) LocRef {
            switch (expr.data) {
                .e_function => |func_container| {
                    if (func_container.func.name) |_name| {
                        if (_name.ref) |ref| {
                            return LocRef{ .loc = loc, .ref = ref };
                        }
                    }
                },
                .e_identifier => |ident| {
                    return LocRef{ .loc = loc, .ref = ident.ref };
                },
                .e_import_identifier => |ident| {
                    if (!allow_macros or (allow_macros and !p.macro.refs.contains(ident.ref))) {
                        return LocRef{ .loc = loc, .ref = ident.ref };
                    }
                },
                .e_class => |class| {
                    if (class.class_name) |_name| {
                        if (_name.ref) |ref| {
                            return LocRef{ .loc = loc, .ref = ref };
                        }
                    }
                },
                else => {},
            }

            return createDefaultName(p, loc) catch unreachable;
        }

        fn parseStmt(p: *P, opts: *ParseStatementOptions) anyerror!Stmt {
            if (!p.stack_check.isSafeToRecurse()) {
                try bun.throwStackOverflow();
            }

            const loc = p.lexer.loc();

            switch (p.lexer.token) {
                .t_semicolon => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    return Stmt.empty();
                },

                .t_export => {
                    const previous_export_keyword = p.esm_export_keyword;
                    if (opts.is_module_scope) {
                        p.esm_export_keyword = p.lexer.range();
                    } else if (!opts.is_namespace_scope) {
                        try p.lexer.unexpected();
                        return error.SyntaxError;
                    }
                    try p.lexer.next();

                    // TypeScript decorators only work on class declarations
                    // "@decorator export class Foo {}"
                    // "@decorator export abstract class Foo {}"
                    // "@decorator export default class Foo {}"
                    // "@decorator export default abstract class Foo {}"
                    // "@decorator export declare class Foo {}"
                    // "@decorator export declare abstract class Foo {}"
                    if (opts.ts_decorators != null and p.lexer.token != js_lexer.T.t_class and
                        p.lexer.token != js_lexer.T.t_default and
                        !p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("abstract") and
                        !p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("declare"))
                    {
                        try p.lexer.expected(js_lexer.T.t_class);
                    }

                    switch (p.lexer.token) {
                        T.t_class, T.t_const, T.t_function, T.t_var => {
                            opts.is_export = true;
                            return p.parseStmt(opts);
                        },

                        T.t_import => {
                            // "export import foo = bar"
                            if (is_typescript_enabled and (opts.is_module_scope or opts.is_namespace_scope)) {
                                opts.is_export = true;
                                return p.parseStmt(opts);
                            }

                            try p.lexer.unexpected();
                            return error.SyntaxError;
                        },

                        T.t_enum => {
                            if (!is_typescript_enabled) {
                                try p.lexer.unexpected();
                                return error.SyntaxError;
                            }

                            opts.is_export = true;
                            return p.parseStmt(opts);
                        },

                        T.t_identifier => {
                            if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("let")) {
                                opts.is_export = true;
                                return p.parseStmt(opts);
                            }

                            if (comptime is_typescript_enabled) {
                                if (opts.is_typescript_declare and p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("as")) {
                                    // "export as namespace ns;"
                                    try p.lexer.next();
                                    try p.lexer.expectContextualKeyword("namespace");
                                    try p.lexer.expect(T.t_identifier);
                                    try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();

                                    return p.s(S.TypeScript{}, loc);
                                }
                            }

                            if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("async")) {
                                const asyncRange = p.lexer.range();
                                try p.lexer.next();
                                if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                                    try p.log.addRangeError(p.source, asyncRange, "Unexpected newline after \"async\"");
                                }

                                try p.lexer.expect(T.t_function);
                                opts.is_export = true;
                                return try p.parseFnStmt(loc, opts, asyncRange);
                            }

                            if (is_typescript_enabled) {
                                if (TypeScript.Identifier.forStr(p.lexer.identifier)) |ident| {
                                    switch (ident) {
                                        .s_type => {
                                            // "export type foo = ..."
                                            const type_range = p.lexer.range();
                                            try p.lexer.next();
                                            if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                                                try p.log.addErrorFmt(p.source, type_range.end(), p.allocator, "Unexpected newline after \"type\"", .{});
                                                return error.SyntaxError;
                                            }
                                            var skipper = ParseStatementOptions{ .is_module_scope = opts.is_module_scope, .is_export = true };
                                            try p.skipTypeScriptTypeStmt(&skipper);
                                            return p.s(S.TypeScript{}, loc);
                                        },
                                        .s_namespace, .s_abstract, .s_module, .s_interface => {
                                            // "export namespace Foo {}"
                                            // "export abstract class Foo {}"
                                            // "export module Foo {}"
                                            // "export interface Foo {}"
                                            opts.is_export = true;
                                            return try p.parseStmt(opts);
                                        },
                                        .s_declare => {
                                            // "export declare class Foo {}"
                                            opts.is_export = true;
                                            opts.lexical_decl = .allow_all;
                                            opts.is_typescript_declare = true;
                                            return try p.parseStmt(opts);
                                        },
                                    }
                                }
                            }

                            try p.lexer.unexpected();
                            return error.SyntaxError;
                        },

                        T.t_default => {
                            if (!opts.is_module_scope and (!opts.is_namespace_scope or !opts.is_typescript_declare)) {
                                try p.lexer.unexpected();
                                return error.SyntaxError;
                            }

                            const defaultLoc = p.lexer.loc();
                            try p.lexer.next();

                            // TypeScript decorators only work on class declarations
                            // "@decorator export default class Foo {}"
                            // "@decorator export default abstract class Foo {}"
                            if (opts.ts_decorators != null and p.lexer.token != T.t_class and !p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("abstract")) {
                                try p.lexer.expected(T.t_class);
                            }

                            if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("async")) {
                                const async_range = p.lexer.range();
                                try p.lexer.next();
                                if (p.lexer.token == T.t_function and !p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                                    try p.lexer.next();
                                    var stmtOpts = ParseStatementOptions{
                                        .is_name_optional = true,
                                        .lexical_decl = .allow_all,
                                    };
                                    const stmt = try p.parseFnStmt(loc, &stmtOpts, async_range);
                                    if (@as(Stmt.Tag, stmt.data) == .s_type_script) {
                                        // This was just a type annotation
                                        return stmt;
                                    }

                                    const defaultName = if (stmt.data.s_function.func.name) |name|
                                        js_ast.LocRef{ .loc = name.loc, .ref = name.ref }
                                    else
                                        try p.createDefaultName(defaultLoc);

                                    const value = js_ast.StmtOrExpr{ .stmt = stmt };
                                    return p.s(S.ExportDefault{ .default_name = defaultName, .value = value }, loc);
                                }

                                const defaultName = try createDefaultName(p, loc);

                                const prefix_expr = try p.parseAsyncPrefixExpr(async_range, Level.comma);
                                const expr = try p.parseSuffix(prefix_expr, Level.comma, null, Expr.EFlags.none);
                                try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();
                                const value = js_ast.StmtOrExpr{ .expr = expr };
                                p.has_export_default = true;
                                return p.s(S.ExportDefault{ .default_name = defaultName, .value = value }, loc);
                            }

                            if (p.lexer.token == .t_function or p.lexer.token == .t_class or p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("interface")) {
                                var _opts = ParseStatementOptions{
                                    .ts_decorators = opts.ts_decorators,
                                    .is_name_optional = true,
                                    .lexical_decl = .allow_all,
                                };
                                const stmt = try p.parseStmt(&_opts);

                                const default_name: js_ast.LocRef = default_name_getter: {
                                    switch (stmt.data) {
                                        // This was just a type annotation
                                        .s_type_script => {
                                            return stmt;
                                        },

                                        .s_function => |func_container| {
                                            if (func_container.func.name) |name| {
                                                break :default_name_getter LocRef{ .loc = name.loc, .ref = name.ref };
                                            }
                                        },
                                        .s_class => |class| {
                                            if (class.class.class_name) |name| {
                                                break :default_name_getter LocRef{ .loc = name.loc, .ref = name.ref };
                                            }
                                        },
                                        else => {},
                                    }

                                    break :default_name_getter createDefaultName(p, defaultLoc) catch unreachable;
                                };
                                p.has_export_default = true;
                                p.has_es_module_syntax = true;
                                return p.s(
                                    S.ExportDefault{ .default_name = default_name, .value = js_ast.StmtOrExpr{ .stmt = stmt } },
                                    loc,
                                );
                            }

                            const is_identifier = p.lexer.token == .t_identifier;
                            const name = p.lexer.identifier;
                            const expr = try p.parseExpr(.comma);

                            // Handle the default export of an abstract class in TypeScript
                            if (is_typescript_enabled and is_identifier and (p.lexer.token == .t_class or opts.ts_decorators != null) and strings.eqlComptime(name, "abstract")) {
                                switch (expr.data) {
                                    .e_identifier => {
                                        var stmtOpts = ParseStatementOptions{
                                            .ts_decorators = opts.ts_decorators,
                                            .is_name_optional = true,
                                        };
                                        const stmt: Stmt = try p.parseClassStmt(loc, &stmtOpts);

                                        // Use the statement name if present, since it's a better name
                                        const default_name: js_ast.LocRef = default_name_getter: {
                                            switch (stmt.data) {
                                                // This was just a type annotation
                                                .s_type_script => {
                                                    return stmt;
                                                },

                                                .s_function => |func_container| {
                                                    if (func_container.func.name) |_name| {
                                                        break :default_name_getter LocRef{ .loc = defaultLoc, .ref = _name.ref };
                                                    }
                                                },
                                                .s_class => |class| {
                                                    if (class.class.class_name) |_name| {
                                                        break :default_name_getter LocRef{ .loc = defaultLoc, .ref = _name.ref };
                                                    }
                                                },
                                                else => {},
                                            }

                                            break :default_name_getter createDefaultName(p, defaultLoc) catch unreachable;
                                        };
                                        p.has_export_default = true;
                                        return p.s(S.ExportDefault{ .default_name = default_name, .value = js_ast.StmtOrExpr{ .stmt = stmt } }, loc);
                                    },
                                    else => {
                                        p.panic("internal error: unexpected", .{});
                                    },
                                }
                            }

                            try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();

                            // Use the expression name if present, since it's a better name
                            p.has_export_default = true;
                            return p.s(
                                S.ExportDefault{
                                    .default_name = p.defaultNameForExpr(expr, defaultLoc),
                                    .value = js_ast.StmtOrExpr{
                                        .expr = expr,
                                    },
                                },
                                loc,
                            );
                        },
                        T.t_asterisk => {
                            if (!opts.is_module_scope and !(opts.is_namespace_scope or !opts.is_typescript_declare)) {
                                try p.lexer.unexpected();
                                return error.SyntaxError;
                            }

                            try p.lexer.next();
                            var namespace_ref: Ref = Ref.None;
                            var alias: ?js_ast.G.ExportStarAlias = null;
                            var path: ParsedPath = undefined;

                            if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("as")) {
                                // "export * as ns from 'path'"
                                try p.lexer.next();
                                const name = try p.parseClauseAlias("export");
                                namespace_ref = try p.storeNameInRef(name);
                                alias = G.ExportStarAlias{ .loc = p.lexer.loc(), .original_name = name };
                                try p.lexer.next();
                                try p.lexer.expectContextualKeyword("from");
                                path = try p.parsePath();
                            } else {
                                // "export * from 'path'"
                                try p.lexer.expectContextualKeyword("from");
                                path = try p.parsePath();
                                const name = try fs.PathName.init(path.text).nonUniqueNameString(p.allocator);
                                namespace_ref = try p.storeNameInRef(name);
                            }

                            const import_record_index = p.addImportRecord(
                                ImportKind.stmt,
                                path.loc,
                                path.text,
                                // TODO: import assertions
                                // path.assertions
                            );

                            if (path.is_macro) {
                                try p.log.addError(p.source, path.loc, "cannot use macro in export statement");
                            } else if (path.import_tag != .none) {
                                try p.log.addError(p.source, loc, "cannot use export statement with \"type\" attribute");
                            }

                            if (comptime track_symbol_usage_during_parse_pass) {
                                // In the scan pass, we need _some_ way of knowing *not* to mark as unused
                                p.import_records.items[import_record_index].calls_runtime_re_export_fn = true;
                            }

                            try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();
                            p.has_es_module_syntax = true;
                            return p.s(S.ExportStar{
                                .namespace_ref = namespace_ref,
                                .alias = alias,
                                .import_record_index = import_record_index,
                            }, loc);
                        },
                        T.t_open_brace => {
                            if (!opts.is_module_scope and !(opts.is_namespace_scope or !opts.is_typescript_declare)) {
                                try p.lexer.unexpected();
                                return error.SyntaxError;
                            }

                            const export_clause = try p.parseExportClause();
                            if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("from")) {
                                try p.lexer.expectContextualKeyword("from");
                                const parsedPath = try p.parsePath();

                                try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();

                                if (comptime is_typescript_enabled) {
                                    // export {type Foo} from 'bar';
                                    // ->
                                    // nothing
                                    // https://www.typescriptlang.org/play?useDefineForClassFields=true&esModuleInterop=false&declaration=false&target=99&isolatedModules=false&ts=4.5.4#code/KYDwDg9gTgLgBDAnmYcDeAxCEC+cBmUEAtnAOQBGAhlGQNwBQQA
                                    if (export_clause.clauses.len == 0 and export_clause.had_type_only_exports) {
                                        return p.s(S.TypeScript{}, loc);
                                    }
                                }

                                if (parsedPath.is_macro) {
                                    try p.log.addError(p.source, loc, "export from cannot be used with \"type\": \"macro\"");
                                } else if (parsedPath.import_tag != .none) {
                                    try p.log.addError(p.source, loc, "export from cannot be used with \"type\" attribute");
                                }

                                const import_record_index = p.addImportRecord(.stmt, parsedPath.loc, parsedPath.text);
                                const path_name = fs.PathName.init(parsedPath.text);
                                const namespace_ref = p.storeNameInRef(
                                    std.fmt.allocPrint(
                                        p.allocator,
                                        "import_{}",
                                        .{
                                            path_name.fmtIdentifier(),
                                        },
                                    ) catch bun.outOfMemory(),
                                ) catch bun.outOfMemory();

                                if (comptime track_symbol_usage_during_parse_pass) {
                                    // In the scan pass, we need _some_ way of knowing *not* to mark as unused
                                    p.import_records.items[import_record_index].calls_runtime_re_export_fn = true;
                                }
                                p.current_scope.is_after_const_local_prefix = true;
                                p.has_es_module_syntax = true;
                                return p.s(
                                    S.ExportFrom{
                                        .items = export_clause.clauses,
                                        .is_single_line = export_clause.is_single_line,
                                        .namespace_ref = namespace_ref,
                                        .import_record_index = import_record_index,
                                    },
                                    loc,
                                );
                            }
                            try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();

                            if (comptime is_typescript_enabled) {
                                // export {type Foo};
                                // ->
                                // nothing
                                // https://www.typescriptlang.org/play?useDefineForClassFields=true&esModuleInterop=false&declaration=false&target=99&isolatedModules=false&ts=4.5.4#code/KYDwDg9gTgLgBDAnmYcDeAxCEC+cBmUEAtnAOQBGAhlGQNwBQQA
                                if (export_clause.clauses.len == 0 and export_clause.had_type_only_exports) {
                                    return p.s(S.TypeScript{}, loc);
                                }
                            }
                            p.has_es_module_syntax = true;
                            return p.s(S.ExportClause{
                                .items = export_clause.clauses,
                                .is_single_line = export_clause.is_single_line,
                            }, loc);
                        },
                        T.t_equals => {
                            // "export = value;"

                            p.esm_export_keyword = previous_export_keyword; // This wasn't an ESM export statement after all
                            if (is_typescript_enabled) {
                                try p.lexer.next();
                                const value = try p.parseExpr(.lowest);
                                try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();
                                return p.s(S.ExportEquals{ .value = value }, loc);
                            }
                            try p.lexer.unexpected();
                            return error.SyntaxError;
                        },
                        else => {
                            try p.lexer.unexpected();
                            return error.SyntaxError;
                        },
                    }
                },

                .t_function => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    return try p.parseFnStmt(loc, opts, null);
                },
                .t_enum => {
                    if (!is_typescript_enabled) {
                        try p.lexer.unexpected();
                        return error.SyntaxError;
                    }
                    return p.parseTypescriptEnumStmt(loc, opts);
                },
                .t_at => {
                    // Parse decorators before class statements, which are potentially exported
                    if (is_typescript_enabled) {
                        const scope_index = p.scopes_in_order.items.len;
                        const ts_decorators = try p.parseTypeScriptDecorators();

                        // If this turns out to be a "declare class" statement, we need to undo the
                        // scopes that were potentially pushed while parsing the decorator arguments.
                        // That can look like any one of the following:
                        //
                        //   "@decorator declare class Foo {}"
                        //   "@decorator declare abstract class Foo {}"
                        //   "@decorator export declare class Foo {}"
                        //   "@decorator export declare abstract class Foo {}"
                        //
                        opts.ts_decorators = DeferredTsDecorators{
                            .values = ts_decorators,
                            .scope_index = scope_index,
                        };

                        // "@decorator class Foo {}"
                        // "@decorator abstract class Foo {}"
                        // "@decorator declare class Foo {}"
                        // "@decorator declare abstract class Foo {}"
                        // "@decorator export class Foo {}"
                        // "@decorator export abstract class Foo {}"
                        // "@decorator export declare class Foo {}"
                        // "@decorator export declare abstract class Foo {}"
                        // "@decorator export default class Foo {}"
                        // "@decorator export default abstract class Foo {}"
                        if (p.lexer.token != .t_class and p.lexer.token != .t_export and !p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("abstract") and !p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("declare")) {
                            try p.lexer.expected(.t_class);
                        }

                        return p.parseStmt(opts);
                    }
                    // notimpl();

                    try p.lexer.unexpected();
                    return error.SyntaxError;
                },
                .t_class => {
                    if (opts.lexical_decl != .allow_all) {
                        try p.forbidLexicalDecl(loc);
                    }

                    return try p.parseClassStmt(loc, opts);
                },
                .t_var => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    const decls = try p.parseAndDeclareDecls(.hoisted, opts);
                    try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();
                    return p.s(S.Local{ .kind = .k_var, .decls = Decl.List.fromList(decls), .is_export = opts.is_export }, loc);
                },
                .t_const => {
                    if (opts.lexical_decl != .allow_all) {
                        try p.forbidLexicalDecl(loc);
                    }
                    // p.markSyntaxFeature(compat.Const, p.lexer.Range())

                    try p.lexer.next();

                    if (is_typescript_enabled and p.lexer.token == T.t_enum) {
                        return p.parseTypescriptEnumStmt(loc, opts);
                    }

                    const decls = try p.parseAndDeclareDecls(.constant, opts);
                    try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();

                    if (!opts.is_typescript_declare) {
                        try p.requireInitializers(.k_const, decls.items);
                    }

                    return p.s(S.Local{ .kind = .k_const, .decls = Decl.List.fromList(decls), .is_export = opts.is_export }, loc);
                },
                .t_if => {
                    var current_loc = loc;
                    var root_if: ?Stmt = null;
                    var current_if: ?*S.If = null;

                    while (true) {
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_paren);
                        const test_ = try p.parseExpr(.lowest);
                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_paren);
                        var stmtOpts = ParseStatementOptions{
                            .lexical_decl = .allow_fn_inside_if,
                        };
                        const yes = try p.parseStmt(&stmtOpts);

                        // Create the if node
                        const if_stmt = p.s(S.If{
                            .test_ = test_,
                            .yes = yes,
                            .no = null,
                        }, current_loc);

                        // First if statement becomes root
                        if (root_if == null) {
                            root_if = if_stmt;
                        }

                        // Link to previous if statement's else branch
                        if (current_if) |prev_if| {
                            prev_if.no = if_stmt;
                        }

                        // Set current if for next iteration
                        current_if = if_stmt.data.s_if;

                        if (p.lexer.token != .t_else) {
                            return root_if.?;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();

                        // Handle final else
                        if (p.lexer.token != .t_if) {
                            stmtOpts = ParseStatementOptions{
                                .lexical_decl = .allow_fn_inside_if,
                            };
                            current_if.?.no = try p.parseStmt(&stmtOpts);
                            return root_if.?;
                        }

                        // Continue with else if
                        current_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                    }

                    unreachable;
                },
                .t_do => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    var stmtOpts = ParseStatementOptions{};
                    const body = try p.parseStmt(&stmtOpts);
                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_while);
                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_paren);
                    const test_ = try p.parseExpr(.lowest);
                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_paren);

                    // This is a weird corner case where automatic semicolon insertion applies
                    // even without a newline present
                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_semicolon) {
                        try p.lexer.next();
                    }
                    return p.s(S.DoWhile{ .body = body, .test_ = test_ }, loc);
                },
                .t_while => {
                    try p.lexer.next();

                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_paren);
                    const test_ = try p.parseExpr(.lowest);
                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_paren);

                    var stmtOpts = ParseStatementOptions{};
                    const body = try p.parseStmt(&stmtOpts);

                    return p.s(S.While{
                        .body = body,
                        .test_ = test_,
                    }, loc);
                },
                .t_with => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_paren);
                    const test_ = try p.parseExpr(.lowest);
                    const body_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_paren);

                    // Push a scope so we make sure to prevent any bare identifiers referenced
                    // within the body from being renamed. Renaming them might change the
                    // semantics of the code.
                    _ = try p.pushScopeForParsePass(.with, body_loc);
                    var stmtOpts = ParseStatementOptions{};
                    const body = try p.parseStmt(&stmtOpts);
                    p.popScope();

                    return p.s(S.With{ .body = body, .body_loc = body_loc, .value = test_ }, loc);
                },
                .t_switch => {
                    try p.lexer.next();

                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_paren);
                    const test_ = try p.parseExpr(.lowest);
                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_paren);

                    const body_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                    _ = try p.pushScopeForParsePass(.block, body_loc);
                    defer p.popScope();

                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_brace);
                    var cases = ListManaged(js_ast.Case).init(p.allocator);
                    var foundDefault = false;
                    var stmtOpts = ParseStatementOptions{ .lexical_decl = .allow_all };
                    var value: ?js_ast.Expr = null;
                    while (p.lexer.token != .t_close_brace) {
                        var body = StmtList.init(p.allocator);
                        value = null;
                        if (p.lexer.token == .t_default) {
                            if (foundDefault) {
                                try p.log.addRangeError(p.source, p.lexer.range(), "Multiple default clauses are not allowed");
                                return error.SyntaxError;
                            }

                            foundDefault = true;
                            try p.lexer.next();
                            try p.lexer.expect(.t_colon);
                        } else {
                            try p.lexer.expect(.t_case);
                            value = try p.parseExpr(.lowest);
                            try p.lexer.expect(.t_colon);
                        }

                        caseBody: while (true) {
                            switch (p.lexer.token) {
                                .t_close_brace, .t_case, .t_default => {
                                    break :caseBody;
                                },
                                else => {
                                    stmtOpts = ParseStatementOptions{ .lexical_decl = .allow_all };
                                    try body.append(try p.parseStmt(&stmtOpts));
                                },
                            }
                        }
                        try cases.append(js_ast.Case{ .value = value, .body = body.items, .loc = logger.Loc.Empty });
                    }
                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_brace);
                    return p.s(S.Switch{ .test_ = test_, .body_loc = body_loc, .cases = cases.items }, loc);
                },
                .t_try => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    const body_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_brace);
                    _ = try p.pushScopeForParsePass(.block, loc);
                    var stmt_opts = ParseStatementOptions{};
                    const body = try p.parseStmtsUpTo(.t_close_brace, &stmt_opts);
                    p.popScope();
                    try p.lexer.next();

                    var catch_: ?js_ast.Catch = null;
                    var finally: ?js_ast.Finally = null;

                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_catch) {
                        const catch_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                        _ = try p.pushScopeForParsePass(.catch_binding, catch_loc);
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        var binding: ?js_ast.Binding = null;

                        // The catch binding is optional, and can be omitted
                        if (p.lexer.token != .t_open_brace) {
                            try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_paren);
                            var value = try p.parseBinding(.{});

                            // Skip over types
                            if (is_typescript_enabled and p.lexer.token == .t_colon) {
                                try p.lexer.expect(.t_colon);
                                try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                            }

                            try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_paren);

                            // Bare identifiers are a special case
                            var kind = Symbol.Kind.other;
                            switch (value.data) {
                                .b_identifier => {
                                    kind = .catch_identifier;
                                },
                                else => {},
                            }
                            try p.declareBinding(kind, &value, &stmt_opts);
                            binding = value;
                        }

                        const catch_body_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_brace);

                        _ = try p.pushScopeForParsePass(.block, catch_body_loc);
                        const stmts = try p.parseStmtsUpTo(.t_close_brace, &stmt_opts);
                        p.popScope();
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        catch_ = js_ast.Catch{
                            .loc = catch_loc,
                            .binding = binding,
                            .body = stmts,
                            .body_loc = catch_body_loc,
                        };
                        p.popScope();
                    }

                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_finally or catch_ == null) {
                        const finally_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                        _ = try p.pushScopeForParsePass(.block, finally_loc);
                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_finally);
                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_brace);
                        const stmts = try p.parseStmtsUpTo(.t_close_brace, &stmt_opts);
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        finally = js_ast.Finally{ .loc = finally_loc, .stmts = stmts };
                        p.popScope();
                    }

                    return p.s(
                        S.Try{ .body_loc = body_loc, .body = body, .catch_ = catch_, .finally = finally },
                        loc,
                    );
                },
                .t_for => {
                    _ = try p.pushScopeForParsePass(.block, loc);
                    defer p.popScope();

                    try p.lexer.next();

                    // "for await (let x of y) {}"
                    var isForAwait = p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("await");
                    if (isForAwait) {
                        const await_range = p.lexer.range();
                        if (p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.allow_await != .allow_expr) {
                            try p.log.addRangeError(p.source, await_range, "Cannot use \"await\" outside an async function");
                            isForAwait = false;
                        } else {
                            // TODO: improve error handling here
                            //                 didGenerateError := p.markSyntaxFeature(compat.ForAwait, awaitRange)
                            if (p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.is_top_level) {
                                p.top_level_await_keyword = await_range;
                                // p.markSyntaxFeature(compat.TopLevelAwait, awaitRange)
                            }
                        }
                        try p.lexer.next();
                    }

                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_paren);

                    var init_: ?Stmt = null;
                    var test_: ?Expr = null;
                    var update: ?Expr = null;

                    // "in" expressions aren't allowed here
                    p.allow_in = false;

                    var bad_let_range: ?logger.Range = null;
                    if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("let")) {
                        bad_let_range = p.lexer.range();
                    }

                    var decls: G.Decl.List = .{};
                    const init_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                    var is_var = false;
                    switch (p.lexer.token) {
                        // for (var )
                        .t_var => {
                            is_var = true;
                            try p.lexer.next();
                            var stmtOpts = ParseStatementOptions{};
                            decls.update(try p.parseAndDeclareDecls(.hoisted, &stmtOpts));
                            init_ = p.s(S.Local{ .kind = .k_var, .decls = Decl.List.fromList(decls) }, init_loc);
                        },
                        // for (const )
                        .t_const => {
                            try p.lexer.next();
                            var stmtOpts = ParseStatementOptions{};
                            decls.update(try p.parseAndDeclareDecls(.constant, &stmtOpts));
                            init_ = p.s(S.Local{ .kind = .k_const, .decls = Decl.List.fromList(decls) }, init_loc);
                        },
                        // for (;)
                        .t_semicolon => {},
                        else => {
                            var stmtOpts = ParseStatementOptions{
                                .lexical_decl = .allow_all,
                                .is_for_loop_init = true,
                            };

                            const res = try p.parseExprOrLetStmt(&stmtOpts);
                            switch (res.stmt_or_expr) {
                                .stmt => |stmt| {
                                    bad_let_range = null;
                                    init_ = stmt;
                                },
                                .expr => |expr| {
                                    init_ = p.s(S.SExpr{
                                        .value = expr,
                                    }, init_loc);
                                },
                            }
                        },
                    }

                    // "in" expressions are allowed again
                    p.allow_in = true;

                    // Detect for-of loops
                    if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("of") or isForAwait) {
                        if (bad_let_range) |r| {
                            try p.log.addRangeError(p.source, r, "\"let\" must be wrapped in parentheses to be used as an expression here");
                            return error.SyntaxError;
                        }

                        if (isForAwait and !p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("of")) {
                            if (init_ != null) {
                                try p.lexer.expectedString("\"of\"");
                            } else {
                                try p.lexer.unexpected();
                                return error.SyntaxError;
                            }
                        }

                        try p.forbidInitializers(decls.slice(), "of", false);
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        const value = try p.parseExpr(.comma);
                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_paren);
                        var stmtOpts = ParseStatementOptions{};
                        const body = try p.parseStmt(&stmtOpts);
                        return p.s(S.ForOf{ .is_await = isForAwait, .init = init_ orelse unreachable, .value = value, .body = body }, loc);
                    }

                    // Detect for-in loops
                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_in) {
                        try p.forbidInitializers(decls.slice(), "in", is_var);
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        const value = try p.parseExpr(.lowest);
                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_paren);
                        var stmtOpts = ParseStatementOptions{};
                        const body = try p.parseStmt(&stmtOpts);
                        return p.s(S.ForIn{ .init = init_ orelse unreachable, .value = value, .body = body }, loc);
                    }

                    // Only require "const" statement initializers when we know we're a normal for loop
                    if (init_) |init_stmt| {
                        switch (init_stmt.data) {
                            .s_local => {
                                if (init_stmt.data.s_local.kind == .k_const) {
                                    try p.requireInitializers(.k_const, decls.slice());
                                }
                            },
                            else => {},
                        }
                    }

                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_semicolon);
                    if (p.lexer.token != .t_semicolon) {
                        test_ = try p.parseExpr(.lowest);
                    }

                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_semicolon);

                    if (p.lexer.token != .t_close_paren) {
                        update = try p.parseExpr(.lowest);
                    }

                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_paren);
                    var stmtOpts = ParseStatementOptions{};
                    const body = try p.parseStmt(&stmtOpts);
                    return p.s(
                        S.For{ .init = init_, .test_ = test_, .update = update, .body = body },
                        loc,
                    );
                },
                .t_import => {
                    const previous_import_keyword = p.esm_import_keyword;
                    p.esm_import_keyword = p.lexer.range();
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    var stmt: S.Import = S.Import{
                        .namespace_ref = Ref.None,
                        .import_record_index = std.math.maxInt(u32),
                    };
                    var was_originally_bare_import = false;

                    // "export import foo = bar"
                    if ((opts.is_export or (opts.is_namespace_scope and !opts.is_typescript_declare)) and p.lexer.token != .t_identifier) {
                        try p.lexer.expected(.t_identifier);
                    }

                    switch (p.lexer.token) {
                        // "import('path')"
                        // "import.meta"
                        .t_open_paren, .t_dot => {
                            p.esm_import_keyword = previous_import_keyword; // this wasn't an esm import statement after all
                            const expr = try p.parseSuffix(try p.parseImportExpr(loc, .lowest), .lowest, null, Expr.EFlags.none);
                            try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();
                            return p.s(S.SExpr{
                                .value = expr,
                            }, loc);
                        },
                        .t_string_literal, .t_no_substitution_template_literal => {
                            // "import 'path'"
                            if (!opts.is_module_scope and (!opts.is_namespace_scope or !opts.is_typescript_declare)) {
                                try p.lexer.unexpected();
                                return error.SyntaxError;
                            }
                            was_originally_bare_import = true;
                        },
                        .t_asterisk => {
                            // "import * as ns from 'path'"
                            if (!opts.is_module_scope and (!opts.is_namespace_scope or !opts.is_typescript_declare)) {
                                try p.lexer.unexpected();
                                return error.SyntaxError;
                            }

                            try p.lexer.next();
                            try p.lexer.expectContextualKeyword("as");
                            stmt = S.Import{
                                .namespace_ref = try p.storeNameInRef(p.lexer.identifier),
                                .star_name_loc = p.lexer.loc(),
                                .import_record_index = std.math.maxInt(u32),
                            };
                            try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);
                            try p.lexer.expectContextualKeyword("from");
                        },
                        .t_open_brace => {
                            // "import {item1, item2} from 'path'"
                            if (!opts.is_module_scope and (!opts.is_namespace_scope or !opts.is_typescript_declare)) {
                                try p.lexer.unexpected();
                                return error.SyntaxError;
                            }
                            const importClause = try p.parseImportClause();
                            if (comptime is_typescript_enabled) {
                                if (importClause.had_type_only_imports and importClause.items.len == 0) {
                                    try p.lexer.expectContextualKeyword("from");
                                    _ = try p.parsePath();
                                    try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();
                                    return p.s(S.TypeScript{}, loc);
                                }
                            }

                            stmt = S.Import{
                                .namespace_ref = Ref.None,
                                .import_record_index = std.math.maxInt(u32),
                                .items = importClause.items,
                                .is_single_line = importClause.is_single_line,
                            };
                            try p.lexer.expectContextualKeyword("from");
                        },
                        .t_identifier => {
                            // "import defaultItem from 'path'"
                            // "import foo = bar"
                            if (!opts.is_module_scope and (!opts.is_namespace_scope)) {
                                try p.lexer.unexpected();
                                return error.SyntaxError;
                            }

                            var default_name = p.lexer.identifier;
                            stmt = S.Import{ .namespace_ref = Ref.None, .import_record_index = std.math.maxInt(u32), .default_name = LocRef{
                                .loc = p.lexer.loc(),
                                .ref = try p.storeNameInRef(default_name),
                            } };
                            try p.lexer.next();

                            if (comptime is_typescript_enabled) {
                                // Skip over type-only imports
                                if (strings.eqlComptime(default_name, "type")) {
                                    switch (p.lexer.token) {
                                        .t_identifier => {
                                            if (!strings.eqlComptime(p.lexer.identifier, "from")) {
                                                default_name = p.lexer.identifier;
                                                stmt.default_name.?.loc = p.lexer.loc();
                                                try p.lexer.next();

                                                if (p.lexer.token == .t_equals) {
                                                    // "import type foo = require('bar');"
                                                    // "import type foo = bar.baz;"
                                                    opts.is_typescript_declare = true;
                                                    return try p.parseTypeScriptImportEqualsStmt(loc, opts, stmt.default_name.?.loc, default_name);
                                                } else {
                                                    // "import type foo from 'bar';"
                                                    try p.lexer.expectContextualKeyword("from");
                                                    _ = try p.parsePath();
                                                    try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();
                                                    return p.s(S.TypeScript{}, loc);
                                                }
                                            }
                                        },
                                        .t_asterisk => {
                                            // "import type * as foo from 'bar';"
                                            try p.lexer.next();
                                            try p.lexer.expectContextualKeyword("as");
                                            try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);
                                            try p.lexer.expectContextualKeyword("from");
                                            _ = try p.parsePath();
                                            try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();
                                            return p.s(S.TypeScript{}, loc);
                                        },

                                        .t_open_brace => {
                                            // "import type {foo} from 'bar';"
                                            _ = try p.parseImportClause();
                                            try p.lexer.expectContextualKeyword("from");
                                            _ = try p.parsePath();
                                            try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();
                                            return p.s(S.TypeScript{}, loc);
                                        },
                                        else => {},
                                    }
                                }

                                // Parse TypeScript import assignment statements
                                if (p.lexer.token == .t_equals or opts.is_export or (opts.is_namespace_scope and !opts.is_typescript_declare)) {
                                    p.esm_import_keyword = previous_import_keyword; // This wasn't an ESM import statement after all;
                                    return p.parseTypeScriptImportEqualsStmt(loc, opts, logger.Loc.Empty, default_name);
                                }
                            }

                            if (p.lexer.token == .t_comma) {
                                try p.lexer.next();

                                switch (p.lexer.token) {
                                    // "import defaultItem, * as ns from 'path'"
                                    .t_asterisk => {
                                        try p.lexer.next();
                                        try p.lexer.expectContextualKeyword("as");
                                        stmt.namespace_ref = try p.storeNameInRef(p.lexer.identifier);
                                        stmt.star_name_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);
                                    },
                                    // "import defaultItem, {item1, item2} from 'path'"
                                    .t_open_brace => {
                                        const importClause = try p.parseImportClause();

                                        stmt.items = importClause.items;
                                        stmt.is_single_line = importClause.is_single_line;
                                    },
                                    else => {
                                        try p.lexer.unexpected();
                                        return error.SyntaxError;
                                    },
                                }
                            }

                            try p.lexer.expectContextualKeyword("from");
                        },
                        else => {
                            try p.lexer.unexpected();
                            return error.SyntaxError;
                        },
                    }

                    const path = try p.parsePath();
                    try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();

                    return try p.processImportStatement(stmt, path, loc, was_originally_bare_import);
                },
                .t_break => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    const name = try p.parseLabelName();
                    try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();
                    return p.s(S.Break{ .label = name }, loc);
                },
                .t_continue => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    const name = try p.parseLabelName();
                    try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();
                    return p.s(S.Continue{ .label = name }, loc);
                },
                .t_return => {
                    if (p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.is_return_disallowed) {
                        try p.log.addRangeError(p.source, p.lexer.range(), "A return statement cannot be used here");
                    }
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    var value: ?Expr = null;
                    if ((p.lexer.token != .t_semicolon and
                        !p.lexer.has_newline_before and
                        p.lexer.token != .t_close_brace and
                        p.lexer.token != .t_end_of_file))
                    {
                        value = try p.parseExpr(.lowest);
                    }
                    p.latest_return_had_semicolon = p.lexer.token == .t_semicolon;
                    try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();

                    return p.s(S.Return{ .value = value }, loc);
                },
                .t_throw => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                        try p.log.addError(p.source, logger.Loc{
                            .start = loc.start + 5,
                        }, "Unexpected newline after \"throw\"");
                        return error.SyntaxError;
                    }
                    const expr = try p.parseExpr(.lowest);
                    try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();
                    return p.s(S.Throw{ .value = expr }, loc);
                },
                .t_debugger => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();
                    return p.s(S.Debugger{}, loc);
                },
                .t_open_brace => {
                    _ = try p.pushScopeForParsePass(.block, loc);
                    defer p.popScope();
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    var stmtOpts = ParseStatementOptions{};
                    const stmts = try p.parseStmtsUpTo(.t_close_brace, &stmtOpts);
                    const close_brace_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    return p.s(S.Block{
                        .stmts = stmts,
                        .close_brace_loc = close_brace_loc,
                    }, loc);
                },

                else => {
                    const is_identifier = p.lexer.token == .t_identifier;
                    const name = p.lexer.identifier;
                    // Parse either an async function, an async expression, or a normal expression
                    var expr: Expr = Expr{ .loc = loc, .data = Expr.Data{ .e_missing = .{} } };
                    if (is_identifier and strings.eqlComptime(p.lexer.raw(), "async")) {
                        const async_range = p.lexer.range();
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        if (p.lexer.token == .t_function and !p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                            try p.lexer.next();

                            return try p.parseFnStmt(async_range.loc, opts, async_range);
                        }

                        expr = try p.parseSuffix(try p.parseAsyncPrefixExpr(async_range, .lowest), .lowest, null, Expr.EFlags.none);
                    } else {
                        const exprOrLet = try p.parseExprOrLetStmt(opts);
                        switch (exprOrLet.stmt_or_expr) {
                            .stmt => |stmt| {
                                try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();
                                return stmt;
                            },
                            .expr => |_expr| {
                                expr = _expr;
                            },
                        }
                    }
                    if (is_identifier) {
                        switch (expr.data) {
                            .e_identifier => |ident| {
                                if (p.lexer.token == .t_colon and !opts.hasDecorators()) {
                                    _ = try p.pushScopeForParsePass(.label, loc);
                                    defer p.popScope();

                                    // Parse a labeled statement
                                    try p.lexer.next();

                                    const _name = LocRef{ .loc = expr.loc, .ref = ident.ref };
                                    var nestedOpts = ParseStatementOptions{};

                                    switch (opts.lexical_decl) {
                                        .allow_all, .allow_fn_inside_label => {
                                            nestedOpts.lexical_decl = .allow_fn_inside_label;
                                        },
                                        else => {},
                                    }
                                    const stmt = try p.parseStmt(&nestedOpts);
                                    return p.s(S.Label{ .name = _name, .stmt = stmt }, loc);
                                }
                            },
                            else => {},
                        }

                        if (is_typescript_enabled) {
                            if (js_lexer.TypescriptStmtKeyword.List.get(name)) |ts_stmt| {
                                switch (ts_stmt) {
                                    .ts_stmt_type => {
                                        if (p.lexer.token == .t_identifier and !p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                                            // "type Foo = any"
                                            var stmtOpts = ParseStatementOptions{ .is_module_scope = opts.is_module_scope };
                                            try p.skipTypeScriptTypeStmt(&stmtOpts);
                                            return p.s(S.TypeScript{}, loc);
                                        }
                                    },
                                    .ts_stmt_namespace, .ts_stmt_module => {
                                        // "namespace Foo {}"
                                        // "module Foo {}"
                                        // "declare module 'fs' {}"
                                        // "declare module 'fs';"
                                        if (((opts.is_module_scope or opts.is_namespace_scope) and (p.lexer.token == .t_identifier or
                                            (p.lexer.token == .t_string_literal and opts.is_typescript_declare))))
                                        {
                                            return p.parseTypeScriptNamespaceStmt(loc, opts);
                                        }
                                    },
                                    .ts_stmt_interface => {
                                        // "interface Foo {}"
                                        var stmtOpts = ParseStatementOptions{ .is_module_scope = opts.is_module_scope };

                                        try p.skipTypeScriptInterfaceStmt(&stmtOpts);
                                        return p.s(S.TypeScript{}, loc);
                                    },
                                    .ts_stmt_abstract => {
                                        if (p.lexer.token == .t_class or opts.ts_decorators != null) {
                                            return try p.parseClassStmt(loc, opts);
                                        }
                                    },
                                    .ts_stmt_global => {
                                        // "declare module 'fs' { global { namespace NodeJS {} } }"
                                        if (opts.is_namespace_scope and opts.is_typescript_declare and p.lexer.token == .t_open_brace) {
                                            try p.lexer.next();
                                            _ = try p.parseStmtsUpTo(.t_close_brace, opts);
                                            try p.lexer.next();
                                            return p.s(S.TypeScript{}, loc);
                                        }
                                    },
                                    .ts_stmt_declare => {
                                        opts.lexical_decl = .allow_all;
                                        opts.is_typescript_declare = true;

                                        // "@decorator declare class Foo {}"
                                        // "@decorator declare abstract class Foo {}"
                                        if (opts.ts_decorators != null and p.lexer.token != .t_class and !p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("abstract")) {
                                            try p.lexer.expected(.t_class);
                                        }

                                        // "declare global { ... }"
                                        if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("global")) {
                                            try p.lexer.next();
                                            try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_brace);
                                            _ = try p.parseStmtsUpTo(.t_close_brace, opts);
                                            try p.lexer.next();
                                            return p.s(S.TypeScript{}, loc);
                                        }

                                        // "declare const x: any"
                                        const stmt = try p.parseStmt(opts);
                                        if (opts.ts_decorators) |decs| {
                                            p.discardScopesUpTo(decs.scope_index);
                                        }

                                        // Unlike almost all uses of "declare", statements that use
                                        // "export declare" with "var/let/const" inside a namespace affect
                                        // code generation. They cause any declared bindings to be
                                        // considered exports of the namespace. Identifier references to
                                        // those names must be converted into property accesses off the
                                        // namespace object:
                                        //
                                        //   namespace ns {
                                        //     export declare const x
                                        //     export function y() { return x }
                                        //   }
                                        //
                                        //   (ns as any).x = 1
                                        //   console.log(ns.y())
                                        //
                                        // In this example, "return x" must be replaced with "return ns.x".
                                        // This is handled by replacing each "export declare" statement
                                        // inside a namespace with an "export var" statement containing all
                                        // of the declared bindings. That "export var" statement will later
                                        // cause identifiers to be transformed into property accesses.
                                        if (opts.is_namespace_scope and opts.is_export) {
                                            var decls: G.Decl.List = .{};
                                            switch (stmt.data) {
                                                .s_local => |local| {
                                                    var _decls = try ListManaged(G.Decl).initCapacity(p.allocator, local.decls.len);
                                                    for (local.decls.slice()) |decl| {
                                                        try extractDeclsForBinding(decl.binding, &_decls);
                                                    }
                                                    decls.update(_decls);
                                                },
                                                else => {},
                                            }

                                            if (decls.len > 0) {
                                                return p.s(S.Local{
                                                    .kind = .k_var,
                                                    .is_export = true,
                                                    .decls = decls,
                                                }, loc);
                                            }
                                        }

                                        return p.s(S.TypeScript{}, loc);
                                    },
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    // Output.print("\n\nmVALUE {s}:{s}\n", .{ expr, name });
                    try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();
                    return p.s(S.SExpr{ .value = expr }, loc);
                },
            }

            return js_ast.Stmt.empty();
        }

        fn discardScopesUpTo(p: *P, scope_index: usize) void {
            // Remove any direct children from their parent
            const scope = p.current_scope;
            var children = scope.children;
            defer scope.children = children;

            for (p.scopes_in_order.items[scope_index..]) |_child| {
                const child = _child orelse continue;

                if (child.scope.parent == p.current_scope) {
                    var i: usize = children.len - 1;
                    while (i >= 0) {
                        if (children.mut(i).* == child.scope) {
                            _ = children.orderedRemove(i);
                            break;
                        }
                        i -= 1;
                    }
                }
            }

            // Truncate the scope order where we started to pretend we never saw this scope
            p.scopes_in_order.shrinkRetainingCapacity(scope_index);
        }

        fn skipTypeScriptTypeStmt(p: *P, opts: *ParseStatementOptions) anyerror!void {
            if (opts.is_export) {
                switch (p.lexer.token) {
                    .t_open_brace => {
                        // "export type {foo}"
                        // "export type {foo} from 'bar'"
                        _ = try p.parseExportClause();
                        if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("from")) {
                            try p.lexer.next();
                            _ = try p.parsePath();
                        }
                        try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();
                        return;
                    },
                    .t_asterisk => {
                        // https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/pull/52217
                        // - export type * as Foo from 'bar';
                        // - export type Foo from 'bar';
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("as")) {
                            // "export type * as ns from 'path'"
                            try p.lexer.next();
                            _ = try p.parseClauseAlias("export");
                            try p.lexer.next();
                        }
                        try p.lexer.expectContextualKeyword("from");
                        _ = try p.parsePath();
                        try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();
                        return;
                    },
                    else => {},
                }
            }

            const name = p.lexer.identifier;
            try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);

            if (opts.is_module_scope) {
                p.local_type_names.put(p.allocator, name, true) catch unreachable;
            }

            _ = try p.skipTypeScriptTypeParameters(.{
                .allow_in_out_variance_annotations = true,
                .allow_empty_type_parameters = true,
            });

            try p.lexer.expect(.t_equals);
            try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
            try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();
        }

        fn parseTypeScriptNamespaceStmt(p: *P, loc: logger.Loc, opts: *ParseStatementOptions) anyerror!Stmt {
            // "namespace foo {}";
            const name_loc = p.lexer.loc();
            const name_text = p.lexer.identifier;
            try p.lexer.next();

            // Generate the namespace object
            const ts_namespace = p.getOrCreateExportedNamespaceMembers(name_text, opts.is_export, false);
            const exported_members = ts_namespace.exported_members;
            const ns_member_data = js_ast.TSNamespaceMember.Data{ .namespace = exported_members };

            // Declare the namespace and create the scope
            var name = LocRef{ .loc = name_loc, .ref = null };
            const scope_index = try p.pushScopeForParsePass(.entry, loc);
            p.current_scope.ts_namespace = ts_namespace;

            const old_has_non_local_export_declare_inside_namespace = p.has_non_local_export_declare_inside_namespace;
            p.has_non_local_export_declare_inside_namespace = false;

            // Parse the statements inside the namespace
            var stmts: ListManaged(Stmt) = ListManaged(Stmt).init(p.allocator);
            if (p.lexer.token == .t_dot) {
                const dot_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                try p.lexer.next();

                var _opts = ParseStatementOptions{
                    .is_export = true,
                    .is_namespace_scope = true,
                    .is_typescript_declare = opts.is_typescript_declare,
                };
                stmts.append(try p.parseTypeScriptNamespaceStmt(dot_loc, &_opts)) catch unreachable;
            } else if (opts.is_typescript_declare and p.lexer.token != .t_open_brace) {
                try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();
            } else {
                try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_brace);
                var _opts = ParseStatementOptions{
                    .is_namespace_scope = true,
                    .is_typescript_declare = opts.is_typescript_declare,
                };
                stmts = ListManaged(Stmt).fromOwnedSlice(p.allocator, try p.parseStmtsUpTo(.t_close_brace, &_opts));
                try p.lexer.next();
            }
            const has_non_local_export_declare_inside_namespace = p.has_non_local_export_declare_inside_namespace;
            p.has_non_local_export_declare_inside_namespace = old_has_non_local_export_declare_inside_namespace;

            // Add any exported members from this namespace's body as members of the
            // associated namespace object.
            for (stmts.items) |stmt| {
                switch (stmt.data) {
                    .s_function => |func| {
                        if (func.func.flags.contains(.is_export)) {
                            const locref = func.func.name.?;
                            const fn_name = p.symbols.items[locref.ref.?.inner_index].original_name;
                            try exported_members.put(p.allocator, fn_name, .{
                                .loc = locref.loc,
                                .data = .property,
                            });
                            try p.ref_to_ts_namespace_member.put(
                                p.allocator,
                                locref.ref.?,
                                .property,
                            );
                        }
                    },
                    .s_class => |class| {
                        if (class.is_export) {
                            const locref = class.class.class_name.?;
                            const class_name = p.symbols.items[locref.ref.?.inner_index].original_name;
                            try exported_members.put(p.allocator, class_name, .{
                                .loc = locref.loc,
                                .data = .property,
                            });
                            try p.ref_to_ts_namespace_member.put(
                                p.allocator,
                                locref.ref.?,
                                .property,
                            );
                        }
                    },
                    inline .s_namespace, .s_enum => |ns| {
                        if (ns.is_export) {
                            if (p.ref_to_ts_namespace_member.get(ns.name.ref.?)) |member_data| {
                                try exported_members.put(
                                    p.allocator,
                                    p.symbols.items[ns.name.ref.?.inner_index].original_name,
                                    .{
                                        .data = member_data,
                                        .loc = ns.name.loc,
                                    },
                                );
                                try p.ref_to_ts_namespace_member.put(
                                    p.allocator,
                                    ns.name.ref.?,
                                    member_data,
                                );
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .s_local => |local| {
                        if (local.is_export) {
                            for (local.decls.slice()) |decl| {
                                try p.defineExportedNamespaceBinding(
                                    exported_members,
                                    decl.binding,
                                );
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    else => {},
                }
            }

            // Import assignments may be only used in type expressions, not value
            // expressions. If this is the case, the TypeScript compiler removes
            // them entirely from the output. That can cause the namespace itself
            // to be considered empty and thus be removed.
            var import_equal_count: usize = 0;
            for (stmts.items) |stmt| {
                switch (stmt.data) {
                    .s_local => |local| {
                        if (local.was_ts_import_equals and !local.is_export) {
                            import_equal_count += 1;
                        }
                    },
                    else => {},
                }
            }

            // TypeScript omits namespaces without values. These namespaces
            // are only allowed to be used in type expressions. They are
            // allowed to be exported, but can also only be used in type
            // expressions when imported. So we shouldn't count them as a
            // real export either.
            //
            // TypeScript also strangely counts namespaces containing only
            // "export declare" statements as non-empty even though "declare"
            // statements are only type annotations. We cannot omit the namespace
            // in that case. See https://github.com/evanw/esbuild/issues/1158.
            if ((stmts.items.len == import_equal_count and !has_non_local_export_declare_inside_namespace) or opts.is_typescript_declare) {
                p.popAndDiscardScope(scope_index);
                if (opts.is_module_scope) {
                    p.local_type_names.put(p.allocator, name_text, true) catch unreachable;
                }
                return p.s(S.TypeScript{}, loc);
            }

            var arg_ref = Ref.None;
            if (!opts.is_typescript_declare) {
                // Avoid a collision with the namespace closure argument variable if the
                // namespace exports a symbol with the same name as the namespace itself:
                //
                //   namespace foo {
                //     export let foo = 123
                //     console.log(foo)
                //   }
                //
                // TypeScript generates the following code in this case:
                //
                //   var foo;
                //   (function (foo_1) {
                //     foo_1.foo = 123;
                //     console.log(foo_1.foo);
                //   })(foo || (foo = {}));
                //
                if (p.current_scope.members.contains(name_text)) {
                    // Add a "_" to make tests easier to read, since non-bundler tests don't
                    // run the renamer. For external-facing things the renamer will avoid
                    // collisions automatically so this isn't important for correctness.
                    arg_ref = p.newSymbol(.hoisted, strings.cat(p.allocator, "_", name_text) catch unreachable) catch unreachable;
                    p.current_scope.generated.push(p.allocator, arg_ref) catch unreachable;
                } else {
                    arg_ref = p.newSymbol(.hoisted, name_text) catch unreachable;
                }
                ts_namespace.arg_ref = arg_ref;
            }
            p.popScope();

            if (!opts.is_typescript_declare) {
                name.ref = p.declareSymbol(.ts_namespace, name_loc, name_text) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                try p.ref_to_ts_namespace_member.put(p.allocator, name.ref.?, ns_member_data);
            }

            return p.s(S.Namespace{
                .name = name,
                .arg = arg_ref,
                .stmts = stmts.items,
                .is_export = opts.is_export,
            }, loc);
        }

        fn defineExportedNamespaceBinding(
            p: *P,
            exported_members: *js_ast.TSNamespaceMemberMap,
            binding: Binding,
        ) !void {
            switch (binding.data) {
                .b_missing => {},
                .b_identifier => |id| {
                    const name = p.symbols.items[id.ref.inner_index].original_name;
                    try exported_members.put(p.allocator, name, .{
                        .loc = binding.loc,
                        .data = .property,
                    });
                    try p.ref_to_ts_namespace_member.put(
                        p.allocator,
                        id.ref,
                        .property,
                    );
                },
                .b_object => |obj| {
                    for (obj.properties) |prop| {
                        try p.defineExportedNamespaceBinding(exported_members, prop.value);
                    }
                },
                .b_array => |obj| {
                    for (obj.items) |prop| {
                        try p.defineExportedNamespaceBinding(exported_members, prop.binding);
                    }
                },
            }
        }

        fn skipTypeScriptInterfaceStmt(p: *P, opts: *ParseStatementOptions) anyerror!void {
            const name = p.lexer.identifier;
            try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);

            if (opts.is_module_scope) {
                p.local_type_names.put(p.allocator, name, true) catch unreachable;
            }

            _ = try p.skipTypeScriptTypeParameters(.{
                .allow_in_out_variance_annotations = true,
                .allow_empty_type_parameters = true,
            });

            if (p.lexer.token == .t_extends) {
                try p.lexer.next();

                while (true) {
                    try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                    if (p.lexer.token != .t_comma) {
                        break;
                    }
                    try p.lexer.next();
                }
            }

            if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("implements")) {
                try p.lexer.next();
                while (true) {
                    try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                    if (p.lexer.token != .t_comma) {
                        break;
                    }
                    try p.lexer.next();
                }
            }

            try p.skipTypeScriptObjectType();
        }

        fn parseTypeScriptImportEqualsStmt(p: *P, loc: logger.Loc, opts: *ParseStatementOptions, default_name_loc: logger.Loc, default_name: string) anyerror!Stmt {
            try p.lexer.expect(.t_equals);

            const kind = S.Local.Kind.k_const;
            const name = p.lexer.identifier;
            const target = p.newExpr(E.Identifier{ .ref = p.storeNameInRef(name) catch unreachable }, p.lexer.loc());
            var value = target;
            try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);

            if (strings.eqlComptime(name, "require") and p.lexer.token == .t_open_paren) {
                // "import ns = require('x')"
                try p.lexer.next();
                const path = p.newExpr(try p.lexer.toEString(), p.lexer.loc());
                try p.lexer.expect(.t_string_literal);
                try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_paren);
                if (!opts.is_typescript_declare) {
                    const args = try ExprNodeList.one(p.allocator, path);
                    value = p.newExpr(E.Call{ .target = target, .close_paren_loc = p.lexer.loc(), .args = args }, loc);
                }
            } else {
                // "import Foo = Bar"
                // "import Foo = Bar.Baz"
                var prev_value = value;
                while (p.lexer.token == .t_dot) : (prev_value = value) {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    value = p.newExpr(E.Dot{ .target = prev_value, .name = p.lexer.identifier, .name_loc = p.lexer.loc() }, loc);
                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);
                }
            }

            try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();

            if (opts.is_typescript_declare) {
                // "import type foo = require('bar');"
                // "import type foo = bar.baz;"
                return p.s(S.TypeScript{}, loc);
            }

            const ref = p.declareSymbol(.constant, default_name_loc, default_name) catch unreachable;
            var decls = p.allocator.alloc(Decl, 1) catch unreachable;
            decls[0] = Decl{
                .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = ref }, default_name_loc),
                .value = value,
            };
            return p.s(S.Local{ .kind = kind, .decls = Decl.List.init(decls), .is_export = opts.is_export, .was_ts_import_equals = true }, loc);
        }

        fn parseClauseAlias(p: *P, kind: string) !string {
            const loc = p.lexer.loc();

            // The alias may now be a utf-16 (not wtf-16) string (see https://github.com/tc39/ecma262/pull/2154)
            if (p.lexer.token == .t_string_literal) {
                var estr = try p.lexer.toEString();
                if (estr.isUTF8()) {
                    return estr.slice8();
                } else if (strings.toUTF8AllocWithTypeWithoutInvalidSurrogatePairs(p.lexer.allocator, []const u16, estr.slice16())) |alias_utf8| {
                    return alias_utf8;
                } else |err| {
                    const r = p.source.rangeOfString(loc);
                    try p.log.addRangeErrorFmt(p.source, r, p.allocator, "Invalid {s} alias because it contains an unpaired Unicode surrogate ({s})", .{ kind, @errorName(err) });
                    return p.source.textForRange(r);
                }
            }

            // The alias may be a keyword
            if (!p.lexer.isIdentifierOrKeyword()) {
                try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);
            }

            const alias = p.lexer.identifier;
            p.checkForNonBMPCodePoint(loc, alias);
            return alias;
        }

        fn parseImportClause(
            p: *P,
        ) !ImportClause {
            var items = ListManaged(js_ast.ClauseItem).init(p.allocator);
            try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_brace);
            var is_single_line = !p.lexer.has_newline_before;
            // this variable should not exist if we're not in a typescript file
            var had_type_only_imports = if (comptime is_typescript_enabled)
                false;

            while (p.lexer.token != .t_close_brace) {
                // The alias may be a keyword;
                const isIdentifier = p.lexer.token == .t_identifier;
                const alias_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                const alias = try p.parseClauseAlias("import");
                var name = LocRef{ .loc = alias_loc, .ref = try p.storeNameInRef(alias) };
                var original_name = alias;
                try p.lexer.next();

                const probably_type_only_import = if (comptime is_typescript_enabled)
                    strings.eqlComptime(alias, "type") and
                        p.lexer.token != .t_comma and
                        p.lexer.token != .t_close_brace
                else
                    false;

                // "import { type xx } from 'mod'"
                // "import { type xx as yy } from 'mod'"
                // "import { type 'xx' as yy } from 'mod'"
                // "import { type as } from 'mod'"
                // "import { type as as } from 'mod'"
                // "import { type as as as } from 'mod'"
                if (probably_type_only_import) {
                    if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("as")) {
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("as")) {
                            original_name = p.lexer.identifier;
                            name = LocRef{ .loc = p.lexer.loc(), .ref = try p.storeNameInRef(original_name) };
                            try p.lexer.next();

                            if (p.lexer.token == .t_identifier) {

                                // "import { type as as as } from 'mod'"
                                // "import { type as as foo } from 'mod'"
                                had_type_only_imports = true;
                                try p.lexer.next();
                            } else {
                                // "import { type as as } from 'mod'"

                                try items.append(.{
                                    .alias = alias,
                                    .alias_loc = alias_loc,
                                    .name = name,
                                    .original_name = original_name,
                                });
                            }
                        } else if (p.lexer.token == .t_identifier) {
                            had_type_only_imports = true;

                            // "import { type as xxx } from 'mod'"
                            original_name = p.lexer.identifier;
                            name = LocRef{ .loc = p.lexer.loc(), .ref = try p.storeNameInRef(original_name) };
                            try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);

                            if (isEvalOrArguments(original_name)) {
                                const r = p.source.rangeOfString(name.loc);
                                try p.log.addRangeErrorFmt(p.source, r, p.allocator, "Cannot use {s} as an identifier here", .{original_name});
                            }

                            try items.append(.{
                                .alias = alias,
                                .alias_loc = alias_loc,
                                .name = name,
                                .original_name = original_name,
                            });
                        }
                    } else {
                        const is_identifier = p.lexer.token == .t_identifier;

                        // "import { type xx } from 'mod'"
                        // "import { type xx as yy } from 'mod'"
                        // "import { type if as yy } from 'mod'"
                        // "import { type 'xx' as yy } from 'mod'"
                        _ = try p.parseClauseAlias("import");
                        try p.lexer.next();

                        if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("as")) {
                            try p.lexer.next();

                            try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);
                        } else if (!is_identifier) {
                            // An import where the name is a keyword must have an alias
                            try p.lexer.expectedString("\"as\"");
                        }
                        had_type_only_imports = true;
                    }
                } else {
                    if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("as")) {
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        original_name = p.lexer.identifier;
                        name = LocRef{ .loc = alias_loc, .ref = try p.storeNameInRef(original_name) };
                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);
                    } else if (!isIdentifier) {
                        // An import where the name is a keyword must have an alias
                        try p.lexer.expectedString("\"as\"");
                    }

                    // Reject forbidden names
                    if (isEvalOrArguments(original_name)) {
                        const r = js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, name.loc);
                        try p.log.addRangeErrorFmt(p.source, r, p.allocator, "Cannot use \"{s}\" as an identifier here", .{original_name});
                    }

                    try items.append(js_ast.ClauseItem{
                        .alias = alias,
                        .alias_loc = alias_loc,
                        .name = name,
                        .original_name = original_name,
                    });
                }

                if (p.lexer.token != .t_comma) {
                    break;
                }

                if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                    is_single_line = false;
                }

                try p.lexer.next();

                if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                    is_single_line = false;
                }
            }

            if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                is_single_line = false;
            }

            try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_brace);
            return ImportClause{
                .items = items.items,
                .is_single_line = is_single_line,
                .had_type_only_imports = if (comptime is_typescript_enabled)
                    had_type_only_imports
                else
                    false,
            };
        }

        fn forbidInitializers(p: *P, decls: []G.Decl, comptime loop_type: string, is_var: bool) anyerror!void {
            switch (decls.len) {
                0 => {},
                1 => {
                    if (decls[0].value) |value| {
                        if (is_var) {

                            // This is a weird special case. Initializers are allowed in "var"
                            // statements with identifier bindings.
                            return;
                        }

                        try p.log.addError(p.source, value.loc, comptime std.fmt.comptimePrint("for-{s} loop variables cannot have an initializer", .{loop_type}));
                    }
                },
                else => {
                    try p.log.addError(p.source, decls[0].binding.loc, comptime std.fmt.comptimePrint("for-{s} loops must have a single declaration", .{loop_type}));
                },
            }
        }

        fn parseExprOrLetStmt(p: *P, opts: *ParseStatementOptions) !ExprOrLetStmt {
            const token_range = p.lexer.range();

            if (p.lexer.token != .t_identifier) {
                return ExprOrLetStmt{ .stmt_or_expr = js_ast.StmtOrExpr{ .expr = try p.parseExpr(.lowest) } };
            }

            const raw = p.lexer.raw();
            if (strings.eqlComptime(raw, "let")) {
                try p.lexer.next();

                switch (p.lexer.token) {
                    .t_identifier, .t_open_bracket, .t_open_brace => {
                        if (opts.lexical_decl == .allow_all or !p.lexer.has_newline_before or p.lexer.token == .t_open_bracket) {
                            if (opts.lexical_decl != .allow_all) {
                                try p.forbidLexicalDecl(token_range.loc);
                            }

                            const decls = try p.parseAndDeclareDecls(.other, opts);
                            return ExprOrLetStmt{
                                .stmt_or_expr = js_ast.StmtOrExpr{
                                    .stmt = p.s(S.Local{
                                        .kind = .k_let,
                                        .decls = G.Decl.List.fromList(decls),
                                        .is_export = opts.is_export,
                                    }, token_range.loc),
                                },
                                .decls = decls.items,
                            };
                        }
                    },
                    else => {},
                }
            } else if (strings.eqlComptime(raw, "using")) {
                // Handle an "using" declaration
                if (opts.is_export) {
                    try p.log.addError(p.source, token_range.loc, "Cannot use \"export\" with a \"using\" declaration");
                }

                try p.lexer.next();

                if (p.lexer.token == .t_identifier and !p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                    if (opts.lexical_decl != .allow_all) {
                        try p.forbidLexicalDecl(token_range.loc);
                    }
                    // p.markSyntaxFeature(.using, token_range.loc);
                    opts.is_using_statement = true;
                    const decls = try p.parseAndDeclareDecls(.constant, opts);
                    if (!opts.is_for_loop_init) {
                        try p.requireInitializers(.k_using, decls.items);
                    }
                    return ExprOrLetStmt{
                        .stmt_or_expr = js_ast.StmtOrExpr{
                            .stmt = p.s(S.Local{
                                .kind = .k_using,
                                .decls = G.Decl.List.fromList(decls),
                                .is_export = false,
                            }, token_range.loc),
                        },
                        .decls = decls.items,
                    };
                }
            } else if (p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.allow_await == .allow_expr and strings.eqlComptime(raw, "await")) {
                // Handle an "await using" declaration
                if (opts.is_export) {
                    try p.log.addError(p.source, token_range.loc, "Cannot use \"export\" with an \"await using\" declaration");
                }

                if (p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.is_top_level) {
                    p.top_level_await_keyword = token_range;
                }

                try p.lexer.next();

                const raw2 = p.lexer.raw();
                const value = if (p.lexer.token == .t_identifier and strings.eqlComptime(raw2, "using")) value: {
                    // const using_loc = p.saveExprCommentsHere();
                    const using_range = p.lexer.range();
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_identifier and !p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                        // It's an "await using" declaration if we get here
                        if (opts.lexical_decl != .allow_all) {
                            try p.forbidLexicalDecl(using_range.loc);
                        }
                        // p.markSyntaxFeature(.using, using_range.loc);
                        opts.is_using_statement = true;
                        const decls = try p.parseAndDeclareDecls(.constant, opts);
                        if (!opts.is_for_loop_init) {
                            try p.requireInitializers(.k_await_using, decls.items);
                        }
                        return ExprOrLetStmt{
                            .stmt_or_expr = js_ast.StmtOrExpr{
                                .stmt = p.s(S.Local{
                                    .kind = .k_await_using,
                                    .decls = G.Decl.List.fromList(decls),
                                    .is_export = false,
                                }, token_range.loc),
                            },
                            .decls = decls.items,
                        };
                    }
                    break :value Expr{
                        .data = .{ .e_identifier = .{ .ref = try p.storeNameInRef(raw) } },
                        // TODO: implement saveExprCommentsHere and use using_loc here
                        .loc = using_range.loc,
                    };
                } else try p.parseExpr(.prefix);

                if (p.lexer.token == .t_asterisk_asterisk) {
                    try p.lexer.unexpected();
                }
                const expr = p.newExpr(
                    E.Await{ .value = try p.parseSuffix(value, .prefix, null, .none) },
                    token_range.loc,
                );
                return ExprOrLetStmt{
                    .stmt_or_expr = js_ast.StmtOrExpr{
                        .expr = try p.parseSuffix(expr, .lowest, null, .none),
                    },
                };
            } else {
                return ExprOrLetStmt{
                    .stmt_or_expr = js_ast.StmtOrExpr{
                        .expr = try p.parseExpr(.lowest),
                    },
                };
            }

            // Parse the remainder of this expression that starts with an identifier
            const ref = try p.storeNameInRef(raw);
            const expr = p.newExpr(E.Identifier{ .ref = ref }, token_range.loc);
            return ExprOrLetStmt{
                .stmt_or_expr = js_ast.StmtOrExpr{
                    .expr = try p.parseSuffix(expr, .lowest, null, .none),
                },
            };
        }

        fn requireInitializers(noalias p: *P, comptime kind: S.Local.Kind, decls: []G.Decl) anyerror!void {
            const what = switch (kind) {
                .k_await_using, .k_using => "declaration",
                .k_const => "constant",
                else => @compileError("unreachable"),
            };

            for (decls) |*decl| {
                if (decl.value == null) {
                    switch (decl.binding.data) {
                        .b_identifier => |ident| {
                            const r = js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, decl.binding.loc);
                            try p.log.addRangeErrorFmt(p.source, r, p.allocator, "The " ++ what ++ " \"{s}\" must be initialized", .{
                                p.symbols.items[ident.ref.innerIndex()].original_name,
                            });
                            // return;/
                        },
                        else => {
                            try p.log.addError(p.source, decl.binding.loc, "This " ++ what ++ " must be initialized");
                        },
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        const ParseBindingOptions = struct {
            /// This will prevent parsing of destructuring patterns, as using statement
            /// is only allowed to be `using name, name2, name3`, nothing special.
            is_using_statement: bool = false,
        };

        fn parseBinding(p: *P, comptime opts: ParseBindingOptions) anyerror!Binding {
            const loc = p.lexer.loc();

            switch (p.lexer.token) {
                .t_identifier => {
                    const name = p.lexer.identifier;
                    if ((p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.allow_await != .allow_ident and strings.eqlComptime(name, "await")) or (p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.allow_yield != .allow_ident and strings.eqlComptime(name, "yield"))) {
                        // TODO: add fmt to addRangeError
                        p.log.addRangeError(p.source, p.lexer.range(), "Cannot use \"yield\" or \"await\" here.") catch unreachable;
                    }

                    const ref = p.storeNameInRef(name) catch unreachable;
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    return p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = ref }, loc);
                },
                .t_open_bracket => {
                    if (!opts.is_using_statement) {
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        var is_single_line = !p.lexer.has_newline_before;
                        var items = ListManaged(js_ast.ArrayBinding).init(p.allocator);
                        var has_spread = false;

                        // "in" expressions are allowed
                        const old_allow_in = p.allow_in;
                        p.allow_in = true;

                        while (p.lexer.token != .t_close_bracket) {
                            if (p.lexer.token == .t_comma) {
                                items.append(js_ast.ArrayBinding{
                                    .binding = Binding{ .data = Prefill.Data.BMissing, .loc = p.lexer.loc() },
                                }) catch unreachable;
                            } else {
                                if (p.lexer.token == .t_dot_dot_dot) {
                                    try p.lexer.next();
                                    has_spread = true;

                                    // This was a bug in the ES2015 spec that was fixed in ES2016
                                    if (p.lexer.token != .t_identifier) {
                                        // p.markSyntaxFeature(compat.NestedRestBinding, p.lexer.Range())

                                    }
                                }

                                const binding = try p.parseBinding(opts);

                                var default_value: ?Expr = null;
                                if (!has_spread and p.lexer.token == .t_equals) {
                                    try p.lexer.next();
                                    default_value = try p.parseExpr(.comma);
                                }

                                items.append(js_ast.ArrayBinding{ .binding = binding, .default_value = default_value }) catch unreachable;

                                // Commas after spread elements are not allowed
                                if (has_spread and p.lexer.token == .t_comma) {
                                    p.log.addRangeError(p.source, p.lexer.range(), "Unexpected \",\" after rest pattern") catch unreachable;
                                    return error.SyntaxError;
                                }
                            }

                            if (p.lexer.token != .t_comma) {
                                break;
                            }

                            if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                                is_single_line = false;
                            }
                            try p.lexer.next();

                            if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                                is_single_line = false;
                            }
                        }

                        p.allow_in = old_allow_in;

                        if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                            is_single_line = false;
                        }
                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_bracket);
                        return p.b(B.Array{
                            .items = items.items,
                            .has_spread = has_spread,
                            .is_single_line = is_single_line,
                        }, loc);
                    }
                },
                .t_open_brace => {
                    if (!opts.is_using_statement) {
                        // p.markSyntaxFeature(compat.Destructuring, p.lexer.Range())
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        var is_single_line = !p.lexer.has_newline_before;
                        var properties = ListManaged(js_ast.B.Property).init(p.allocator);

                        // "in" expressions are allowed
                        const old_allow_in = p.allow_in;
                        p.allow_in = true;

                        while (p.lexer.token != .t_close_brace) {
                            var property = try p.parsePropertyBinding();
                            properties.append(property) catch unreachable;

                            // Commas after spread elements are not allowed
                            if (property.flags.contains(.is_spread) and p.lexer.token == .t_comma) {
                                p.log.addRangeError(p.source, p.lexer.range(), "Unexpected \",\" after rest pattern") catch unreachable;
                                return error.SyntaxError;
                            }

                            if (p.lexer.token != .t_comma) {
                                break;
                            }

                            if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                                is_single_line = false;
                            }
                            try p.lexer.next();
                            if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                                is_single_line = false;
                            }
                        }

                        p.allow_in = old_allow_in;

                        if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                            is_single_line = false;
                        }
                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_brace);

                        return p.b(B.Object{
                            .properties = properties.items,
                            .is_single_line = is_single_line,
                        }, loc);
                    }
                },
                else => {},
            }

            try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);
            return Binding{ .loc = loc, .data = Prefill.Data.BMissing };
        }

        pub fn parsePropertyBinding(p: *P) anyerror!B.Property {
            var key: js_ast.Expr = Expr{ .loc = logger.Loc.Empty, .data = Prefill.Data.EMissing };
            var is_computed = false;

            switch (p.lexer.token) {
                .t_dot_dot_dot => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    const value = p.b(
                        B.Identifier{
                            .ref = p.storeNameInRef(p.lexer.identifier) catch unreachable,
                        },
                        p.lexer.loc(),
                    );
                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);
                    return B.Property{
                        .key = p.newExpr(E.Missing{}, p.lexer.loc()),

                        .flags = Flags.Property.init(.{ .is_spread = true }),
                        .value = value,
                    };
                },
                .t_numeric_literal => {
                    key = p.newExpr(E.Number{
                        .value = p.lexer.number,
                    }, p.lexer.loc());
                    // check for legacy octal literal
                    try p.lexer.next();
                },
                .t_string_literal => {
                    key = try p.parseStringLiteral();
                },
                .t_big_integer_literal => {
                    key = p.newExpr(E.BigInt{
                        .value = p.lexer.identifier,
                    }, p.lexer.loc());
                    // p.markSyntaxFeature(compat.BigInt, p.lexer.Range())
                    try p.lexer.next();
                },
                .t_open_bracket => {
                    is_computed = true;
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    key = try p.parseExpr(.comma);
                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_bracket);
                },
                else => {
                    const name = p.lexer.identifier;
                    const loc = p.lexer.loc();

                    if (!p.lexer.isIdentifierOrKeyword()) {
                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);
                    }

                    try p.lexer.next();

                    key = p.newExpr(E.String{ .data = name }, loc);

                    if (p.lexer.token != .t_colon and p.lexer.token != .t_open_paren) {
                        const ref = p.storeNameInRef(name) catch unreachable;
                        const value = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = ref }, loc);
                        var default_value: ?Expr = null;
                        if (p.lexer.token == .t_equals) {
                            try p.lexer.next();
                            default_value = try p.parseExpr(.comma);
                        }

                        return B.Property{
                            .key = key,
                            .value = value,
                            .default_value = default_value,
                        };
                    }
                },
            }

            try p.lexer.expect(.t_colon);
            const value = try p.parseBinding(.{});

            var default_value: ?Expr = null;
            if (p.lexer.token == .t_equals) {
                try p.lexer.next();
                default_value = try p.parseExpr(.comma);
            }

            return B.Property{
                .flags = Flags.Property.init(.{
                    .is_computed = is_computed,
                }),
                .key = key,
                .value = value,
                .default_value = default_value,
            };
        }

        fn parseAndDeclareDecls(p: *P, kind: Symbol.Kind, opts: *ParseStatementOptions) anyerror!ListManaged(G.Decl) {
            var decls = ListManaged(G.Decl).init(p.allocator);

            while (true) {
                // Forbid "let let" and "const let" but not "var let"
                if ((kind == .other or kind == .constant) and p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("let")) {
                    p.log.addRangeError(p.source, p.lexer.range(), "Cannot use \"let\" as an identifier here") catch unreachable;
                }

                var value: ?js_ast.Expr = null;
                var local = switch (opts.is_using_statement) {
                    inline else => |is_using| try p.parseBinding(.{
                        .is_using_statement = is_using,
                    }),
                };
                p.declareBinding(kind, &local, opts) catch unreachable;

                // Skip over types
                if (comptime is_typescript_enabled) {
                    // "let foo!"
                    const is_definite_assignment_assertion = p.lexer.token == .t_exclamation and !p.lexer.has_newline_before;
                    if (is_definite_assignment_assertion) {
                        try p.lexer.next();
                    }

                    // "let foo: number"
                    if (is_definite_assignment_assertion or p.lexer.token == .t_colon) {
                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_colon);
                        try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                    }
                }

                if (p.lexer.token == .t_equals) {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    value = try p.parseExpr(.comma);
                }

                decls.append(G.Decl{
                    .binding = local,
                    .value = value,
                }) catch unreachable;

                if (p.lexer.token != .t_comma) {
                    break;
                }
                try p.lexer.next();
            }

            return decls;
        }

        pub fn parseTypescriptEnumStmt(p: *P, loc: logger.Loc, opts: *ParseStatementOptions) anyerror!Stmt {
            try p.lexer.expect(.t_enum);
            const name_loc = p.lexer.loc();
            const name_text = p.lexer.identifier;
            try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);
            var name = LocRef{ .loc = name_loc, .ref = Ref.None };

            // Generate the namespace object
            var arg_ref: Ref = undefined;
            const ts_namespace = p.getOrCreateExportedNamespaceMembers(name_text, opts.is_export, true);
            const exported_members = ts_namespace.exported_members;
            const enum_member_data = js_ast.TSNamespaceMember.Data{ .namespace = exported_members };

            // Declare the enum and create the scope
            const scope_index = p.scopes_in_order.items.len;
            if (!opts.is_typescript_declare) {
                name.ref = try p.declareSymbol(.ts_enum, name_loc, name_text);
                _ = try p.pushScopeForParsePass(.entry, loc);
                p.current_scope.ts_namespace = ts_namespace;
                p.ref_to_ts_namespace_member.putNoClobber(p.allocator, name.ref.?, enum_member_data) catch bun.outOfMemory();
            }

            try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_brace);

            // Parse the body
            var values = std.ArrayList(js_ast.EnumValue).init(p.allocator);
            while (p.lexer.token != .t_close_brace) {
                var value = js_ast.EnumValue{ .loc = p.lexer.loc(), .ref = Ref.None, .name = undefined, .value = null };
                var needs_symbol = false;

                // Parse the name
                if (p.lexer.token == .t_string_literal) {
                    value.name = (try p.lexer.toUTF8EString()).slice8();
                    needs_symbol = js_lexer.isIdentifier(value.name);
                } else if (p.lexer.isIdentifierOrKeyword()) {
                    value.name = p.lexer.identifier;
                    needs_symbol = true;
                } else {
                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);
                    // error early, name is still `undefined`
                    return error.SyntaxError;
                }
                try p.lexer.next();

                // Identifiers can be referenced by other values
                if (!opts.is_typescript_declare and needs_symbol) {
                    value.ref = try p.declareSymbol(.other, value.loc, value.name);
                }

                // Parse the initializer
                if (p.lexer.token == .t_equals) {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    value.value = try p.parseExpr(.comma);
                }

                values.append(value) catch unreachable;

                exported_members.put(p.allocator, value.name, .{
                    .loc = value.loc,
                    .data = .enum_property,
                }) catch bun.outOfMemory();

                if (p.lexer.token != .t_comma and p.lexer.token != .t_semicolon) {
                    break;
                }

                try p.lexer.next();
            }

            if (!opts.is_typescript_declare) {
                // Avoid a collision with the enum closure argument variable if the
                // enum exports a symbol with the same name as the enum itself:
                //
                //   enum foo {
                //     foo = 123,
                //     bar = foo,
                //   }
                //
                // TypeScript generates the following code in this case:
                //
                //   var foo;
                //   (function (foo) {
                //     foo[foo["foo"] = 123] = "foo";
                //     foo[foo["bar"] = 123] = "bar";
                //   })(foo || (foo = {}));
                //
                // Whereas in this case:
                //
                //   enum foo {
                //     bar = foo as any,
                //   }
                //
                // TypeScript generates the following code:
                //
                //   var foo;
                //   (function (foo) {
                //     foo[foo["bar"] = foo] = "bar";
                //   })(foo || (foo = {}));
                if (p.current_scope.members.contains(name_text)) {
                    // Add a "_" to make tests easier to read, since non-bundler tests don't
                    // run the renamer. For external-facing things the renamer will avoid
                    // collisions automatically so this isn't important for correctness.
                    arg_ref = p.newSymbol(.hoisted, strings.cat(p.allocator, "_", name_text) catch unreachable) catch unreachable;
                    p.current_scope.generated.push(p.allocator, arg_ref) catch unreachable;
                } else {
                    arg_ref = p.declareSymbol(.hoisted, name_loc, name_text) catch unreachable;
                }
                p.ref_to_ts_namespace_member.put(p.allocator, arg_ref, enum_member_data) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                ts_namespace.arg_ref = arg_ref;

                p.popScope();
            }

            try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_brace);

            if (opts.is_typescript_declare) {
                if (opts.is_namespace_scope and opts.is_export) {
                    p.has_non_local_export_declare_inside_namespace = true;
                }

                return p.s(S.TypeScript{}, loc);
            }

            // Save these for when we do out-of-order enum visiting
            //
            // Make a copy of "scopesInOrder" instead of a slice or index since
            // the original array may be flattened in the future by
            // "popAndFlattenScope"
            p.scopes_in_order_for_enum.putNoClobber(
                p.allocator,
                loc,
                scope_order_clone: {
                    var count: usize = 0;
                    for (p.scopes_in_order.items[scope_index..]) |i| {
                        if (i != null) count += 1;
                    }

                    const items = p.allocator.alloc(ScopeOrder, count) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                    var i: usize = 0;
                    for (p.scopes_in_order.items[scope_index..]) |item| {
                        items[i] = item orelse continue;
                        i += 1;
                    }
                    break :scope_order_clone items;
                },
            ) catch bun.outOfMemory();

            return p.s(S.Enum{
                .name = name,
                .arg = arg_ref,
                .values = values.items,
                .is_export = opts.is_export,
            }, loc);
        }

        // Generate a TypeScript namespace object for this namespace's scope. If this
        // namespace is another block that is to be merged with an existing namespace,
        // use that earlier namespace's object instead.
        pub fn getOrCreateExportedNamespaceMembers(p: *P, name: []const u8, is_export: bool, is_enum_scope: bool) *js_ast.TSNamespaceScope {
            const map = brk: {

                // Merge with a sibling namespace from the same scope
                if (p.current_scope.members.get(name)) |existing_member| {
                    if (p.ref_to_ts_namespace_member.get(existing_member.ref)) |member_data| {
                        if (member_data == .namespace)
                            break :brk member_data.namespace;
                    }
                }

                // Merge with a sibling namespace from a different scope
                if (is_export) {
                    if (p.current_scope.ts_namespace) |ns| {
                        if (ns.exported_members.get(name)) |member| {
                            if (member.data == .namespace)
                                break :brk member.data.namespace;
                        }
                    }
                }

                break :brk null;
            };

            if (map) |existing| {
                return bun.create(p.allocator, js_ast.TSNamespaceScope, .{
                    .exported_members = existing,
                    .is_enum_scope = is_enum_scope,
                    .arg_ref = Ref.None,
                });
            }

            // Otherwise, generate a new namespace object
            // Batch the allocation of the namespace object and the map into a single allocation.
            const Pair = struct {
                map: js_ast.TSNamespaceMemberMap,
                scope: js_ast.TSNamespaceScope,
            };

            var pair = p.allocator.create(Pair) catch bun.outOfMemory();
            pair.map = .{};
            pair.scope = .{
                .exported_members = &pair.map,
                .is_enum_scope = is_enum_scope,
                .arg_ref = Ref.None,
            };

            return &pair.scope;
        }

        fn parseExportClause(p: *P) !ExportClauseResult {
            var items = ListManaged(js_ast.ClauseItem).initCapacity(p.allocator, 1) catch unreachable;
            try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_brace);
            var is_single_line = !p.lexer.has_newline_before;
            var first_non_identifier_loc = logger.Loc{ .start = 0 };
            var had_type_only_exports = false;

            while (p.lexer.token != .t_close_brace) {
                var alias = try p.parseClauseAlias("export");
                var alias_loc = p.lexer.loc();

                const name = LocRef{
                    .loc = alias_loc,
                    .ref = p.storeNameInRef(alias) catch unreachable,
                };
                const original_name = alias;

                // The name can actually be a keyword if we're really an "export from"
                // statement. However, we won't know until later. Allow keywords as
                // identifiers for now and throw an error later if there's no "from".
                //
                //   // This is fine
                //   export { default } from 'path'
                //
                //   // This is a syntax error
                //   export { default }
                //
                if (p.lexer.token != .t_identifier and first_non_identifier_loc.start == 0) {
                    first_non_identifier_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                }
                try p.lexer.next();

                if (comptime is_typescript_enabled) {
                    if (strings.eqlComptime(alias, "type") and p.lexer.token != .t_comma and p.lexer.token != .t_close_brace) {
                        if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("as")) {
                            try p.lexer.next();

                            if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("as")) {
                                alias = try p.parseClauseAlias("export");
                                alias_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                                try p.lexer.next();

                                if (p.lexer.token != .t_comma and p.lexer.token != .t_close_brace) {
                                    // "export { type as as as }"
                                    // "export { type as as foo }"
                                    // "export { type as as 'foo' }"
                                    _ = p.parseClauseAlias("export") catch "";
                                    had_type_only_exports = true;
                                    try p.lexer.next();
                                } else {
                                    // "export { type as as }"
                                    items.append(js_ast.ClauseItem{
                                        .alias = alias,
                                        .alias_loc = alias_loc,
                                        .name = name,
                                        .original_name = original_name,
                                    }) catch unreachable;
                                }
                            } else if (p.lexer.token != .t_comma and p.lexer.token != .t_close_brace) {
                                // "export { type as xxx }"
                                // "export { type as 'xxx' }"
                                alias = try p.parseClauseAlias("export");
                                alias_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                                try p.lexer.next();

                                items.append(js_ast.ClauseItem{
                                    .alias = alias,
                                    .alias_loc = alias_loc,
                                    .name = name,
                                    .original_name = original_name,
                                }) catch unreachable;
                            } else {
                                had_type_only_exports = true;
                            }
                        } else {
                            // The name can actually be a keyword if we're really an "export from"
                            // statement. However, we won't know until later. Allow keywords as
                            // identifiers for now and throw an error later if there's no "from".
                            //
                            //   // This is fine
                            //   export { default } from 'path'
                            //
                            //   // This is a syntax error
                            //   export { default }
                            //
                            if (p.lexer.token != .t_identifier and first_non_identifier_loc.start == 0) {
                                first_non_identifier_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                            }

                            // "export { type xx }"
                            // "export { type xx as yy }"
                            // "export { type xx as if }"
                            // "export { type default } from 'path'"
                            // "export { type default as if } from 'path'"
                            // "export { type xx as 'yy' }"
                            // "export { type 'xx' } from 'mod'"
                            _ = p.parseClauseAlias("export") catch "";
                            try p.lexer.next();

                            if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("as")) {
                                try p.lexer.next();
                                _ = p.parseClauseAlias("export") catch "";
                                try p.lexer.next();
                            }

                            had_type_only_exports = true;
                        }
                    } else {
                        if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("as")) {
                            try p.lexer.next();
                            alias = try p.parseClauseAlias("export");
                            alias_loc = p.lexer.loc();

                            try p.lexer.next();
                        }

                        items.append(js_ast.ClauseItem{
                            .alias = alias,
                            .alias_loc = alias_loc,
                            .name = name,
                            .original_name = original_name,
                        }) catch unreachable;
                    }
                } else {
                    if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("as")) {
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        alias = try p.parseClauseAlias("export");
                        alias_loc = p.lexer.loc();

                        try p.lexer.next();
                    }

                    items.append(js_ast.ClauseItem{
                        .alias = alias,
                        .alias_loc = alias_loc,
                        .name = name,
                        .original_name = original_name,
                    }) catch unreachable;
                }

                // we're done if there's no comma
                if (p.lexer.token != .t_comma) {
                    break;
                }

                if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                    is_single_line = false;
                }
                try p.lexer.next();
                if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                    is_single_line = false;
                }
            }

            if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                is_single_line = false;
            }
            try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_brace);

            // Throw an error here if we found a keyword earlier and this isn't an
            // "export from" statement after all
            if (first_non_identifier_loc.start != 0 and !p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("from")) {
                const r = js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, first_non_identifier_loc);
                try p.lexer.addRangeError(r, "Expected identifier but found \"{s}\"", .{p.source.textForRange(r)}, true);
                return error.SyntaxError;
            }

            return ExportClauseResult{
                .clauses = items.items,
                .is_single_line = is_single_line,
                .had_type_only_exports = had_type_only_exports,
            };
        }

        pub fn parsePath(p: *P) !ParsedPath {
            const path_text = try p.lexer.toUTF8EString();
            var path = ParsedPath{
                .loc = p.lexer.loc(),
                .text = path_text.slice8(),
                .is_macro = false,
                .import_tag = .none,
            };

            if (p.lexer.token == .t_no_substitution_template_literal) {
                try p.lexer.next();
            } else {
                try p.lexer.expect(.t_string_literal);
            }

            if (!p.lexer.has_newline_before and (
                // Import Assertions are deprecated.
                // Import Attributes are the new way to do this.
                // But some code may still use "assert"
                // We support both and treat them identically.
                // Once Prettier & TypeScript support import attributes, we will add runtime support
                p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("assert") or p.lexer.token == .t_with))
            {
                try p.lexer.next();
                try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_brace);

                const SupportedAttribute = enum {
                    type,
                    embed,
                    bunBakeGraph,
                };

                var has_seen_embed_true = false;

                while (p.lexer.token != .t_close_brace) {
                    const supported_attribute: ?SupportedAttribute = brk: {
                        // Parse the key
                        if (p.lexer.isIdentifierOrKeyword()) {
                            inline for (comptime std.enums.values(SupportedAttribute)) |t| {
                                if (strings.eqlComptime(p.lexer.identifier, @tagName(t))) {
                                    break :brk t;
                                }
                            }
                        } else if (p.lexer.token == .t_string_literal) {
                            const string_literal_text = (try p.lexer.toUTF8EString()).slice8();
                            inline for (comptime std.enums.values(SupportedAttribute)) |t| {
                                if (strings.eqlComptime(string_literal_text, @tagName(t))) {
                                    break :brk t;
                                }
                            }
                        } else {
                            try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);
                        }

                        break :brk null;
                    };

                    try p.lexer.next();
                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_colon);

                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_string_literal);
                    const string_literal_text = (try p.lexer.toUTF8EString()).slice8();
                    if (supported_attribute) |attr| {
                        switch (attr) {
                            .type => {
                                // This logic is duplicated in js_ast.zig fn importRecordTag()
                                const type_attr = string_literal_text;
                                if (strings.eqlComptime(type_attr, "macro")) {
                                    path.is_macro = true;
                                } else if (bun.options.Loader.fromString(type_attr)) |loader| {
                                    path.loader = loader;
                                    if (loader == .sqlite and has_seen_embed_true) path.loader = .sqlite_embedded;
                                } else {
                                    // unknown loader; consider erroring
                                }
                            },
                            .embed => {
                                if (strings.eqlComptime(string_literal_text, "true")) {
                                    has_seen_embed_true = true;
                                    if (path.loader != null and path.loader == .sqlite) {
                                        path.loader = .sqlite_embedded;
                                    }
                                }
                            },
                            .bunBakeGraph => {
                                if (strings.eqlComptime(string_literal_text, "ssr")) {
                                    path.import_tag = .bake_resolve_to_ssr_graph;
                                } else {
                                    try p.lexer.addRangeError(p.lexer.range(), "'bunBakeGraph' can only be set to 'ssr'", .{}, true);
                                }
                            },
                        }
                    }

                    if (p.lexer.token != .t_comma) {
                        break;
                    }

                    try p.lexer.next();
                }

                try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_brace);
            }

            return path;
        }

        // TODO:
        pub fn checkForNonBMPCodePoint(_: *P, _: logger.Loc, _: string) void {}

        fn parseStmtsUpTo(p: *P, eend: js_lexer.T, _opts: *ParseStatementOptions) ![]Stmt {
            var opts = _opts.*;
            var stmts = StmtList.init(p.allocator);

            var returnWithoutSemicolonStart: i32 = -1;
            opts.lexical_decl = .allow_all;
            var isDirectivePrologue = true;

            while (true) {
                for (p.lexer.comments_to_preserve_before.items) |comment| {
                    try stmts.append(p.s(S.Comment{
                        .text = comment.text,
                    }, p.lexer.loc()));
                }
                p.lexer.comments_to_preserve_before.clearRetainingCapacity();

                if (p.lexer.token == eend) {
                    break;
                }

                var current_opts = opts;
                var stmt = try p.parseStmt(&current_opts);

                // Skip TypeScript types entirely
                if (is_typescript_enabled) {
                    switch (stmt.data) {
                        .s_type_script => {
                            continue;
                        },
                        else => {},
                    }
                }

                var skip = stmt.data == .s_empty;
                // Parse one or more directives at the beginning
                if (isDirectivePrologue) {
                    isDirectivePrologue = false;
                    switch (stmt.data) {
                        .s_expr => |expr| {
                            switch (expr.value.data) {
                                .e_string => |str| {
                                    if (!str.prefer_template) {
                                        isDirectivePrologue = true;

                                        if (str.eqlComptime("use strict")) {
                                            skip = true;
                                            // Track "use strict" directives
                                            p.current_scope.strict_mode = .explicit_strict_mode;
                                            if (p.current_scope == p.module_scope)
                                                p.module_scope_directive_loc = stmt.loc;
                                        } else if (str.eqlComptime("use asm")) {
                                            skip = true;
                                            stmt.data = Prefill.Data.SEmpty;
                                        } else {
                                            stmt = Stmt.alloc(S.Directive, S.Directive{
                                                .value = str.slice(p.allocator),
                                            }, stmt.loc);
                                        }
                                    }
                                },
                                else => {},
                            }
                        },
                        else => {},
                    }
                }

                if (!skip)
                    try stmts.append(stmt);

                // Warn about ASI and return statements. Here's an example of code with
                // this problem: https://github.com/rollup/rollup/issues/3729
                if (!p.options.suppress_warnings_about_weird_code) {
                    var needsCheck = true;
                    switch (stmt.data) {
                        .s_return => |ret| {
                            if (ret.value == null and !p.latest_return_had_semicolon) {
                                returnWithoutSemicolonStart = stmt.loc.start;
                                needsCheck = false;
                            }
                        },
                        else => {},
                    }

                    if (needsCheck and returnWithoutSemicolonStart != -1) {
                        switch (stmt.data) {
                            .s_expr => {
                                try p.log.addWarning(
                                    p.source,
                                    logger.Loc{ .start = returnWithoutSemicolonStart + 6 },
                                    "The following expression is not returned because of an automatically-inserted semicolon",
                                );
                            },
                            else => {},
                        }

                        returnWithoutSemicolonStart = -1;
                    }
                }
            }

            return stmts.items;
        }

        fn markStrictModeFeature(p: *P, feature: StrictModeFeature, r: logger.Range, detail: string) anyerror!void {
            const can_be_transformed = feature == StrictModeFeature.for_in_var_init;
            const text = switch (feature) {
                .with_statement => "With statements",
                .delete_bare_name => "\"delete\" of a bare identifier",
                .for_in_var_init => "Variable initializers within for-in loops",
                .eval_or_arguments => try std.fmt.allocPrint(p.allocator, "Declarations with the name \"{s}\"", .{detail}),
                .reserved_word => try std.fmt.allocPrint(p.allocator, "\"{s}\" is a reserved word and", .{detail}),
                .legacy_octal_literal => "Legacy octal literals",
                .legacy_octal_escape => "Legacy octal escape sequences",
                .if_else_function_stmt => "Function declarations inside if statements",
                // else => {
                //     text = "This feature";
                // },
            };

            const scope = p.current_scope;
            if (p.isStrictMode()) {
                var why: string = "";
                var where: logger.Range = logger.Range.None;
                switch (scope.strict_mode) {
                    .implicit_strict_mode_import => {
                        where = p.esm_import_keyword;
                    },
                    .implicit_strict_mode_export => {
                        where = p.esm_export_keyword;
                    },
                    .implicit_strict_mode_top_level_await => {
                        where = p.top_level_await_keyword;
                    },
                    .implicit_strict_mode_class => {
                        why = "All code inside a class is implicitly in strict mode";
                        where = p.enclosing_class_keyword;
                    },
                    else => {},
                }
                if (why.len == 0) {
                    why = try std.fmt.allocPrint(p.allocator, "This file is implicitly in strict mode because of the \"{s}\" keyword here", .{p.source.textForRange(where)});
                }
                var notes = try p.allocator.alloc(logger.Data, 1);
                notes[0] = logger.rangeData(p.source, where, why);
                try p.log.addRangeErrorWithNotes(p.source, r, try std.fmt.allocPrint(p.allocator, "{s} cannot be used in strict mode", .{text}), notes);
            } else if (!can_be_transformed and p.isStrictModeOutputFormat()) {
                try p.log.addRangeError(p.source, r, try std.fmt.allocPrint(p.allocator, "{s} cannot be used with the ESM output format due to strict mode", .{text}));
            }
        }

        pub inline fn isStrictMode(p: *P) bool {
            return p.current_scope.strict_mode != .sloppy_mode;
        }

        pub inline fn isStrictModeOutputFormat(p: *P) bool {
            return p.options.bundle and p.options.output_format.isESM();
        }

        pub fn declareCommonJSSymbol(p: *P, comptime kind: Symbol.Kind, comptime name: string) !Ref {
            const name_hash = comptime Scope.getMemberHash(name);
            const member = p.module_scope.getMemberWithHash(name, name_hash);

            // If the code declared this symbol using "var name", then this is actually
            // not a collision. For example, node will let you do this:
            //
            //   var exports;
            //   module.exports.foo = 123;
            //   console.log(exports.foo);
            //
            // This works because node's implementation of CommonJS wraps the entire
            // source file like this:
            //
            //   (function(require, exports, module, __filename, __dirname) {
            //     var exports;
            //     module.exports.foo = 123;
            //     console.log(exports.foo);
            //   })
            //
            // Both the "exports" argument and "var exports" are hoisted variables, so
            // they don't collide.
            if (member) |_member| {
                if (p.symbols.items[_member.ref.innerIndex()].kind == .hoisted and kind == .hoisted and !p.has_es_module_syntax) {
                    return _member.ref;
                }
            }

            // Create a new symbol if we didn't merge with an existing one above
            const ref = try p.newSymbol(kind, name);

            if (member == null) {
                try p.module_scope.members.put(p.allocator, name, Scope.Member{ .ref = ref, .loc = logger.Loc.Empty });
                return ref;
            }

            // If the variable was declared, then it shadows this symbol. The code in
            // this module will be unable to reference this symbol. However, we must
            // still add the symbol to the scope so it gets minified (automatically-
            // generated code may still reference the symbol).
            try p.module_scope.generated.push(p.allocator, ref);
            return ref;
        }

        fn declareGeneratedSymbol(p: *P, kind: Symbol.Kind, comptime name: string) !Ref {
            // The bundler runs the renamer, so it is ok to not append a hash
            if (p.options.bundle) {
                return try declareSymbolMaybeGenerated(p, kind, logger.Loc.Empty, name, true);
            }

            return try declareSymbolMaybeGenerated(p, kind, logger.Loc.Empty, generatedSymbolName(name), true);
        }

        fn declareSymbol(p: *P, kind: Symbol.Kind, loc: logger.Loc, name: string) !Ref {
            return try @call(bun.callmod_inline, declareSymbolMaybeGenerated, .{ p, kind, loc, name, false });
        }

        fn declareSymbolMaybeGenerated(p: *P, kind: Symbol.Kind, loc: logger.Loc, name: string, comptime is_generated: bool) !Ref {
            // p.checkForNonBMPCodePoint(loc, name)
            if (comptime !is_generated) {
                // Forbid declaring a symbol with a reserved word in strict mode
                if (p.isStrictMode() and name.ptr != arguments_str.ptr and js_lexer.StrictModeReservedWords.has(name)) {
                    try p.markStrictModeFeature(.reserved_word, js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, loc), name);
                }
            }

            // Allocate a new symbol
            var ref = try p.newSymbol(kind, name);

            const scope = p.current_scope;
            const entry = try scope.members.getOrPut(p.allocator, name);
            if (entry.found_existing) {
                const existing = entry.value_ptr.*;
                var symbol: *Symbol = &p.symbols.items[existing.ref.innerIndex()];

                if (comptime !is_generated) {
                    switch (scope.canMergeSymbols(symbol.kind, kind, is_typescript_enabled)) {
                        .forbidden => {
                            try p.log.addSymbolAlreadyDeclaredError(p.allocator, p.source, symbol.original_name, loc, existing.loc);
                            return existing.ref;
                        },

                        .keep_existing => {
                            ref = existing.ref;
                        },

                        .replace_with_new => {
                            symbol.link = ref;

                            // If these are both functions, remove the overwritten declaration
                            if (kind.isFunction() and symbol.kind.isFunction()) {
                                symbol.remove_overwritten_function_declaration = true;
                            }
                        },

                        .become_private_get_set_pair => {
                            ref = existing.ref;
                            symbol.kind = .private_get_set_pair;
                        },

                        .become_private_static_get_set_pair => {
                            ref = existing.ref;
                            symbol.kind = .private_static_get_set_pair;
                        },

                        .overwrite_with_new => {},
                    }
                } else {
                    p.symbols.items[ref.innerIndex()].link = existing.ref;
                }
            }
            entry.key_ptr.* = name;
            entry.value_ptr.* = js_ast.Scope.Member{ .ref = ref, .loc = loc };
            if (comptime is_generated) {
                try p.module_scope.generated.push(p.allocator, ref);
            }
            return ref;
        }

        fn validateFunctionName(p: *P, func: G.Fn, kind: FunctionKind) void {
            if (func.name) |name| {
                const original_name = p.symbols.items[name.ref.?.innerIndex()].original_name;

                if (func.flags.contains(.is_async) and strings.eqlComptime(original_name, "await")) {
                    p.log.addRangeError(
                        p.source,
                        js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, name.loc),
                        "An async function cannot be named \"await\"",
                    ) catch unreachable;
                } else if (kind == .expr and func.flags.contains(.is_generator) and strings.eqlComptime(original_name, "yield")) {
                    p.log.addRangeError(
                        p.source,
                        js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, name.loc),
                        "An generator function expression cannot be named \"yield\"",
                    ) catch unreachable;
                }
            }
        }

        fn parseFnExpr(p: *P, loc: logger.Loc, is_async: bool, async_range: logger.Range) !Expr {
            try p.lexer.next();
            const is_generator = p.lexer.token == T.t_asterisk;
            if (is_generator) {
                // p.markSyntaxFeature()
                try p.lexer.next();
            } else if (is_async) {
                // p.markLoweredSyntaxFeature(compat.AsyncAwait, asyncRange, compat.Generator)
            }

            var name: ?js_ast.LocRef = null;

            _ = p.pushScopeForParsePass(.function_args, loc) catch unreachable;

            // The name is optional
            if (p.lexer.token == .t_identifier) {
                const text = p.lexer.identifier;

                // Don't declare the name "arguments" since it's shadowed and inaccessible
                name = js_ast.LocRef{
                    .loc = p.lexer.loc(),
                    .ref = if (text.len > 0 and !strings.eqlComptime(text, "arguments"))
                        try p.declareSymbol(.hoisted_function, p.lexer.loc(), text)
                    else
                        try p.newSymbol(.hoisted_function, text),
                };

                try p.lexer.next();
            }

            // Even anonymous functions can have TypeScript type parameters
            if (comptime is_typescript_enabled) {
                _ = try p.skipTypeScriptTypeParameters(.{ .allow_const_modifier = true });
            }

            const func = try p.parseFn(name, FnOrArrowDataParse{
                .needs_async_loc = loc,
                .async_range = async_range,
                .allow_await = if (is_async) .allow_expr else .allow_ident,
                .allow_yield = if (is_generator) .allow_expr else .allow_ident,
            });
            p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.has_argument_decorators = false;

            p.validateFunctionName(func, .expr);
            p.popScope();

            return p.newExpr(js_ast.E.Function{
                .func = func,
            }, loc);
        }

        fn parseFnBody(p: *P, data: *FnOrArrowDataParse) !G.FnBody {
            const oldFnOrArrowData = p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse;
            const oldAllowIn = p.allow_in;
            p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse = data.*;
            p.allow_in = true;

            const loc = p.lexer.loc();
            var pushedScopeForFunctionBody = false;
            if (p.lexer.token == .t_open_brace) {
                _ = try p.pushScopeForParsePass(Scope.Kind.function_body, p.lexer.loc());
                pushedScopeForFunctionBody = true;
            }

            try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_brace);
            var opts = ParseStatementOptions{};
            const stmts = try p.parseStmtsUpTo(.t_close_brace, &opts);
            try p.lexer.next();

            if (pushedScopeForFunctionBody) p.popScope();

            p.allow_in = oldAllowIn;
            p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse = oldFnOrArrowData;
            return G.FnBody{ .loc = loc, .stmts = stmts };
        }

        fn parseArrowBody(p: *P, args: []js_ast.G.Arg, data: *FnOrArrowDataParse) !E.Arrow {
            const arrow_loc = p.lexer.loc();

            // Newlines are not allowed before "=>"
            if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                try p.log.addRangeError(p.source, p.lexer.range(), "Unexpected newline before \"=>\"");
                return error.SyntaxError;
            }

            try p.lexer.expect(T.t_equals_greater_than);

            for (args) |*arg| {
                var opts = ParseStatementOptions{};
                try p.declareBinding(Symbol.Kind.hoisted, &arg.binding, &opts);
            }

            // The ability to use "this" and "super()" is inherited by arrow functions
            data.allow_super_call = p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.allow_super_call;
            data.allow_super_property = p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.allow_super_property;
            data.is_this_disallowed = p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.is_this_disallowed;

            if (p.lexer.token == .t_open_brace) {
                const body = try p.parseFnBody(data);
                p.after_arrow_body_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                return E.Arrow{ .args = args, .body = body };
            }

            _ = try p.pushScopeForParsePass(Scope.Kind.function_body, arrow_loc);
            defer p.popScope();

            var old_fn_or_arrow_data = std.mem.toBytes(p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse);

            p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse = data.*;
            const expr = try p.parseExpr(Level.comma);
            p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse = std.mem.bytesToValue(@TypeOf(p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse), &old_fn_or_arrow_data);

            var stmts = try p.allocator.alloc(Stmt, 1);
            stmts[0] = p.s(S.Return{ .value = expr }, expr.loc);
            return E.Arrow{ .args = args, .prefer_expr = true, .body = G.FnBody{ .loc = arrow_loc, .stmts = stmts } };
        }

        fn declareBinding(p: *P, kind: Symbol.Kind, binding: *BindingNodeIndex, opts: *ParseStatementOptions) anyerror!void {
            switch (binding.data) {
                .b_missing => {},
                .b_identifier => |bind| {
                    if (!opts.is_typescript_declare or (opts.is_namespace_scope and opts.is_export)) {
                        bind.ref = try p.declareSymbol(kind, binding.loc, p.loadNameFromRef(bind.ref));
                    }
                },
                .b_array => |bind| {
                    for (bind.items) |*item| {
                        p.declareBinding(kind, &item.binding, opts) catch unreachable;
                    }
                },
                .b_object => |bind| {
                    for (bind.properties) |*prop| {
                        p.declareBinding(kind, &prop.value, opts) catch unreachable;
                    }
                },
            }
        }

        pub fn storeNameInRef(p: *P, name: string) !Ref {
            if (comptime track_symbol_usage_during_parse_pass) {
                if (p.parse_pass_symbol_uses.getPtr(name)) |res| {
                    res.used = true;
                }
            }

            if (@intFromPtr(p.source.contents.ptr) <= @intFromPtr(name.ptr) and (@intFromPtr(name.ptr) + name.len) <= (@intFromPtr(p.source.contents.ptr) + p.source.contents.len)) {
                return Ref.initSourceEnd(.{
                    .source_index = @intCast(@intFromPtr(name.ptr) - @intFromPtr(p.source.contents.ptr)),
                    .inner_index = @intCast(name.len),
                    .tag = .source_contents_slice,
                });
            } else {
                const inner_index: u31 = @intCast(p.allocated_names.items.len);
                try p.allocated_names.append(p.allocator, name);
                return Ref.init(
                    inner_index,
                    p.source.index.get(),
                    false,
                );
            }
        }

        pub fn loadNameFromRef(p: *P, ref: Ref) string {
            return switch (ref.tag) {
                .symbol => p.symbols.items[ref.innerIndex()].original_name,
                .source_contents_slice => p.source.contents[ref.sourceIndex() .. ref.sourceIndex() + ref.innerIndex()],
                .allocated_name => p.allocated_names.items[ref.innerIndex()],
                else => @panic("Internal error: JS parser tried to load an invalid name from a Ref"),
            };
        }

        // This parses an expression. This assumes we've already parsed the "async"
        // keyword and are currently looking at the following token.
        pub fn parseAsyncPrefixExpr(p: *P, async_range: logger.Range, level: Level) !Expr {
            // "async function() {}"
            if (!p.lexer.has_newline_before and p.lexer.token == T.t_function) {
                return try p.parseFnExpr(async_range.loc, true, async_range);
            }

            // Check the precedence level to avoid parsing an arrow function in
            // "new async () => {}". This also avoids parsing "new async()" as
            // "new (async())()" instead.
            if (!p.lexer.has_newline_before and level.lt(.member)) {
                switch (p.lexer.token) {
                    // "async => {}"
                    .t_equals_greater_than => {
                        if (level.lte(.assign)) {
                            var args = try p.allocator.alloc(G.Arg, 1);
                            args[0] = G.Arg{ .binding = p.b(
                                B.Identifier{
                                    .ref = try p.storeNameInRef("async"),
                                },
                                async_range.loc,
                            ) };
                            _ = p.pushScopeForParsePass(.function_args, async_range.loc) catch unreachable;
                            var data = FnOrArrowDataParse{
                                .needs_async_loc = async_range.loc,
                            };
                            const arrow_body = try p.parseArrowBody(args, &data);
                            p.popScope();
                            return p.newExpr(arrow_body, async_range.loc);
                        }
                    },
                    // "async x => {}"
                    .t_identifier => {
                        if (level.lte(.assign)) {
                            // p.markLoweredSyntaxFeature();

                            const ref = try p.storeNameInRef(p.lexer.identifier);
                            var args = try p.allocator.alloc(G.Arg, 1);
                            args[0] = G.Arg{ .binding = p.b(
                                B.Identifier{
                                    .ref = ref,
                                },
                                p.lexer.loc(),
                            ) };
                            try p.lexer.next();

                            _ = try p.pushScopeForParsePass(.function_args, async_range.loc);
                            defer p.popScope();

                            var data = FnOrArrowDataParse{
                                .allow_await = .allow_expr,
                                .needs_async_loc = args[0].binding.loc,
                            };
                            var arrowBody = try p.parseArrowBody(args, &data);
                            arrowBody.is_async = true;
                            return p.newExpr(arrowBody, async_range.loc);
                        }
                    },

                    // "async()"
                    // "async () => {}"
                    .t_open_paren => {
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        return p.parseParenExpr(async_range.loc, level, ParenExprOpts{ .is_async = true, .async_range = async_range });
                    },

                    // "async<T>()"
                    // "async <T>() => {}"
                    .t_less_than => {
                        if (is_typescript_enabled and (!is_jsx_enabled or try TypeScript.isTSArrowFnJSX(p))) {
                            switch (p.trySkipTypeScriptTypeParametersThenOpenParenWithBacktracking()) {
                                .did_not_skip_anything => {},
                                else => |result| {
                                    try p.lexer.next();
                                    return p.parseParenExpr(async_range.loc, level, ParenExprOpts{
                                        .is_async = true,
                                        .async_range = async_range,
                                        .force_arrow_fn = result == .definitely_type_parameters,
                                    });
                                },
                            }
                        }
                    },

                    else => {},
                }
            }

            // "async"
            // "async + 1"
            return p.newExpr(
                E.Identifier{ .ref = try p.storeNameInRef("async") },
                async_range.loc,
            );
        }

        pub const Backtracking = struct {
            pub inline fn lexerBacktracker(p: *P, func: anytype, comptime ReturnType: type) ReturnType {
                p.markTypeScriptOnly();
                const old_lexer = p.lexer;
                const old_log_disabled = p.lexer.is_log_disabled;
                p.lexer.is_log_disabled = true;
                defer p.lexer.is_log_disabled = old_log_disabled;
                var backtrack = false;
                const FnReturnType = bun.meta.ReturnOf(func);
                const result = func(p) catch |err| brk: {
                    switch (err) {
                        error.Backtrack => {
                            backtrack = true;
                        },
                        else => {
                            if (p.lexer.did_panic) {
                                backtrack = true;
                            }
                        },
                    }
                    if (comptime FnReturnType == anyerror!bool or FnReturnType == anyerror!void)
                        // we are not using the value
                        break :brk undefined;

                    break :brk SkipTypeParameterResult.did_not_skip_anything;
                };

                if (backtrack) {
                    p.lexer.restore(&old_lexer);

                    if (comptime FnReturnType == anyerror!bool) {
                        return false;
                    }
                }

                if (comptime FnReturnType == anyerror!bool) {
                    return true;
                }

                if (comptime ReturnType == void or ReturnType == bool)
                    // If we did not backtrack, then we skipped successfully.
                    return !backtrack;

                return result;
            }

            pub inline fn lexerBacktrackerWithArgs(p: *P, func: anytype, args: anytype, comptime ReturnType: type) ReturnType {
                p.markTypeScriptOnly();
                const old_lexer = p.lexer;
                const old_log_disabled = p.lexer.is_log_disabled;
                p.lexer.is_log_disabled = true;

                defer p.lexer.is_log_disabled = old_log_disabled;
                var backtrack = false;
                const FnReturnType = bun.meta.ReturnOf(func);
                const result = @call(.auto, func, args) catch |err| brk: {
                    switch (err) {
                        error.Backtrack => {
                            backtrack = true;
                        },
                        else => {},
                    }
                    if (comptime FnReturnType == anyerror!bool or FnReturnType == anyerror!void)
                        // we are not using the value
                        break :brk undefined;
                    break :brk SkipTypeParameterResult.did_not_skip_anything;
                };

                if (backtrack) {
                    p.lexer.restore(&old_lexer);
                    if (comptime FnReturnType == anyerror!bool) {
                        return false;
                    }
                }

                if (comptime FnReturnType == anyerror!bool) {
                    return true;
                }

                if (comptime ReturnType == void or ReturnType == bool) return backtrack;
                return result;
            }

            pub fn skipTypeScriptTypeParametersThenOpenParenWithBacktracking(p: *P) anyerror!SkipTypeParameterResult {
                const result = try p.skipTypeScriptTypeParameters(.{ .allow_const_modifier = true });
                if (p.lexer.token != .t_open_paren) {
                    return error.Backtrack;
                }

                return result;
            }

            pub fn skipTypeScriptConstraintOfInferTypeWithBacktracking(p: *P, flags: TypeScript.SkipTypeOptions.Bitset) anyerror!bool {
                try p.lexer.expect(.t_extends);
                try p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithOpts(.prefix, TypeScript.SkipTypeOptions.Bitset.initOne(.disallow_conditional_types), false, {});

                if (!flags.contains(.disallow_conditional_types) and p.lexer.token == .t_question) {
                    return error.Backtrack;
                }

                return true;
            }

            pub fn skipTypeScriptArrowArgsWithBacktracking(p: *P) anyerror!bool {
                try p.skipTypescriptFnArgs();
                p.lexer.expect(.t_equals_greater_than) catch
                    return error.Backtrack;

                return true;
            }

            pub fn skipTypeScriptTypeArgumentsWithBacktracking(p: *P) anyerror!bool {
                if (try p.skipTypeScriptTypeArguments(false)) {
                    // Check the token after this and backtrack if it's the wrong one
                    if (!TypeScript.canFollowTypeArgumentsInExpression(p)) {
                        return error.Backtrack;
                    }
                }

                return true;
            }

            pub fn skipTypeScriptArrowReturnTypeWithBacktracking(p: *P) anyerror!void {
                try p.lexer.expect(.t_colon);

                try p.skipTypescriptReturnType();
                // Check the token after this and backtrack if it's the wrong one
                if (p.lexer.token != .t_equals_greater_than) {
                    return error.Backtrack;
                }
            }
        };

        pub fn trySkipTypeScriptTypeParametersThenOpenParenWithBacktracking(p: *P) SkipTypeParameterResult {
            return Backtracking.lexerBacktracker(p, Backtracking.skipTypeScriptTypeParametersThenOpenParenWithBacktracking, SkipTypeParameterResult);
        }

        pub fn trySkipTypeScriptTypeArgumentsWithBacktracking(p: *P) bool {
            return Backtracking.lexerBacktracker(p, Backtracking.skipTypeScriptTypeArgumentsWithBacktracking, bool);
        }

        pub fn trySkipTypeScriptArrowReturnTypeWithBacktracking(p: *P) bool {
            return Backtracking.lexerBacktracker(p, Backtracking.skipTypeScriptArrowReturnTypeWithBacktracking, bool);
        }

        pub fn trySkipTypeScriptArrowArgsWithBacktracking(p: *P) bool {
            return Backtracking.lexerBacktracker(p, Backtracking.skipTypeScriptArrowArgsWithBacktracking, bool);
        }

        pub fn trySkipTypeScriptConstraintOfInferTypeWithBacktracking(p: *P, flags: TypeScript.SkipTypeOptions.Bitset) bool {
            return Backtracking.lexerBacktrackerWithArgs(p, Backtracking.skipTypeScriptConstraintOfInferTypeWithBacktracking, .{ p, flags }, bool);
        }

        pub inline fn parseExprOrBindings(p: *P, level: Level, errors: ?*DeferredErrors) anyerror!Expr {
            return try p.parseExprCommon(level, errors, Expr.EFlags.none);
        }

        pub inline fn parseExpr(p: *P, level: Level) anyerror!Expr {
            return try p.parseExprCommon(level, null, Expr.EFlags.none);
        }

        pub inline fn parseExprWithFlags(p: *P, level: Level, flags: Expr.EFlags) anyerror!Expr {
            return try p.parseExprCommon(level, null, flags);
        }

        fn parseExprCommon(p: *P, level: Level, errors: ?*DeferredErrors, flags: Expr.EFlags) anyerror!Expr {
            if (!p.stack_check.isSafeToRecurse()) {
                try bun.throwStackOverflow();
            }

            const had_pure_comment_before = p.lexer.has_pure_comment_before and !p.options.ignore_dce_annotations;
            var expr = try p.parsePrefix(level, errors, flags);

            // There is no formal spec for "__PURE__" comments but from reverse-
            // engineering, it looks like they apply to the next CallExpression or
            // NewExpression. So in "/* @__PURE__ */ a().b() + c()" the comment applies
            // to the expression "a().b()".

            if (had_pure_comment_before and level.lt(.call)) {
                expr = try p.parseSuffix(expr, @as(Level, @enumFromInt(@intFromEnum(Level.call) - 1)), errors, flags);
                switch (expr.data) {
                    .e_call => |ex| {
                        ex.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = true;
                    },
                    .e_new => |ex| {
                        ex.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = true;
                    },
                    else => {},
                }
            }

            return try p.parseSuffix(expr, level, errors, flags);
        }

        pub inline fn addImportRecord(p: *P, kind: ImportKind, loc: logger.Loc, name: string) u32 {
            return p.addImportRecordByRange(kind, p.source.rangeOfString(loc), name);
        }

        pub fn addImportRecordByRange(p: *P, kind: ImportKind, range: logger.Range, name: string) u32 {
            return p.addImportRecordByRangeAndPath(kind, range, fs.Path.init(name));
        }

        pub fn addImportRecordByRangeAndPath(p: *P, kind: ImportKind, range: logger.Range, path: fs.Path) u32 {
            const index = p.import_records.items.len;
            const record = ImportRecord{
                .kind = kind,
                .range = range,
                .path = path,
            };
            p.import_records.append(record) catch unreachable;
            return @as(u32, @intCast(index));
        }

        pub fn popScope(noalias p: *P) void {
            const current_scope = p.current_scope;
            // We cannot rename anything inside a scope containing a direct eval() call
            if (current_scope.contains_direct_eval) {
                var iter = current_scope.members.iterator();
                while (iter.next()) |member| {

                    // Using direct eval when bundling is not a good idea in general because
                    // esbuild must assume that it can potentially reach anything in any of
                    // the containing scopes. We try to make it work but this isn't possible
                    // in some cases.
                    //
                    // For example, symbols imported using an ESM import are a live binding
                    // to the underlying symbol in another file. This is emulated during
                    // scope hoisting by erasing the ESM import and just referencing the
                    // underlying symbol in the flattened bundle directly. However, that
                    // symbol may have a different name which could break uses of direct
                    // eval:
                    //
                    //   // Before bundling
                    //   import { foo as bar } from './foo.js'
                    //   console.log(eval('bar'))
                    //
                    //   // After bundling
                    //   let foo = 123 // The contents of "foo.js"
                    //   console.log(eval('bar'))
                    //
                    // There really isn't any way to fix this. You can't just rename "foo" to
                    // "bar" in the example above because there may be a third bundled file
                    // that also contains direct eval and imports the same symbol with a
                    // different conflicting import alias. And there is no way to store a
                    // live binding to the underlying symbol in a variable with the import's
                    // name so that direct eval can access it:
                    //
                    //   // After bundling
                    //   let foo = 123 // The contents of "foo.js"
                    //   const bar = /* cannot express a live binding to "foo" here */
                    //   console.log(eval('bar'))
                    //
                    // Technically a "with" statement could potentially make this work (with
                    // a big hit to performance), but they are deprecated and are unavailable
                    // in strict mode. This is a non-starter since all ESM code is strict mode.
                    //
                    // So while we still try to obey the requirement that all symbol names are
                    // pinned when direct eval is present, we make an exception for top-level
                    // symbols in an ESM file when bundling is enabled. We make no guarantee
                    // that "eval" will be able to reach these symbols and we allow them to be
                    // renamed or removed by tree shaking.
                    // if (p.currentScope.parent == null and p.has_es_module_syntax) {
                    //     continue;
                    // }

                    p.symbols.items[member.value_ptr.ref.innerIndex()].must_not_be_renamed = true;
                }
            }

            p.current_scope = current_scope.parent orelse p.panic("Internal error: attempted to call popScope() on the topmost scope", .{});
        }

        pub fn markExprAsParenthesized(noalias _: *P, expr: *Expr) void {
            switch (expr.data) {
                .e_array => |ex| {
                    ex.is_parenthesized = true;
                },
                .e_object => |ex| {
                    ex.is_parenthesized = true;
                },
                else => {
                    return;
                },
            }
        }

        pub fn parseYieldExpr(p: *P, loc: logger.Loc) !ExprNodeIndex {
            // Parse a yield-from expression, which yields from an iterator
            const isStar = p.lexer.token == T.t_asterisk;

            if (isStar) {
                if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                    try p.lexer.unexpected();
                    return error.SyntaxError;
                }
                try p.lexer.next();
            }

            var value: ?ExprNodeIndex = null;
            switch (p.lexer.token) {
                .t_close_brace, .t_close_paren, .t_close_bracket, .t_colon, .t_comma, .t_semicolon => {},
                else => {
                    if (isStar or !p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                        value = try p.parseExpr(.yield);
                    }
                },
            }

            return p.newExpr(E.Yield{
                .value = value,
                .is_star = isStar,
            }, loc);
        }

        pub fn parseProperty(p: *P, kind: Property.Kind, opts: *PropertyOpts, errors: ?*DeferredErrors) anyerror!?G.Property {
            var key: Expr = Expr{ .loc = logger.Loc.Empty, .data = .{ .e_missing = E.Missing{} } };
            const key_range = p.lexer.range();
            var is_computed = false;

            switch (p.lexer.token) {
                .t_numeric_literal => {
                    key = p.newExpr(E.Number{
                        .value = p.lexer.number,
                    }, p.lexer.loc());
                    // p.checkForLegacyOctalLiteral()
                    try p.lexer.next();
                },
                .t_string_literal => {
                    key = try p.parseStringLiteral();
                },
                .t_big_integer_literal => {
                    key = p.newExpr(E.BigInt{ .value = p.lexer.identifier }, p.lexer.loc());
                    // markSyntaxFeature
                    try p.lexer.next();
                },
                .t_private_identifier => {
                    if (!opts.is_class or opts.ts_decorators.len > 0) {
                        try p.lexer.expected(.t_identifier);
                    }

                    key = p.newExpr(E.PrivateIdentifier{ .ref = p.storeNameInRef(p.lexer.identifier) catch unreachable }, p.lexer.loc());
                    try p.lexer.next();
                },
                .t_open_bracket => {
                    is_computed = true;
                    // p.markSyntaxFeature(compat.objectExtensions, p.lexer.range())
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    const wasIdentifier = p.lexer.token == .t_identifier;
                    const expr = try p.parseExpr(.comma);

                    if (comptime is_typescript_enabled) {

                        // Handle index signatures
                        if (p.lexer.token == .t_colon and wasIdentifier and opts.is_class) {
                            switch (expr.data) {
                                .e_identifier => {
                                    try p.lexer.next();
                                    try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_bracket);
                                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_colon);
                                    try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                                    try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();

                                    // Skip this property entirely
                                    return null;
                                },
                                else => {},
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_bracket);
                    key = expr;
                },
                .t_asterisk => {
                    if (kind != .normal or opts.is_generator) {
                        try p.lexer.unexpected();
                        return error.SyntaxError;
                    }

                    try p.lexer.next();
                    opts.is_generator = true;
                    return try p.parseProperty(.normal, opts, errors);
                },

                else => {
                    const name = p.lexer.identifier;
                    const raw = p.lexer.raw();
                    const name_range = p.lexer.range();

                    if (!p.lexer.isIdentifierOrKeyword()) {
                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);
                    }

                    try p.lexer.next();

                    // Support contextual keywords
                    if (kind == .normal and !opts.is_generator) {
                        // Does the following token look like a key?
                        const couldBeModifierKeyword = p.lexer.isIdentifierOrKeyword() or switch (p.lexer.token) {
                            .t_open_bracket, .t_numeric_literal, .t_string_literal, .t_asterisk, .t_private_identifier => true,
                            else => false,
                        };

                        // If so, check for a modifier keyword
                        if (couldBeModifierKeyword) {
                            // TODO: micro-optimization, use a smaller list for non-typescript files.
                            if (js_lexer.PropertyModifierKeyword.List.get(name)) |keyword| {
                                switch (keyword) {
                                    .p_get => {
                                        if (!opts.is_async and (js_lexer.PropertyModifierKeyword.List.get(raw) orelse .p_static) == .p_get) {
                                            // p.markSyntaxFeature(ObjectAccessors, name_range)
                                            return try p.parseProperty(.get, opts, null);
                                        }
                                    },

                                    .p_set => {
                                        if (!opts.is_async and (js_lexer.PropertyModifierKeyword.List.get(raw) orelse .p_static) == .p_set) {
                                            // p.markSyntaxFeature(ObjectAccessors, name_range)
                                            return try p.parseProperty(.set, opts, null);
                                        }
                                    },
                                    .p_async => {
                                        if (!opts.is_async and (js_lexer.PropertyModifierKeyword.List.get(raw) orelse .p_static) == .p_async and !p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                                            opts.is_async = true;
                                            opts.async_range = name_range;

                                            // p.markSyntaxFeature(ObjectAccessors, name_range)
                                            return try p.parseProperty(kind, opts, null);
                                        }
                                    },
                                    .p_static => {
                                        if (!opts.is_static and !opts.is_async and opts.is_class and (js_lexer.PropertyModifierKeyword.List.get(raw) orelse .p_get) == .p_static) {
                                            opts.is_static = true;
                                            return try p.parseProperty(kind, opts, null);
                                        }
                                    },
                                    .p_declare => {
                                        // skip declare keyword entirely
                                        // https://github.com/oven-sh/bun/issues/1907
                                        if (opts.is_class and is_typescript_enabled and strings.eqlComptime(raw, "declare")) {
                                            const scope_index = p.scopes_in_order.items.len;
                                            if (try p.parseProperty(kind, opts, null)) |_prop| {
                                                var prop = _prop;
                                                if (prop.kind == .normal and prop.value == null and opts.ts_decorators.len > 0) {
                                                    prop.kind = .declare;
                                                    return prop;
                                                }
                                            }

                                            p.discardScopesUpTo(scope_index);
                                            return null;
                                        }
                                    },
                                    .p_abstract => {
                                        if (opts.is_class and is_typescript_enabled and !opts.is_ts_abstract and strings.eqlComptime(raw, "abstract")) {
                                            opts.is_ts_abstract = true;
                                            const scope_index = p.scopes_in_order.items.len;
                                            if (try p.parseProperty(kind, opts, null)) |_prop| {
                                                var prop = _prop;
                                                if (prop.kind == .normal and prop.value == null and opts.ts_decorators.len > 0) {
                                                    prop.kind = .abstract;
                                                    return prop;
                                                }
                                            }
                                            p.discardScopesUpTo(scope_index);
                                            return null;
                                        }
                                    },
                                    .p_private, .p_protected, .p_public, .p_readonly, .p_override => {
                                        // Skip over TypeScript keywords
                                        if (opts.is_class and is_typescript_enabled and (js_lexer.PropertyModifierKeyword.List.get(raw) orelse .p_static) == keyword) {
                                            return try p.parseProperty(kind, opts, null);
                                        }
                                    },
                                }
                            }
                        } else if (p.lexer.token == .t_open_brace and strings.eqlComptime(name, "static")) {
                            const loc = p.lexer.loc();
                            try p.lexer.next();

                            const old_fn_or_arrow_data_parse = p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse;
                            p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse = .{
                                .is_return_disallowed = true,
                                .allow_super_property = true,
                                .allow_await = .forbid_all,
                            };

                            _ = try p.pushScopeForParsePass(.class_static_init, loc);
                            var _parse_opts = ParseStatementOptions{};
                            const stmts = try p.parseStmtsUpTo(.t_close_brace, &_parse_opts);

                            p.popScope();

                            p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse = old_fn_or_arrow_data_parse;
                            try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_brace);

                            const block = p.allocator.create(
                                G.ClassStaticBlock,
                            ) catch unreachable;

                            block.* = G.ClassStaticBlock{
                                .stmts = js_ast.BabyList(Stmt).init(stmts),
                                .loc = loc,
                            };

                            return G.Property{
                                .kind = .class_static_block,
                                .class_static_block = block,
                            };
                        }
                    }

                    // Handle invalid identifiers in property names
                    // https://github.com/oven-sh/bun/issues/12039
                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_syntax_error) {
                        p.log.addRangeErrorFmt(p.source, name_range, p.allocator, "Unexpected {}", .{bun.fmt.quote(name)}) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                        return error.SyntaxError;
                    }

                    key = p.newExpr(E.String{ .data = name }, name_range.loc);

                    // Parse a shorthand property
                    const isShorthandProperty = !opts.is_class and
                        kind == .normal and
                        p.lexer.token != .t_colon and
                        p.lexer.token != .t_open_paren and
                        p.lexer.token != .t_less_than and
                        !opts.is_generator and
                        !opts.is_async and
                        !js_lexer.Keywords.has(name);

                    if (isShorthandProperty) {
                        if ((p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.allow_await != .allow_ident and
                            strings.eqlComptime(name, "await")) or
                            (p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.allow_yield != .allow_ident and
                                strings.eqlComptime(name, "yield")))
                        {
                            if (strings.eqlComptime(name, "await")) {
                                p.log.addRangeError(p.source, name_range, "Cannot use \"await\" here") catch unreachable;
                            } else {
                                p.log.addRangeError(p.source, name_range, "Cannot use \"yield\" here") catch unreachable;
                            }
                        }

                        const ref = p.storeNameInRef(name) catch unreachable;
                        const value = p.newExpr(E.Identifier{ .ref = ref }, key.loc);

                        // Destructuring patterns have an optional default value
                        var initializer: ?Expr = null;
                        if (errors != null and p.lexer.token == .t_equals) {
                            errors.?.invalid_expr_default_value = p.lexer.range();
                            try p.lexer.next();
                            initializer = try p.parseExpr(.comma);
                        }

                        return G.Property{
                            .kind = kind,
                            .key = key,
                            .value = value,
                            .initializer = initializer,
                            .flags = Flags.Property.init(.{
                                .was_shorthand = true,
                            }),
                        };
                    }
                },
            }

            var has_type_parameters = false;
            var has_definite_assignment_assertion_operator = false;

            if (comptime is_typescript_enabled) {
                if (opts.is_class) {
                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_question) {
                        // "class X { foo?: number }"
                        // "class X { foo!: number }"
                        try p.lexer.next();
                    } else if (p.lexer.token == .t_exclamation and
                        !p.lexer.has_newline_before and
                        kind == .normal and
                        !opts.is_async and
                        !opts.is_generator)
                    {
                        // "class X { foo!: number }"
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        has_definite_assignment_assertion_operator = true;
                    }
                }

                // "class X { foo?<T>(): T }"
                // "const x = { foo<T>(): T {} }"
                if (!has_definite_assignment_assertion_operator) {
                    has_type_parameters = try p.skipTypeScriptTypeParameters(.{ .allow_const_modifier = true }) != .did_not_skip_anything;
                }
            }

            // Parse a class field with an optional initial value
            if (opts.is_class and
                kind == .normal and !opts.is_async and
                !opts.is_generator and
                p.lexer.token != .t_open_paren and
                !has_type_parameters and
                (p.lexer.token != .t_open_paren or has_definite_assignment_assertion_operator))
            {
                var initializer: ?Expr = null;
                var ts_metadata = TypeScript.Metadata.default;

                // Forbid the names "constructor" and "prototype" in some cases
                if (!is_computed) {
                    switch (key.data) {
                        .e_string => |str| {
                            if (str.eqlComptime("constructor") or (opts.is_static and str.eqlComptime("prototype"))) {
                                // TODO: fmt error message to include string value.
                                p.log.addRangeError(p.source, key_range, "Invalid field name") catch unreachable;
                            }
                        },
                        else => {},
                    }
                }

                if (comptime is_typescript_enabled) {
                    // Skip over types
                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_colon) {
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        if (p.options.features.emit_decorator_metadata and opts.is_class and opts.ts_decorators.len > 0) {
                            ts_metadata = try p.skipTypeScriptTypeWithMetadata(.lowest);
                        } else {
                            try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                        }
                    }
                }

                if (p.lexer.token == .t_equals) {
                    if (comptime is_typescript_enabled) {
                        if (!opts.declare_range.isEmpty()) {
                            try p.log.addRangeError(p.source, p.lexer.range(), "Class fields that use \"declare\" cannot be initialized");
                        }
                    }

                    try p.lexer.next();

                    // "this" and "super" property access is allowed in field initializers
                    const old_is_this_disallowed = p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.is_this_disallowed;
                    const old_allow_super_property = p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.allow_super_property;
                    p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.is_this_disallowed = false;
                    p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.allow_super_property = true;

                    initializer = try p.parseExpr(.comma);

                    p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.is_this_disallowed = old_is_this_disallowed;
                    p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.allow_super_property = old_allow_super_property;
                }

                // Special-case private identifiers
                switch (key.data) {
                    .e_private_identifier => |*private| {
                        const name = p.loadNameFromRef(private.ref);
                        if (strings.eqlComptime(name, "#constructor")) {
                            p.log.addRangeError(p.source, key_range, "Invalid field name \"#constructor\"") catch unreachable;
                        }

                        const declare: js_ast.Symbol.Kind = if (opts.is_static)
                            .private_static_field
                        else
                            .private_field;

                        private.ref = p.declareSymbol(declare, key.loc, name) catch unreachable;
                    },
                    else => {},
                }

                try p.lexer.expectOrInsertSemicolon();

                return G.Property{
                    .ts_decorators = ExprNodeList.init(opts.ts_decorators),
                    .kind = kind,
                    .flags = Flags.Property.init(.{
                        .is_computed = is_computed,
                        .is_static = opts.is_static,
                    }),
                    .key = key,
                    .initializer = initializer,
                    .ts_metadata = ts_metadata,
                };
            }

            // Parse a method expression
            if (p.lexer.token == .t_open_paren or kind != .normal or opts.is_class or opts.is_async or opts.is_generator) {
                if (p.lexer.token == .t_open_paren and kind != .get and kind != .set) {
                    // markSyntaxFeature object extensions
                }

                const loc = p.lexer.loc();
                const scope_index = p.pushScopeForParsePass(.function_args, loc) catch unreachable;
                var is_constructor = false;

                // Forbid the names "constructor" and "prototype" in some cases
                if (opts.is_class and !is_computed) {
                    switch (key.data) {
                        .e_string => |str| {
                            if (!opts.is_static and str.eqlComptime("constructor")) {
                                if (kind == .get) {
                                    p.log.addRangeError(p.source, key_range, "Class constructor cannot be a getter") catch unreachable;
                                } else if (kind == .set) {
                                    p.log.addRangeError(p.source, key_range, "Class constructor cannot be a setter") catch unreachable;
                                } else if (opts.is_async) {
                                    p.log.addRangeError(p.source, key_range, "Class constructor cannot be an async function") catch unreachable;
                                } else if (opts.is_generator) {
                                    p.log.addRangeError(p.source, key_range, "Class constructor cannot be a generator function") catch unreachable;
                                } else {
                                    is_constructor = true;
                                }
                            } else if (opts.is_static and str.eqlComptime("prototype")) {
                                p.log.addRangeError(p.source, key_range, "Invalid static method name \"prototype\"") catch unreachable;
                            }
                        },
                        else => {},
                    }
                }

                var func = try p.parseFn(null, FnOrArrowDataParse{
                    .async_range = opts.async_range,
                    .needs_async_loc = key.loc,
                    .has_async_range = !opts.async_range.isEmpty(),
                    .allow_await = if (opts.is_async) AwaitOrYield.allow_expr else AwaitOrYield.allow_ident,
                    .allow_yield = if (opts.is_generator) AwaitOrYield.allow_expr else AwaitOrYield.allow_ident,
                    .allow_super_call = opts.class_has_extends and is_constructor,
                    .allow_super_property = true,
                    .allow_ts_decorators = opts.allow_ts_decorators,
                    .is_constructor = is_constructor,
                    .has_decorators = opts.ts_decorators.len > 0 or (opts.has_class_decorators and is_constructor),

                    // Only allow omitting the body if we're parsing TypeScript class
                    .allow_missing_body_for_type_script = is_typescript_enabled and opts.is_class,
                });

                opts.has_argument_decorators = opts.has_argument_decorators or p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.has_argument_decorators;
                p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.has_argument_decorators = false;

                // "class Foo { foo(): void; foo(): void {} }"
                if (func.flags.contains(.is_forward_declaration)) {
                    // Skip this property entirely
                    p.popAndDiscardScope(scope_index);
                    return null;
                }

                p.popScope();
                func.flags.insert(.is_unique_formal_parameters);
                const value = p.newExpr(E.Function{ .func = func }, loc);

                // Enforce argument rules for accessors
                switch (kind) {
                    .get => {
                        if (func.args.len > 0) {
                            const r = js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, func.args[0].binding.loc);
                            p.log.addRangeErrorFmt(p.source, r, p.allocator, "Getter {s} must have zero arguments", .{p.keyNameForError(key)}) catch unreachable;
                        }
                    },
                    .set => {
                        if (func.args.len != 1) {
                            var r = js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, if (func.args.len > 0) func.args[0].binding.loc else loc);
                            if (func.args.len > 1) {
                                r = js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, func.args[1].binding.loc);
                            }
                            p.log.addRangeErrorFmt(p.source, r, p.allocator, "Setter {s} must have exactly 1 argument (there are {d})", .{ p.keyNameForError(key), func.args.len }) catch unreachable;
                        }
                    },
                    else => {},
                }

                // Special-case private identifiers
                switch (key.data) {
                    .e_private_identifier => |*private| {
                        const declare: Symbol.Kind = switch (kind) {
                            .get => if (opts.is_static)
                                .private_static_get
                            else
                                .private_get,

                            .set => if (opts.is_static)
                                .private_static_set
                            else
                                .private_set,
                            else => if (opts.is_static)
                                .private_static_method
                            else
                                .private_method,
                        };

                        const name = p.loadNameFromRef(private.ref);
                        if (strings.eqlComptime(name, "#constructor")) {
                            p.log.addRangeError(p.source, key_range, "Invalid method name \"#constructor\"") catch unreachable;
                        }
                        private.ref = p.declareSymbol(declare, key.loc, name) catch unreachable;
                    },
                    else => {},
                }

                return G.Property{
                    .ts_decorators = ExprNodeList.init(opts.ts_decorators),
                    .kind = kind,
                    .flags = Flags.Property.init(.{
                        .is_computed = is_computed,
                        .is_method = true,
                        .is_static = opts.is_static,
                    }),
                    .key = key,
                    .value = value,
                    .ts_metadata = .m_function,
                };
            }

            // Parse an object key/value pair
            try p.lexer.expect(.t_colon);
            const value = try p.parseExprOrBindings(.comma, errors);

            return G.Property{
                .kind = kind,
                .flags = Flags.Property.init(.{
                    .is_computed = is_computed,
                }),
                .key = key,
                .value = value,
            };
        }

        // By the time we call this, the identifier and type parameters have already
        // been parsed. We need to start parsing from the "extends" clause.
        pub fn parseClass(p: *P, class_keyword: logger.Range, name: ?js_ast.LocRef, class_opts: ParseClassOptions) !G.Class {
            var extends: ?Expr = null;
            var has_decorators: bool = false;

            if (p.lexer.token == .t_extends) {
                try p.lexer.next();
                extends = try p.parseExpr(.new);

                // TypeScript's type argument parser inside expressions backtracks if the
                // first token after the end of the type parameter list is "{", so the
                // parsed expression above will have backtracked if there are any type
                // arguments. This means we have to re-parse for any type arguments here.
                // This seems kind of wasteful to me but it's what the official compiler
                // does and it probably doesn't have that high of a performance overhead
                // because "extends" clauses aren't that frequent, so it should be ok.
                if (comptime is_typescript_enabled) {
                    _ = try p.skipTypeScriptTypeArguments(false); // isInsideJSXElement
                }
            }

            if (comptime is_typescript_enabled) {
                if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("implements")) {
                    try p.lexer.next();

                    while (true) {
                        try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                        if (p.lexer.token != .t_comma) {
                            break;
                        }
                        try p.lexer.next();
                    }
                }
            }

            const body_loc = p.lexer.loc();
            try p.lexer.expect(T.t_open_brace);
            var properties = ListManaged(G.Property).init(p.allocator);

            // Allow "in" and private fields inside class bodies
            const old_allow_in = p.allow_in;
            const old_allow_private_identifiers = p.allow_private_identifiers;
            p.allow_in = true;
            p.allow_private_identifiers = true;

            // A scope is needed for private identifiers
            const scopeIndex = p.pushScopeForParsePass(.class_body, body_loc) catch unreachable;

            var opts = PropertyOpts{ .is_class = true, .allow_ts_decorators = class_opts.allow_ts_decorators, .class_has_extends = extends != null };
            while (!p.lexer.token.isCloseBraceOrEOF()) {
                if (p.lexer.token == .t_semicolon) {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    continue;
                }

                opts = PropertyOpts{ .is_class = true, .allow_ts_decorators = class_opts.allow_ts_decorators, .class_has_extends = extends != null, .has_argument_decorators = false };

                // Parse decorators for this property
                const first_decorator_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                if (opts.allow_ts_decorators) {
                    opts.ts_decorators = try p.parseTypeScriptDecorators();
                    opts.has_class_decorators = class_opts.ts_decorators.len > 0;
                    has_decorators = has_decorators or opts.ts_decorators.len > 0;
                } else {
                    opts.ts_decorators = &[_]Expr{};
                }

                // This property may turn out to be a type in TypeScript, which should be ignored
                if (try p.parseProperty(.normal, &opts, null)) |property| {
                    properties.append(property) catch unreachable;

                    // Forbid decorators on class constructors
                    if (opts.ts_decorators.len > 0) {
                        switch ((property.key orelse p.panic("Internal error: Expected property {any} to have a key.", .{property})).data) {
                            .e_string => |str| {
                                if (str.eqlComptime("constructor")) {
                                    p.log.addError(p.source, first_decorator_loc, "TypeScript does not allow decorators on class constructors") catch unreachable;
                                }
                            },
                            else => {},
                        }
                    }

                    has_decorators = has_decorators or opts.has_argument_decorators;
                }
            }

            if (class_opts.is_type_script_declare) {
                p.popAndDiscardScope(scopeIndex);
            } else {
                p.popScope();
            }

            p.allow_in = old_allow_in;
            p.allow_private_identifiers = old_allow_private_identifiers;
            const close_brace_loc = p.lexer.loc();
            try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_brace);

            return G.Class{
                .class_name = name,
                .extends = extends,
                .close_brace_loc = close_brace_loc,
                .ts_decorators = ExprNodeList.init(class_opts.ts_decorators),
                .class_keyword = class_keyword,
                .body_loc = body_loc,
                .properties = properties.items,
                .has_decorators = has_decorators or class_opts.ts_decorators.len > 0,
            };
        }

        pub fn skipTypeScriptTypeArguments(p: *P, comptime isInsideJSXElement: bool) anyerror!bool {
            p.markTypeScriptOnly();
            switch (p.lexer.token) {
                .t_less_than, .t_less_than_equals, .t_less_than_less_than, .t_less_than_less_than_equals => {},
                else => {
                    return false;
                },
            }

            try p.lexer.expectLessThan(false);

            while (true) {
                try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                if (p.lexer.token != .t_comma) {
                    break;
                }
                try p.lexer.next();
            }

            // This type argument list must end with a ">"
            try p.lexer.expectGreaterThan(isInsideJSXElement);
            return true;
        }

        pub fn parseTemplateParts(p: *P, include_raw: bool) ![]E.TemplatePart {
            var parts = ListManaged(E.TemplatePart).initCapacity(p.allocator, 1) catch unreachable;
            // Allow "in" inside template literals
            const oldAllowIn = p.allow_in;
            p.allow_in = true;

            parseTemplatePart: while (true) {
                try p.lexer.next();
                const value = try p.parseExpr(.lowest);
                const tail_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                try p.lexer.rescanCloseBraceAsTemplateToken();

                const tail: E.Template.Contents = brk: {
                    if (!include_raw) break :brk .{ .cooked = try p.lexer.toEString() };
                    break :brk .{ .raw = p.lexer.rawTemplateContents() };
                };

                parts.append(E.TemplatePart{
                    .value = value,
                    .tail_loc = tail_loc,
                    .tail = tail,
                }) catch unreachable;

                if (p.lexer.token == .t_template_tail) {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    break :parseTemplatePart;
                }
                if (comptime Environment.allow_assert)
                    assert(p.lexer.token != .t_end_of_file);
            }

            p.allow_in = oldAllowIn;

            return parts.items;
        }

        // This assumes the caller has already checked for TStringLiteral or TNoSubstitutionTemplateLiteral
        pub fn parseStringLiteral(p: *P) anyerror!Expr {
            const loc = p.lexer.loc();
            var str = try p.lexer.toEString();
            str.prefer_template = p.lexer.token == .t_no_substitution_template_literal;

            const expr = p.newExpr(str, loc);
            try p.lexer.next();
            return expr;
        }

        pub fn parseCallArgs(p: *P) anyerror!ExprListLoc {
            // Allow "in" inside call arguments
            const old_allow_in = p.allow_in;
            p.allow_in = true;
            defer p.allow_in = old_allow_in;

            var args = ListManaged(Expr).init(p.allocator);
            try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_paren);

            while (p.lexer.token != .t_close_paren) {
                const loc = p.lexer.loc();
                const is_spread = p.lexer.token == .t_dot_dot_dot;
                if (is_spread) {
                    // p.mark_syntax_feature(compat.rest_argument, p.lexer.range());
                    try p.lexer.next();
                }
                var arg = try p.parseExpr(.comma);
                if (is_spread) {
                    arg = p.newExpr(E.Spread{ .value = arg }, loc);
                }
                args.append(arg) catch unreachable;
                if (p.lexer.token != .t_comma) {
                    break;
                }
                try p.lexer.next();
            }
            const close_paren_loc = p.lexer.loc();
            try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_paren);
            return ExprListLoc{ .list = ExprNodeList.fromList(args), .loc = close_paren_loc };
        }

        pub fn parseSuffix(noalias p: *P, _left: Expr, level: Level, noalias errors: ?*DeferredErrors, flags: Expr.EFlags) anyerror!Expr {
            var left = _left;
            var optional_chain: ?js_ast.OptionalChain = null;
            while (true) {
                if (p.lexer.loc().start == p.after_arrow_body_loc.start) {
                    while (true) {
                        switch (p.lexer.token) {
                            .t_comma => {
                                if (level.gte(.comma)) {
                                    return left;
                                }

                                try p.lexer.next();
                                left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{
                                    .op = .bin_comma,
                                    .left = left,
                                    .right = try p.parseExpr(.comma),
                                }, left.loc);
                            },
                            else => {
                                return left;
                            },
                        }
                    }
                }

                if (comptime is_typescript_enabled) {
                    // Stop now if this token is forbidden to follow a TypeScript "as" cast
                    if (p.forbid_suffix_after_as_loc.start > -1 and p.lexer.loc().start == p.forbid_suffix_after_as_loc.start) {
                        return left;
                    }
                }

                // Reset the optional chain flag by default. That way we won't accidentally
                // treat "c.d" as OptionalChainContinue in "a?.b + c.d".
                const old_optional_chain = optional_chain;
                optional_chain = null;
                switch (p.lexer.token) {
                    .t_dot => {
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        if (p.lexer.token == .t_private_identifier and p.allow_private_identifiers) {
                            // "a.#b"
                            // "a?.b.#c"
                            switch (left.data) {
                                .e_super => {
                                    try p.lexer.expected(.t_identifier);
                                },
                                else => {},
                            }

                            const name = p.lexer.identifier;
                            const name_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                            try p.lexer.next();
                            const ref = p.storeNameInRef(name) catch unreachable;
                            left = p.newExpr(E.Index{
                                .target = left,
                                .index = p.newExpr(
                                    E.PrivateIdentifier{
                                        .ref = ref,
                                    },
                                    name_loc,
                                ),
                                .optional_chain = old_optional_chain,
                            }, left.loc);
                        } else {
                            // "a.b"
                            // "a?.b.c"
                            if (!p.lexer.isIdentifierOrKeyword()) {
                                try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);
                            }

                            const name = p.lexer.identifier;
                            const name_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                            try p.lexer.next();

                            left = p.newExpr(E.Dot{ .target = left, .name = name, .name_loc = name_loc, .optional_chain = old_optional_chain }, left.loc);
                        }

                        optional_chain = old_optional_chain;
                    },
                    .t_question_dot => {
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        var optional_start: ?js_ast.OptionalChain = js_ast.OptionalChain.start;

                        // Remove unnecessary optional chains
                        if (p.options.features.minify_syntax) {
                            const result = SideEffects.toNullOrUndefined(p, left.data);
                            if (result.ok and !result.value) {
                                optional_start = null;
                            }
                        }

                        switch (p.lexer.token) {
                            .t_open_bracket => {
                                // "a?.[b]"
                                try p.lexer.next();

                                // allow "in" inside the brackets;
                                const old_allow_in = p.allow_in;
                                p.allow_in = true;

                                const index = try p.parseExpr(.lowest);

                                p.allow_in = old_allow_in;

                                try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_bracket);
                                left = p.newExpr(
                                    E.Index{ .target = left, .index = index, .optional_chain = optional_start },
                                    left.loc,
                                );
                            },

                            .t_open_paren => {
                                // "a?.()"
                                if (level.gte(.call)) {
                                    return left;
                                }

                                const list_loc = try p.parseCallArgs();
                                left = p.newExpr(E.Call{
                                    .target = left,
                                    .args = list_loc.list,
                                    .close_paren_loc = list_loc.loc,
                                    .optional_chain = optional_start,
                                }, left.loc);
                            },
                            .t_less_than, .t_less_than_less_than => {
                                // "a?.<T>()"
                                if (comptime !is_typescript_enabled) {
                                    try p.lexer.expected(.t_identifier);
                                    return error.SyntaxError;
                                }

                                _ = try p.skipTypeScriptTypeArguments(false);
                                if (p.lexer.token != .t_open_paren) {
                                    try p.lexer.expected(.t_open_paren);
                                }

                                if (level.gte(.call)) {
                                    return left;
                                }

                                const list_loc = try p.parseCallArgs();
                                left = p.newExpr(E.Call{
                                    .target = left,
                                    .args = list_loc.list,
                                    .close_paren_loc = list_loc.loc,
                                    .optional_chain = optional_start,
                                }, left.loc);
                            },
                            else => {
                                if (p.lexer.token == .t_private_identifier and p.allow_private_identifiers) {
                                    // "a?.#b"
                                    const name = p.lexer.identifier;
                                    const name_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                                    try p.lexer.next();
                                    const ref = p.storeNameInRef(name) catch unreachable;
                                    left = p.newExpr(E.Index{
                                        .target = left,
                                        .index = p.newExpr(
                                            E.PrivateIdentifier{
                                                .ref = ref,
                                            },
                                            name_loc,
                                        ),
                                        .optional_chain = optional_start,
                                    }, left.loc);
                                } else {
                                    // "a?.b"
                                    if (!p.lexer.isIdentifierOrKeyword()) {
                                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_identifier);
                                    }
                                    const name = p.lexer.identifier;
                                    const name_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                                    try p.lexer.next();

                                    left = p.newExpr(E.Dot{
                                        .target = left,
                                        .name = name,
                                        .name_loc = name_loc,
                                        .optional_chain = optional_start,
                                    }, left.loc);
                                }
                            },
                        }

                        // Only continue if we have started
                        if ((optional_start orelse .continuation) == .start) {
                            optional_chain = .continuation;
                        }
                    },
                    .t_no_substitution_template_literal => {
                        if (old_optional_chain != null) {
                            p.log.addRangeError(p.source, p.lexer.range(), "Template literals cannot have an optional chain as a tag") catch unreachable;
                        }
                        // p.markSyntaxFeature(compat.TemplateLiteral, p.lexer.Range());
                        const head = p.lexer.rawTemplateContents();
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Template{
                            .tag = left,
                            .head = .{ .raw = head },
                        }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_template_head => {
                        if (old_optional_chain != null) {
                            p.log.addRangeError(p.source, p.lexer.range(), "Template literals cannot have an optional chain as a tag") catch unreachable;
                        }
                        // p.markSyntaxFeature(compat.TemplateLiteral, p.lexer.Range());
                        const head = p.lexer.rawTemplateContents();
                        const partsGroup = try p.parseTemplateParts(true);
                        const tag = left;
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Template{
                            .tag = tag,
                            .head = .{ .raw = head },
                            .parts = partsGroup,
                        }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_open_bracket => {
                        // When parsing a decorator, ignore EIndex expressions since they may be
                        // part of a computed property:
                        //
                        //   class Foo {
                        //     @foo ['computed']() {}
                        //   }
                        //
                        // This matches the behavior of the TypeScript compiler.
                        if (flags == .ts_decorator) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();

                        // Allow "in" inside the brackets
                        const old_allow_in = p.allow_in;
                        p.allow_in = true;

                        const index = try p.parseExpr(.lowest);

                        p.allow_in = old_allow_in;

                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_bracket);

                        left = p.newExpr(E.Index{
                            .target = left,
                            .index = index,
                            .optional_chain = old_optional_chain,
                        }, left.loc);
                        optional_chain = old_optional_chain;
                    },
                    .t_open_paren => {
                        if (level.gte(.call)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        const list_loc = try p.parseCallArgs();
                        left = p.newExpr(
                            E.Call{
                                .target = left,
                                .args = list_loc.list,
                                .close_paren_loc = list_loc.loc,
                                .optional_chain = old_optional_chain,
                            },
                            left.loc,
                        );
                        optional_chain = old_optional_chain;
                    },
                    .t_question => {
                        if (level.gte(.conditional)) {
                            return left;
                        }
                        try p.lexer.next();

                        // Stop now if we're parsing one of these:
                        // "(a?) => {}"
                        // "(a?: b) => {}"
                        // "(a?, b?) => {}"
                        if (is_typescript_enabled and left.loc.start == p.latest_arrow_arg_loc.start and (p.lexer.token == .t_colon or
                            p.lexer.token == .t_close_paren or p.lexer.token == .t_comma))
                        {
                            if (errors == null) {
                                try p.lexer.unexpected();
                                return error.SyntaxError;
                            }
                            errors.?.invalid_expr_after_question = p.lexer.range();
                            return left;
                        }

                        // Allow "in" in between "?" and ":"
                        const old_allow_in = p.allow_in;
                        p.allow_in = true;

                        const yes = try p.parseExpr(.comma);

                        p.allow_in = old_allow_in;

                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_colon);
                        const no = try p.parseExpr(.comma);

                        left = p.newExpr(E.If{
                            .test_ = left,
                            .yes = yes,
                            .no = no,
                        }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_exclamation => {
                        // Skip over TypeScript non-null assertions
                        if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        if (!is_typescript_enabled) {
                            try p.lexer.unexpected();
                            return error.SyntaxError;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        optional_chain = old_optional_chain;
                    },
                    .t_minus_minus => {
                        if (p.lexer.has_newline_before or level.gte(.postfix)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Unary{ .op = .un_post_dec, .value = left }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_plus_plus => {
                        if (p.lexer.has_newline_before or level.gte(.postfix)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Unary{ .op = .un_post_inc, .value = left }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_comma => {
                        if (level.gte(.comma)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_comma, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(.comma) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_plus => {
                        if (level.gte(.add)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_add, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(.add) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_plus_equals => {
                        if (level.gte(.assign)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_add_assign, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(@as(Op.Level, @enumFromInt(@intFromEnum(Op.Level.assign) - 1))) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_minus => {
                        if (level.gte(.add)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_sub, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(.add) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_minus_equals => {
                        if (level.gte(.assign)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_sub_assign, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(Op.Level.sub(Op.Level.assign, 1)) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_asterisk => {
                        if (level.gte(.multiply)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_mul, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(.multiply) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_asterisk_asterisk => {
                        if (level.gte(.exponentiation)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_pow, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(Op.Level.exponentiation.sub(1)) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_asterisk_asterisk_equals => {
                        if (level.gte(.assign)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_pow_assign, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(Op.Level.assign.sub(1)) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_asterisk_equals => {
                        if (level.gte(.assign)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_mul_assign, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(Op.Level.assign.sub(1)) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_percent => {
                        if (level.gte(.multiply)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_rem, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(Op.Level.multiply) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_percent_equals => {
                        if (level.gte(.assign)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_rem_assign, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(Level.assign.sub(1)) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_slash => {
                        if (level.gte(.multiply)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_div, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(Level.multiply) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_slash_equals => {
                        if (level.gte(.assign)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_div_assign, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(Level.assign.sub(1)) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_equals_equals => {
                        if (level.gte(.equals)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_loose_eq, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(Level.equals) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_exclamation_equals => {
                        if (level.gte(.equals)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_loose_ne, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(Level.equals) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_equals_equals_equals => {
                        if (level.gte(.equals)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_strict_eq, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(Level.equals) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_exclamation_equals_equals => {
                        if (level.gte(.equals)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_strict_ne, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(Level.equals) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_less_than => {
                        // TypeScript allows type arguments to be specified with angle brackets
                        // inside an expression. Unlike in other languages, this unfortunately
                        // appears to require backtracking to parse.
                        if (is_typescript_enabled and p.trySkipTypeScriptTypeArgumentsWithBacktracking()) {
                            optional_chain = old_optional_chain;
                            continue;
                        }

                        if (level.gte(.compare)) {
                            return left;
                        }
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_lt, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(.compare) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_less_than_equals => {
                        if (level.gte(.compare)) {
                            return left;
                        }
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_le, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(.compare) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_greater_than => {
                        if (level.gte(.compare)) {
                            return left;
                        }
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_gt, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(.compare) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_greater_than_equals => {
                        if (level.gte(.compare)) {
                            return left;
                        }
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_ge, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(.compare) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_less_than_less_than => {
                        // TypeScript allows type arguments to be specified with angle brackets
                        // inside an expression. Unlike in other languages, this unfortunately
                        // appears to require backtracking to parse.
                        if (is_typescript_enabled and p.trySkipTypeScriptTypeArgumentsWithBacktracking()) {
                            optional_chain = old_optional_chain;
                            continue;
                        }

                        if (level.gte(.shift)) {
                            return left;
                        }
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_shl, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(.shift) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_less_than_less_than_equals => {
                        if (level.gte(.assign)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_shl_assign, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(Level.assign.sub(1)) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_greater_than_greater_than => {
                        if (level.gte(.shift)) {
                            return left;
                        }
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_shr, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(.shift) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_greater_than_greater_than_equals => {
                        if (level.gte(.assign)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_shr_assign, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(Level.assign.sub(1)) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_greater_than_greater_than_greater_than => {
                        if (level.gte(.shift)) {
                            return left;
                        }
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_u_shr, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(.shift) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_greater_than_greater_than_greater_than_equals => {
                        if (level.gte(.assign)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_u_shr_assign, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(Level.assign.sub(1)) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_question_question => {
                        if (level.gte(.nullish_coalescing)) {
                            return left;
                        }
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        const prev = left;
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_nullish_coalescing, .left = prev, .right = try p.parseExpr(.nullish_coalescing) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_question_question_equals => {
                        if (level.gte(.assign)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_nullish_coalescing_assign, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(Level.assign.sub(1)) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_bar_bar => {
                        if (level.gte(.logical_or)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        // Prevent "||" inside "??" from the right
                        if (level.eql(.nullish_coalescing)) {
                            try p.lexer.unexpected();
                            return error.SyntaxError;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        const right = try p.parseExpr(.logical_or);
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = Op.Code.bin_logical_or, .left = left, .right = right }, left.loc);

                        if (level.lt(.nullish_coalescing)) {
                            left = try p.parseSuffix(left, Level.nullish_coalescing.addF(1), null, flags);

                            if (p.lexer.token == .t_question_question) {
                                try p.lexer.unexpected();
                                return error.SyntaxError;
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .t_bar_bar_equals => {
                        if (level.gte(.assign)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_logical_or_assign, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(Level.assign.sub(1)) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_ampersand_ampersand => {
                        if (level.gte(.logical_and)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        // Prevent "&&" inside "??" from the right
                        if (level.eql(.nullish_coalescing)) {
                            try p.lexer.unexpected();
                            return error.SyntaxError;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_logical_and, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(.logical_and) }, left.loc);

                        // Prevent "&&" inside "??" from the left
                        if (level.lt(.nullish_coalescing)) {
                            left = try p.parseSuffix(left, Level.nullish_coalescing.addF(1), null, flags);

                            if (p.lexer.token == .t_question_question) {
                                try p.lexer.unexpected();
                                return error.SyntaxError;
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .t_ampersand_ampersand_equals => {
                        if (level.gte(.assign)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_logical_and_assign, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(Level.assign.sub(1)) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_bar => {
                        if (level.gte(.bitwise_or)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_bitwise_or, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(.bitwise_or) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_bar_equals => {
                        if (level.gte(.assign)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_bitwise_or_assign, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(Level.assign.sub(1)) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_ampersand => {
                        if (level.gte(.bitwise_and)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_bitwise_and, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(.bitwise_and) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_ampersand_equals => {
                        if (level.gte(.assign)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_bitwise_and_assign, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(Level.assign.sub(1)) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_caret => {
                        if (level.gte(.bitwise_xor)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_bitwise_xor, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(.bitwise_xor) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_caret_equals => {
                        if (level.gte(.assign)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_bitwise_xor_assign, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(Level.assign.sub(1)) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_equals => {
                        if (level.gte(.assign)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();

                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_assign, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(Level.assign.sub(1)) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_in => {
                        if (level.gte(.compare) or !p.allow_in) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        // Warn about "!a in b" instead of "!(a in b)"
                        switch (left.data) {
                            .e_unary => |unary| {
                                if (unary.op == .un_not) {
                                    // TODO:
                                    // p.log.addRangeWarning(source: ?Source, r: Range, text: string)
                                }
                            },
                            else => {},
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_in, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(.compare) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    .t_instanceof => {
                        if (level.gte(.compare)) {
                            return left;
                        }

                        // Warn about "!a instanceof b" instead of "!(a instanceof b)". Here's an
                        // example of code with this problem: https://github.com/mrdoob/three.js/pull/11182.
                        if (!p.options.suppress_warnings_about_weird_code) {
                            switch (left.data) {
                                .e_unary => |unary| {
                                    if (unary.op == .un_not) {
                                        // TODO:
                                        // p.log.addRangeWarning(source: ?Source, r: Range, text: string)
                                    }
                                },
                                else => {},
                            }
                        }
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        left = p.newExpr(E.Binary{ .op = .bin_instanceof, .left = left, .right = try p.parseExpr(.compare) }, left.loc);
                    },
                    else => {
                        // Handle the TypeScript "as" operator
                        // Handle the TypeScript "satisfies" operator
                        if (is_typescript_enabled and level.lt(.compare) and !p.lexer.has_newline_before and (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("as") or p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("satisfies"))) {
                            try p.lexer.next();
                            try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);

                            // These tokens are not allowed to follow a cast expression. This isn't
                            // an outright error because it may be on a new line, in which case it's
                            // the start of a new expression when it's after a cast:
                            //
                            //   x = y as z
                            //   (something);
                            //
                            switch (p.lexer.token) {
                                .t_plus_plus,
                                .t_minus_minus,
                                .t_no_substitution_template_literal,
                                .t_template_head,
                                .t_open_paren,
                                .t_open_bracket,
                                .t_question_dot,
                                => {
                                    p.forbid_suffix_after_as_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                                    return left;
                                },
                                else => {},
                            }

                            if (p.lexer.token.isAssign()) {
                                p.forbid_suffix_after_as_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                                return left;
                            }
                            continue;
                        }

                        return left;
                    },
                }
            }
        }

        pub fn panic(p: *P, comptime fmt: string, args: anytype) noreturn {
            @branchHint(.cold);
            p.panicLoc(fmt, args, null);
        }

        pub fn panicLoc(p: *P, comptime fmt: string, args: anytype, loc: ?logger.Loc) noreturn {
            var panic_buffer = p.allocator.alloc(u8, 32 * 1024) catch unreachable;
            var panic_stream = std.io.fixedBufferStream(panic_buffer);

            // panic during visit pass leaves the lexer at the end, which
            // would make this location absolutely useless.
            const location = loc orelse p.lexer.loc();
            if (location.start < p.lexer.source.contents.len and !location.isEmpty()) {
                p.log.addRangeErrorFmt(
                    p.source,
                    .{ .loc = location },
                    p.allocator,
                    "panic here",
                    .{},
                ) catch bun.outOfMemory();
            }

            p.log.level = .verbose;
            p.log.print(panic_stream.writer()) catch unreachable;

            Output.panic(fmt ++ "\n{s}", args ++ .{panic_buffer[0..panic_stream.pos]});
        }

        pub fn parsePrefix(noalias p: *P, level: Level, noalias errors: ?*DeferredErrors, flags: Expr.EFlags) anyerror!Expr {
            const loc = p.lexer.loc();
            const l = @intFromEnum(level);
            // Output.print("Parse Prefix {s}:{s} @{s} ", .{ p.lexer.token, p.lexer.raw(), @tagName(level) });

            switch (p.lexer.token) {
                .t_super => {
                    const superRange = p.lexer.range();
                    try p.lexer.next();

                    switch (p.lexer.token) {
                        .t_open_paren => {
                            if (l < @intFromEnum(Level.call) and p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.allow_super_call) {
                                return p.newExpr(E.Super{}, loc);
                            }
                        },
                        .t_dot, .t_open_bracket => {
                            if (p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.allow_super_property) {
                                return p.newExpr(E.Super{}, loc);
                            }
                        },
                        else => {},
                    }

                    p.log.addRangeError(p.source, superRange, "Unexpected \"super\"") catch unreachable;
                    return p.newExpr(E.Super{}, loc);
                },
                .t_open_paren => {
                    try p.lexer.next();

                    // Arrow functions aren't allowed in the middle of expressions
                    if (level.gt(.assign)) {
                        // Allow "in" inside parentheses
                        const oldAllowIn = p.allow_in;
                        p.allow_in = true;

                        var value = try p.parseExpr(Level.lowest);
                        p.markExprAsParenthesized(&value);
                        try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_paren);

                        p.allow_in = oldAllowIn;
                        return value;
                    }

                    return p.parseParenExpr(loc, level, ParenExprOpts{});
                },
                .t_false => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    return p.newExpr(E.Boolean{ .value = false }, loc);
                },
                .t_true => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    return p.newExpr(E.Boolean{ .value = true }, loc);
                },
                .t_null => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    return p.newExpr(E.Null{}, loc);
                },
                .t_this => {
                    if (p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.is_this_disallowed) {
                        p.log.addRangeError(p.source, p.lexer.range(), "Cannot use \"this\" here") catch unreachable;
                    }
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    return Expr{ .data = Prefill.Data.This, .loc = loc };
                },
                .t_private_identifier => {
                    if (!p.allow_private_identifiers or !p.allow_in or level.gte(.compare)) {
                        try p.lexer.unexpected();
                        return error.SyntaxError;
                    }

                    const name = p.lexer.identifier;
                    try p.lexer.next();

                    // Check for "#foo in bar"
                    if (p.lexer.token != .t_in) {
                        try p.lexer.expected(.t_in);
                    }

                    return p.newExpr(E.PrivateIdentifier{ .ref = try p.storeNameInRef(name) }, loc);
                },
                .t_identifier => {
                    const name = p.lexer.identifier;
                    const name_range = p.lexer.range();
                    const raw = p.lexer.raw();

                    try p.lexer.next();

                    // Handle async and await expressions
                    switch (AsyncPrefixExpression.find(name)) {
                        .is_async => {
                            if ((raw.ptr == name.ptr and raw.len == name.len) or AsyncPrefixExpression.find(raw) == .is_async) {
                                return try p.parseAsyncPrefixExpr(name_range, level);
                            }
                        },

                        .is_await => {
                            switch (p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.allow_await) {
                                .forbid_all => {
                                    p.log.addRangeError(p.source, name_range, "The keyword \"await\" cannot be used here") catch unreachable;
                                },
                                .allow_expr => {
                                    if (AsyncPrefixExpression.find(raw) != .is_await) {
                                        p.log.addRangeError(p.source, name_range, "The keyword \"await\" cannot be escaped") catch unreachable;
                                    } else {
                                        if (p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.is_top_level) {
                                            p.top_level_await_keyword = name_range;
                                        }

                                        if (p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.track_arrow_arg_errors) {
                                            p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.arrow_arg_errors.invalid_expr_await = name_range;
                                        }

                                        const value = try p.parseExpr(.prefix);
                                        if (p.lexer.token == T.t_asterisk_asterisk) {
                                            try p.lexer.unexpected();
                                            return error.SyntaxError;
                                        }

                                        return p.newExpr(E.Await{ .value = value }, loc);
                                    }
                                },
                                .allow_ident => {
                                    p.lexer.prev_token_was_await_keyword = true;
                                    p.lexer.await_keyword_loc = name_range.loc;
                                    p.lexer.fn_or_arrow_start_loc = p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.needs_async_loc;
                                },
                            }
                        },

                        .is_yield => {
                            switch (p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.allow_yield) {
                                .forbid_all => {
                                    p.log.addRangeError(p.source, name_range, "The keyword \"yield\" cannot be used here") catch unreachable;
                                },
                                .allow_expr => {
                                    if (AsyncPrefixExpression.find(raw) != .is_yield) {
                                        p.log.addRangeError(p.source, name_range, "The keyword \"yield\" cannot be escaped") catch unreachable;
                                    } else {
                                        if (level.gt(.assign)) {
                                            p.log.addRangeError(p.source, name_range, "Cannot use a \"yield\" here without parentheses") catch unreachable;
                                        }

                                        if (p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.track_arrow_arg_errors) {
                                            p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.arrow_arg_errors.invalid_expr_yield = name_range;
                                        }

                                        return p.parseYieldExpr(loc);
                                    }
                                },
                                // .allow_ident => {

                                // },
                                else => {
                                    // Try to gracefully recover if "yield" is used in the wrong place
                                    if (!p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                                        switch (p.lexer.token) {
                                            .t_null, .t_identifier, .t_false, .t_true, .t_numeric_literal, .t_big_integer_literal, .t_string_literal => {
                                                p.log.addRangeError(p.source, name_range, "Cannot use \"yield\" outside a generator function") catch unreachable;
                                            },
                                            else => {},
                                        }
                                    }
                                },
                            }
                        },
                        .none => {},
                    }

                    // Handle the start of an arrow expression
                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_equals_greater_than and level.lte(.assign)) {
                        const ref = p.storeNameInRef(name) catch unreachable;
                        var args = p.allocator.alloc(Arg, 1) catch unreachable;
                        args[0] = Arg{ .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{
                            .ref = ref,
                        }, loc) };

                        _ = p.pushScopeForParsePass(.function_args, loc) catch unreachable;
                        defer p.popScope();

                        var fn_or_arrow_data = FnOrArrowDataParse{
                            .needs_async_loc = loc,
                        };
                        return p.newExpr(try p.parseArrowBody(args, &fn_or_arrow_data), loc);
                    }

                    const ref = p.storeNameInRef(name) catch unreachable;

                    return Expr.initIdentifier(ref, loc);
                },
                .t_string_literal, .t_no_substitution_template_literal => {
                    return try p.parseStringLiteral();
                },
                .t_template_head => {
                    const head = try p.lexer.toEString();

                    const parts = try p.parseTemplateParts(false);

                    // Check if TemplateLiteral is unsupported. We don't care for this product.`
                    // if ()

                    return p.newExpr(E.Template{
                        .head = .{ .cooked = head },
                        .parts = parts,
                    }, loc);
                },
                .t_numeric_literal => {
                    const value = p.newExpr(E.Number{ .value = p.lexer.number }, loc);
                    // p.checkForLegacyOctalLiteral()
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    return value;
                },
                .t_big_integer_literal => {
                    const value = p.lexer.identifier;
                    // markSyntaxFeature bigInt
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    return p.newExpr(E.BigInt{ .value = value }, loc);
                },
                .t_slash, .t_slash_equals => {
                    try p.lexer.scanRegExp();
                    // always set regex_flags_start to null to make sure we don't accidentally use the wrong value later
                    defer p.lexer.regex_flags_start = null;
                    const value = p.lexer.raw();
                    try p.lexer.next();

                    return p.newExpr(E.RegExp{ .value = value, .flags_offset = p.lexer.regex_flags_start }, loc);
                },
                .t_void => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    const value = try p.parseExpr(.prefix);
                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_asterisk_asterisk) {
                        try p.lexer.unexpected();
                        return error.SyntaxError;
                    }

                    return p.newExpr(E.Unary{
                        .op = .un_void,
                        .value = value,
                    }, loc);
                },
                .t_typeof => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    const value = try p.parseExpr(.prefix);
                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_asterisk_asterisk) {
                        try p.lexer.unexpected();
                        return error.SyntaxError;
                    }

                    return p.newExpr(E.Unary{ .op = .un_typeof, .value = value }, loc);
                },
                .t_delete => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    const value = try p.parseExpr(.prefix);
                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_asterisk_asterisk) {
                        try p.lexer.unexpected();
                        return error.SyntaxError;
                    }
                    if (value.data == .e_index) {
                        if (value.data.e_index.index.data == .e_private_identifier) {
                            const private = value.data.e_index.index.data.e_private_identifier;
                            const name = p.loadNameFromRef(private.ref);
                            const range = logger.Range{ .loc = value.loc, .len = @as(i32, @intCast(name.len)) };
                            p.log.addRangeErrorFmt(p.source, range, p.allocator, "Deleting the private name \"{s}\" is forbidden", .{name}) catch unreachable;
                        }
                    }

                    return p.newExpr(E.Unary{ .op = .un_delete, .value = value }, loc);
                },
                .t_plus => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    const value = try p.parseExpr(.prefix);
                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_asterisk_asterisk) {
                        try p.lexer.unexpected();
                        return error.SyntaxError;
                    }

                    return p.newExpr(E.Unary{ .op = .un_pos, .value = value }, loc);
                },
                .t_minus => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    const value = try p.parseExpr(.prefix);
                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_asterisk_asterisk) {
                        try p.lexer.unexpected();
                        return error.SyntaxError;
                    }

                    return p.newExpr(E.Unary{ .op = .un_neg, .value = value }, loc);
                },
                .t_tilde => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    const value = try p.parseExpr(.prefix);
                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_asterisk_asterisk) {
                        try p.lexer.unexpected();
                        return error.SyntaxError;
                    }

                    return p.newExpr(E.Unary{ .op = .un_cpl, .value = value }, loc);
                },
                .t_exclamation => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    const value = try p.parseExpr(.prefix);
                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_asterisk_asterisk) {
                        try p.lexer.unexpected();
                        return error.SyntaxError;
                    }

                    return p.newExpr(E.Unary{ .op = .un_not, .value = value }, loc);
                },
                .t_minus_minus => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    return p.newExpr(E.Unary{ .op = .un_pre_dec, .value = try p.parseExpr(.prefix) }, loc);
                },
                .t_plus_plus => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    return p.newExpr(E.Unary{ .op = .un_pre_inc, .value = try p.parseExpr(.prefix) }, loc);
                },
                .t_function => {
                    return try p.parseFnExpr(loc, false, logger.Range.None);
                },
                .t_class => {
                    const classKeyword = p.lexer.range();
                    // markSyntaxFEatuer class
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    var name: ?js_ast.LocRef = null;

                    _ = p.pushScopeForParsePass(.class_name, loc) catch unreachable;

                    // Parse an optional class name
                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_identifier) {
                        const name_text = p.lexer.identifier;
                        if (!is_typescript_enabled or !strings.eqlComptime(name_text, "implements")) {
                            if (p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.allow_await != .allow_ident and strings.eqlComptime(name_text, "await")) {
                                p.log.addRangeError(p.source, p.lexer.range(), "Cannot use \"await\" as an identifier here") catch unreachable;
                            }

                            name = js_ast.LocRef{
                                .loc = p.lexer.loc(),
                                .ref = p.newSymbol(
                                    .other,
                                    name_text,
                                ) catch unreachable,
                            };
                            try p.lexer.next();
                        }
                    }

                    // Even anonymous classes can have TypeScript type parameters
                    if (is_typescript_enabled) {
                        _ = try p.skipTypeScriptTypeParameters(.{ .allow_in_out_variance_annotations = true, .allow_const_modifier = true });
                    }

                    const class = try p.parseClass(classKeyword, name, ParseClassOptions{});
                    p.popScope();

                    return p.newExpr(class, loc);
                },
                .t_new => {
                    try p.lexer.next();

                    // Special-case the weird "new.target" expression here
                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_dot) {
                        try p.lexer.next();

                        if (p.lexer.token != .t_identifier or !strings.eqlComptime(p.lexer.raw(), "target")) {
                            try p.lexer.unexpected();
                            return error.SyntaxError;
                        }
                        const range = logger.Range{ .loc = loc, .len = p.lexer.range().end().start - loc.start };

                        try p.lexer.next();
                        return p.newExpr(E.NewTarget{ .range = range }, loc);
                    }

                    const target = try p.parseExprWithFlags(.member, flags);
                    var args = ExprNodeList{};

                    if (comptime is_typescript_enabled) {
                        // Skip over TypeScript type arguments here if there are any
                        if (p.lexer.token == .t_less_than) {
                            _ = p.trySkipTypeScriptTypeArgumentsWithBacktracking();
                        }
                    }

                    var close_parens_loc = logger.Loc.Empty;
                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_open_paren) {
                        const call_args = try p.parseCallArgs();
                        args = call_args.list;
                        close_parens_loc = call_args.loc;
                    }

                    return p.newExpr(E.New{
                        .target = target,
                        .args = args,
                        .close_parens_loc = close_parens_loc,
                    }, loc);
                },
                .t_open_bracket => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    var is_single_line = !p.lexer.has_newline_before;
                    var items = ListManaged(Expr).init(p.allocator);
                    var self_errors = DeferredErrors{};
                    var comma_after_spread = logger.Loc{};

                    // Allow "in" inside arrays
                    const old_allow_in = p.allow_in;
                    p.allow_in = true;

                    while (p.lexer.token != .t_close_bracket) {
                        switch (p.lexer.token) {
                            .t_comma => {
                                items.append(Expr{ .data = Prefill.Data.EMissing, .loc = p.lexer.loc() }) catch unreachable;
                            },
                            .t_dot_dot_dot => {
                                if (errors != null)
                                    errors.?.array_spread_feature = p.lexer.range();

                                const dots_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                                try p.lexer.next();
                                items.append(
                                    p.newExpr(E.Spread{ .value = try p.parseExprOrBindings(.comma, &self_errors) }, dots_loc),
                                ) catch unreachable;

                                // Commas are not allowed here when destructuring
                                if (p.lexer.token == .t_comma) {
                                    comma_after_spread = p.lexer.loc();
                                }
                            },
                            else => {
                                items.append(
                                    try p.parseExprOrBindings(.comma, &self_errors),
                                ) catch unreachable;
                            },
                        }

                        if (p.lexer.token != .t_comma) {
                            break;
                        }

                        if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                            is_single_line = false;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();

                        if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                            is_single_line = false;
                        }
                    }

                    if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                        is_single_line = false;
                    }

                    const close_bracket_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_bracket);
                    p.allow_in = old_allow_in;

                    // Is this a binding pattern?
                    if (p.willNeedBindingPattern()) {
                        // noop
                    } else if (errors == null) {
                        // Is this an expression?
                        p.logExprErrors(&self_errors);
                    } else {
                        // In this case, we can't distinguish between the two yet
                        self_errors.mergeInto(errors.?);
                    }
                    return p.newExpr(E.Array{
                        .items = ExprNodeList.fromList(items),
                        .comma_after_spread = comma_after_spread.toNullable(),
                        .is_single_line = is_single_line,
                        .close_bracket_loc = close_bracket_loc,
                    }, loc);
                },
                .t_open_brace => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    var is_single_line = !p.lexer.has_newline_before;
                    var properties = ListManaged(G.Property).init(p.allocator);
                    var self_errors = DeferredErrors{};
                    var comma_after_spread: logger.Loc = logger.Loc{};

                    // Allow "in" inside object literals
                    const old_allow_in = p.allow_in;
                    p.allow_in = true;

                    while (p.lexer.token != .t_close_brace) {
                        if (p.lexer.token == .t_dot_dot_dot) {
                            try p.lexer.next();
                            properties.append(G.Property{ .kind = .spread, .value = try p.parseExpr(.comma) }) catch unreachable;

                            // Commas are not allowed here when destructuring
                            if (p.lexer.token == .t_comma) {
                                comma_after_spread = p.lexer.loc();
                            }
                        } else {
                            // This property may turn out to be a type in TypeScript, which should be ignored
                            var propertyOpts = PropertyOpts{};
                            if (try p.parseProperty(.normal, &propertyOpts, &self_errors)) |prop| {
                                if (comptime Environment.allow_assert) {
                                    assert(prop.key != null or prop.value != null);
                                }
                                properties.append(prop) catch unreachable;
                            }
                        }

                        if (p.lexer.token != .t_comma) {
                            break;
                        }

                        if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                            is_single_line = false;
                        }

                        try p.lexer.next();

                        if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                            is_single_line = false;
                        }
                    }

                    if (p.lexer.has_newline_before) {
                        is_single_line = false;
                    }

                    const close_brace_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                    try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_brace);
                    p.allow_in = old_allow_in;

                    if (p.willNeedBindingPattern()) {
                        // Is this a binding pattern?
                    } else if (errors == null) {
                        // Is this an expression?
                        p.logExprErrors(&self_errors);
                    } else {
                        // In this case, we can't distinguish between the two yet
                        self_errors.mergeInto(errors.?);
                    }

                    return p.newExpr(E.Object{
                        .properties = G.Property.List.fromList(properties),
                        .comma_after_spread = if (comma_after_spread.start > 0)
                            comma_after_spread
                        else
                            null,
                        .is_single_line = is_single_line,
                        .close_brace_loc = close_brace_loc,
                    }, loc);
                },
                .t_less_than => {
                    // This is a very complicated and highly ambiguous area of TypeScript
                    // syntax. Many similar-looking things are overloaded.
                    //
                    // TS:
                    //
                    //   A type cast:
                    //     <A>(x)
                    //     <[]>(x)
                    //     <A[]>(x)
                    //
                    //   An arrow function with type parameters:
                    //     <A>(x) => {}
                    //     <A, B>(x) => {}
                    //     <A = B>(x) => {}
                    //     <A extends B>(x) => {}
                    //
                    // TSX:
                    //
                    //   A JSX element:
                    //     <A>(x) => {}</A>
                    //     <A extends>(x) => {}</A>
                    //     <A extends={false}>(x) => {}</A>
                    //
                    //   An arrow function with type parameters:
                    //     <A, B>(x) => {}
                    //     <A extends B>(x) => {}
                    //
                    //   A syntax error:
                    //     <[]>(x)
                    //     <A[]>(x)
                    //     <A>(x) => {}
                    //     <A = B>(x) => {}
                    if (comptime is_typescript_enabled and is_jsx_enabled) {
                        if (try TypeScript.isTSArrowFnJSX(p)) {
                            _ = try p.skipTypeScriptTypeParameters(TypeParameterFlag{
                                .allow_const_modifier = true,
                            });
                            try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_paren);
                            return try p.parseParenExpr(loc, level, ParenExprOpts{ .force_arrow_fn = true });
                        }
                    }

                    if (is_jsx_enabled) {
                        // Use NextInsideJSXElement() instead of Next() so we parse "<<" as "<"
                        try p.lexer.nextInsideJSXElement();
                        const element = try p.parseJSXElement(loc);

                        // The call to parseJSXElement() above doesn't consume the last
                        // TGreaterThan because the caller knows what Next() function to call.
                        // Use Next() instead of NextInsideJSXElement() here since the next
                        // token is an expression.
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        return element;
                    }

                    if (is_typescript_enabled) {
                        // This is either an old-style type cast or a generic lambda function

                        // "<T>(x)"
                        // "<T>(x) => {}"
                        switch (p.trySkipTypeScriptTypeParametersThenOpenParenWithBacktracking()) {
                            .did_not_skip_anything => {},
                            else => |result| {
                                try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_paren);
                                return p.parseParenExpr(loc, level, ParenExprOpts{
                                    .force_arrow_fn = result == .definitely_type_parameters,
                                });
                            },
                        }

                        // "<T>x"
                        try p.lexer.next();
                        try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                        try p.lexer.expectGreaterThan(false);
                        return p.parsePrefix(level, errors, flags);
                    }

                    try p.lexer.unexpected();
                    return error.SyntaxError;
                },
                .t_import => {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    return p.parseImportExpr(loc, level);
                },
                else => {
                    try p.lexer.unexpected();
                    return error.SyntaxError;
                },
            }
            return error.SyntaxError;
        }

        fn jsxStringsToMemberExpression(p: *P, loc: logger.Loc, parts: []const []const u8) !Expr {
            const result = try p.findSymbol(loc, parts[0]);

            const value = p.handleIdentifier(
                loc,
                E.Identifier{
                    .ref = result.ref,
                    .must_keep_due_to_with_stmt = result.is_inside_with_scope,
                    .can_be_removed_if_unused = true,
                },
                parts[0],
                .{
                    .was_originally_identifier = true,
                },
            );
            if (parts.len > 1) {
                return p.memberExpression(loc, value, parts[1..]);
            }

            return value;
        }

        fn memberExpression(p: *P, loc: logger.Loc, initial_value: Expr, parts: []const []const u8) Expr {
            var value = initial_value;

            for (parts) |part| {
                if (p.maybeRewritePropertyAccess(
                    loc,
                    value,
                    part,
                    loc,
                    .{
                        .is_call_target = false,
                        .assign_target = .none,
                        // .is_template_tag = false,
                        .is_delete_target = false,
                    },
                )) |rewrote| {
                    value = rewrote;
                } else {
                    value = p.newExpr(
                        E.Dot{
                            .target = value,
                            .name = part,
                            .name_loc = loc,

                            .can_be_removed_if_unused = p.options.features.dead_code_elimination,
                        },
                        loc,
                    );
                }
            }

            return value;
        }

        // Note: The caller has already parsed the "import" keyword
        fn parseImportExpr(noalias p: *P, loc: logger.Loc, level: Level) anyerror!Expr {
            // Parse an "import.meta" expression
            if (p.lexer.token == .t_dot) {
                p.esm_import_keyword = js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, loc);
                try p.lexer.next();
                if (p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("meta")) {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    p.has_import_meta = true;
                    return p.newExpr(E.ImportMeta{}, loc);
                } else {
                    try p.lexer.expectedString("\"meta\"");
                }
            }

            if (level.gt(.call)) {
                const r = js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, loc);
                p.log.addRangeError(p.source, r, "Cannot use an \"import\" expression here without parentheses") catch unreachable;
            }

            // allow "in" inside call arguments;
            const old_allow_in = p.allow_in;
            p.allow_in = true;

            p.lexer.preserve_all_comments_before = true;
            try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_paren);

            // const comments = try p.lexer.comments_to_preserve_before.toOwnedSlice();
            p.lexer.comments_to_preserve_before.clearRetainingCapacity();

            p.lexer.preserve_all_comments_before = false;

            const value = try p.parseExpr(.comma);

            var import_options = Expr.empty;
            if (p.lexer.token == .t_comma) {
                // "import('./foo.json', )"
                try p.lexer.next();

                if (p.lexer.token != .t_close_paren) {
                    // "import('./foo.json', { assert: { type: 'json' } })"
                    import_options = try p.parseExpr(.comma);

                    if (p.lexer.token == .t_comma) {
                        // "import('./foo.json', { assert: { type: 'json' } }, )"
                        try p.lexer.next();
                    }
                }
            }

            try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_paren);

            p.allow_in = old_allow_in;

            if (comptime only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit) {
                if (value.data == .e_string and value.data.e_string.isUTF8() and value.data.e_string.isPresent()) {
                    const import_record_index = p.addImportRecord(.dynamic, value.loc, value.data.e_string.slice(p.allocator));

                    return p.newExpr(E.Import{
                        .expr = value,
                        // .leading_interior_comments = comments,
                        .import_record_index = import_record_index,
                        .options = import_options,
                    }, loc);
                }
            }

            // _ = comments; // TODO: leading_interior comments

            return p.newExpr(E.Import{
                .expr = value,
                // .leading_interior_comments = comments,
                .import_record_index = std.math.maxInt(u32),
                .options = import_options,
            }, loc);
        }

        fn parseJSXPropValueIdentifier(noalias p: *P, previous_string_with_backslash_loc: *logger.Loc) !Expr {
            // Use NextInsideJSXElement() not Next() so we can parse a JSX-style string literal
            try p.lexer.nextInsideJSXElement();
            if (p.lexer.token == .t_string_literal) {
                previous_string_with_backslash_loc.start = @max(p.lexer.loc().start, p.lexer.previous_backslash_quote_in_jsx.loc.start);
                const expr = p.newExpr(try p.lexer.toEString(), previous_string_with_backslash_loc.*);

                try p.lexer.nextInsideJSXElement();
                return expr;
            } else {
                // Use Expect() not ExpectInsideJSXElement() so we can parse expression tokens
                try p.lexer.expect(.t_open_brace);
                const value = try p.parseExpr(.lowest);

                try p.lexer.expectInsideJSXElement(.t_close_brace);
                return value;
            }
        }

        fn parseJSXElement(noalias p: *P, loc: logger.Loc) anyerror!Expr {
            if (only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit) {
                p.needs_jsx_import = true;
            }

            const tag = try JSXTag.parse(P, p);

            // The tag may have TypeScript type arguments: "<Foo<T>/>"
            if (is_typescript_enabled) {
                // Pass a flag to the type argument skipper because we need to call
                _ = try p.skipTypeScriptTypeArguments(true);
            }

            var previous_string_with_backslash_loc = logger.Loc{};
            var properties = G.Property.List{};
            var key_prop_i: i32 = -1;
            var flags = Flags.JSXElement.Bitset{};
            var start_tag: ?ExprNodeIndex = null;

            // Fragments don't have props
            // Fragments of the form "React.Fragment" are not parsed as fragments.
            if (@as(JSXTag.TagType, tag.data) == .tag) {
                start_tag = tag.data.tag;

                var spread_loc: logger.Loc = logger.Loc.Empty;
                var props = ListManaged(G.Property).init(p.allocator);
                var first_spread_prop_i: i32 = -1;
                var i: i32 = 0;
                parse_attributes: while (true) {
                    switch (p.lexer.token) {
                        .t_identifier => {
                            defer i += 1;
                            // Parse the prop name
                            const key_range = p.lexer.range();
                            const prop_name_literal = p.lexer.identifier;
                            const special_prop = E.JSXElement.SpecialProp.Map.get(prop_name_literal) orelse E.JSXElement.SpecialProp.any;
                            try p.lexer.nextInsideJSXElement();

                            if (special_prop == .key) {
                                // <ListItem key>
                                if (p.lexer.token != .t_equals) {
                                    // Unlike Babel, we're going to just warn here and move on.
                                    try p.log.addWarning(p.source, key_range.loc, "\"key\" prop ignored. Must be a string, number or symbol.");
                                    continue;
                                }

                                key_prop_i = i;
                            }

                            const prop_name = p.newExpr(E.String{ .data = prop_name_literal }, key_range.loc);

                            // Parse the value
                            var value: Expr = undefined;
                            if (p.lexer.token != .t_equals) {

                                // Implicitly true value
                                // <button selected>
                                value = p.newExpr(E.Boolean{ .value = true }, logger.Loc{ .start = key_range.loc.start + key_range.len });
                            } else {
                                value = try p.parseJSXPropValueIdentifier(&previous_string_with_backslash_loc);
                            }

                            try props.append(G.Property{ .key = prop_name, .value = value });
                        },
                        .t_open_brace => {
                            defer i += 1;
                            // Use Next() not ExpectInsideJSXElement() so we can parse "..."
                            try p.lexer.next();

                            switch (p.lexer.token) {
                                .t_dot_dot_dot => {
                                    try p.lexer.next();

                                    if (first_spread_prop_i == -1) first_spread_prop_i = i;
                                    spread_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                                    try props.append(G.Property{ .value = try p.parseExpr(.comma), .kind = .spread });
                                },
                                // This implements
                                //  <div {foo} />
                                //  ->
                                //  <div foo={foo} />
                                T.t_identifier => {
                                    // we need to figure out what the key they mean is
                                    // to do that, we must determine the key name
                                    const expr = try p.parseExpr(Level.lowest);

                                    const key = brk: {
                                        switch (expr.data) {
                                            .e_import_identifier => |ident| {
                                                break :brk p.newExpr(E.String{ .data = p.loadNameFromRef(ident.ref) }, expr.loc);
                                            },
                                            .e_commonjs_export_identifier => |ident| {
                                                break :brk p.newExpr(E.String{ .data = p.loadNameFromRef(ident.ref) }, expr.loc);
                                            },
                                            .e_identifier => |ident| {
                                                break :brk p.newExpr(E.String{ .data = p.loadNameFromRef(ident.ref) }, expr.loc);
                                            },
                                            .e_dot => |dot| {
                                                break :brk p.newExpr(E.String{ .data = dot.name }, dot.name_loc);
                                            },
                                            .e_index => |index| {
                                                if (index.index.data == .e_string) {
                                                    break :brk index.index;
                                                }
                                            },
                                            else => {},
                                        }

                                        // If we get here, it's invalid
                                        try p.log.addError(p.source, expr.loc, "Invalid JSX prop shorthand, must be identifier, dot or string");
                                        return error.SyntaxError;
                                    };

                                    try props.append(G.Property{ .value = expr, .key = key, .kind = .normal });
                                },
                                // This implements
                                //  <div {"foo"} />
                                //  <div {'foo'} />
                                //  ->
                                //  <div foo="foo" />
                                // note: template literals are not supported, operations on strings are not supported either
                                T.t_string_literal => {
                                    const key = p.newExpr(try p.lexer.toEString(), p.lexer.loc());
                                    try p.lexer.next();
                                    try props.append(G.Property{ .value = key, .key = key, .kind = .normal });
                                },

                                else => try p.lexer.unexpected(),
                            }

                            try p.lexer.nextInsideJSXElement();
                        },
                        else => {
                            break :parse_attributes;
                        },
                    }
                }

                const is_key_after_spread = key_prop_i > -1 and first_spread_prop_i > -1 and key_prop_i > first_spread_prop_i;
                flags.setPresent(.is_key_after_spread, is_key_after_spread);
                properties = G.Property.List.fromList(props);
                if (is_key_after_spread and p.options.jsx.runtime == .automatic and !p.has_classic_runtime_warned) {
                    try p.log.addWarning(p.source, spread_loc, "\"key\" prop after a {...spread} is deprecated in JSX. Falling back to classic runtime.");
                    p.has_classic_runtime_warned = true;
                }
            }

            // People sometimes try to use the output of "JSON.stringify()" as a JSX
            // attribute when automatically-generating JSX code. Doing so is incorrect
            // because JSX strings work like XML instead of like JS (since JSX is XML-in-
            // JS). Specifically, using a backslash before a quote does not cause it to
            // be escaped:
            //
            //   JSX ends the "content" attribute here and sets "content" to 'some so-called \\'
            //                                          v
            //         <Button content="some so-called \"button text\"" />
            //                                                      ^
            //       There is no "=" after the JSX attribute "text", so we expect a ">"
            //
            // This code special-cases this error to provide a less obscure error message.
            if (p.lexer.token == .t_syntax_error and strings.eqlComptime(p.lexer.raw(), "\\") and previous_string_with_backslash_loc.start > 0) {
                const r = p.lexer.range();
                // Not dealing with this right now.
                try p.log.addRangeError(p.source, r, "Invalid JSX escape - use XML entity codes quotes or pass a JavaScript string instead");
                return error.SyntaxError;
            }

            // A slash here is a self-closing element
            if (p.lexer.token == .t_slash) {
                const close_tag_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                // Use NextInsideJSXElement() not Next() so we can parse ">>" as ">"

                try p.lexer.nextInsideJSXElement();

                if (p.lexer.token != .t_greater_than) {
                    try p.lexer.expected(.t_greater_than);
                }

                return p.newExpr(E.JSXElement{
                    .tag = start_tag,
                    .properties = properties,
                    .key_prop_index = key_prop_i,
                    .flags = flags,
                    .close_tag_loc = close_tag_loc,
                }, loc);
            }

            // Use ExpectJSXElementChild() so we parse child strings
            try p.lexer.expectJSXElementChild(.t_greater_than);
            var children = ListManaged(Expr).init(p.allocator);
            // var last_element_i: usize = 0;

            while (true) {
                switch (p.lexer.token) {
                    .t_string_literal => {
                        try children.append(p.newExpr(try p.lexer.toEString(), loc));
                        try p.lexer.nextJSXElementChild();
                    },
                    .t_open_brace => {
                        // Use Next() instead of NextJSXElementChild() here since the next token is an expression
                        try p.lexer.next();

                        const is_spread = p.lexer.token == .t_dot_dot_dot;
                        if (is_spread) {
                            try p.lexer.next();
                        }

                        // The expression is optional, and may be absent
                        if (p.lexer.token != .t_close_brace) {
                            var item = try p.parseExpr(.lowest);
                            if (is_spread) {
                                item = p.newExpr(E.Spread{ .value = item }, loc);
                            }
                            try children.append(item);
                        }

                        // Use ExpectJSXElementChild() so we parse child strings
                        try p.lexer.expectJSXElementChild(.t_close_brace);
                    },
                    .t_less_than => {
                        const less_than_loc = p.lexer.loc();
                        try p.lexer.nextInsideJSXElement();

                        if (p.lexer.token != .t_slash) {
                            // This is a child element

                            children.append(try p.parseJSXElement(less_than_loc)) catch unreachable;

                            // The call to parseJSXElement() above doesn't consume the last
                            // TGreaterThan because the caller knows what Next() function to call.
                            // Use NextJSXElementChild() here since the next token is an element
                            // child.
                            try p.lexer.nextJSXElementChild();
                            continue;
                        }

                        // This is the closing element
                        try p.lexer.nextInsideJSXElement();
                        const end_tag = try JSXTag.parse(P, p);

                        if (!strings.eql(end_tag.name, tag.name)) {
                            try p.log.addRangeErrorFmtWithNote(
                                p.source,
                                end_tag.range,
                                p.allocator,
                                "Expected closing JSX tag to match opening tag \"\\<{s}\\>\"",
                                .{tag.name},
                                "Opening tag here:",
                                .{},
                                tag.range,
                            );
                            return error.SyntaxError;
                        }

                        if (p.lexer.token != .t_greater_than) {
                            try p.lexer.expected(.t_greater_than);
                        }

                        return p.newExpr(E.JSXElement{
                            .tag = end_tag.data.asExpr(),
                            .children = ExprNodeList.fromList(children),
                            .properties = properties,
                            .key_prop_index = key_prop_i,
                            .flags = flags,
                            .close_tag_loc = end_tag.range.loc,
                        }, loc);
                    },
                    else => {
                        try p.lexer.unexpected();
                        return error.SyntaxError;
                    },
                }
            }
        }

        fn willNeedBindingPattern(noalias p: *const P) bool {
            return switch (p.lexer.token) {
                // "[a] = b;"
                .t_equals => true,
                // "for ([a] in b) {}"
                .t_in => !p.allow_in,
                // "for ([a] of b) {}"
                .t_identifier => !p.allow_in and p.lexer.isContextualKeyword("of"),
                else => false,
            };
        }

        fn appendPart(noalias p: *P, parts: *ListManaged(js_ast.Part), stmts: []Stmt) anyerror!void {
            // Reuse the memory if possible
            // This is reusable if the last part turned out to be dead
            p.symbol_uses.clearRetainingCapacity();
            p.declared_symbols.clearRetainingCapacity();
            p.scopes_for_current_part.clearRetainingCapacity();
            p.import_records_for_current_part.clearRetainingCapacity();
            p.import_symbol_property_uses.clearRetainingCapacity();

            p.had_commonjs_named_exports_this_visit = false;

            const allocator = p.allocator;
            var opts = PrependTempRefsOpts{};
            var partStmts = ListManaged(Stmt).fromOwnedSlice(allocator, stmts);

            try p.visitStmtsAndPrependTempRefs(&partStmts, &opts);

            // Insert any relocated variable statements now
            if (p.relocated_top_level_vars.items.len > 0) {
                var already_declared = RefMap{};
                var already_declared_allocator_stack = std.heap.stackFallback(1024, allocator);
                const already_declared_allocator = already_declared_allocator_stack.get();
                defer if (already_declared_allocator_stack.fixed_buffer_allocator.end_index >= 1023) already_declared.deinit(already_declared_allocator);

                for (p.relocated_top_level_vars.items) |*local| {
                    // Follow links because "var" declarations may be merged due to hoisting
                    while (local.ref != null) {
                        var symbol = &p.symbols.items[local.ref.?.innerIndex()];
                        if (!symbol.hasLink()) {
                            break;
                        }
                        local.ref = symbol.link;
                    }
                    const ref = local.ref orelse continue;
                    const declaration_entry = try already_declared.getOrPut(already_declared_allocator, ref);
                    if (!declaration_entry.found_existing) {
                        const decls = try allocator.alloc(G.Decl, 1);
                        decls[0] = Decl{
                            .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = ref }, local.loc),
                        };
                        try partStmts.append(p.s(S.Local{ .decls = G.Decl.List.init(decls) }, local.loc));
                        try p.declared_symbols.append(p.allocator, .{ .ref = ref, .is_top_level = true });
                    }
                }
                p.relocated_top_level_vars.clearRetainingCapacity();
            }

            if (partStmts.items.len > 0) {
                const final_stmts = partStmts.items;

                try parts.append(js_ast.Part{
                    .stmts = final_stmts,
                    .symbol_uses = p.symbol_uses,
                    .import_symbol_property_uses = p.import_symbol_property_uses,
                    .declared_symbols = p.declared_symbols.toOwnedSlice(),
                    .import_record_indices = bun.BabyList(u32).init(
                        p.import_records_for_current_part.toOwnedSlice(
                            p.allocator,
                        ) catch unreachable,
                    ),
                    .scopes = try p.scopes_for_current_part.toOwnedSlice(p.allocator),
                    .can_be_removed_if_unused = p.stmtsCanBeRemovedIfUnused(final_stmts),
                    .tag = if (p.had_commonjs_named_exports_this_visit) js_ast.Part.Tag.commonjs_named_export else .none,
                });
                p.symbol_uses = .{};
                p.import_symbol_property_uses = .{};
                p.had_commonjs_named_exports_this_visit = false;
            } else if (p.declared_symbols.len() > 0 or p.symbol_uses.count() > 0) {
                // if the part is dead, invalidate all the usage counts
                p.clearSymbolUsagesFromDeadPart(&.{ .stmts = undefined, .declared_symbols = p.declared_symbols, .symbol_uses = p.symbol_uses });
                p.declared_symbols.clearRetainingCapacity();
                p.import_records_for_current_part.clearRetainingCapacity();
            }
        }

        fn bindingCanBeRemovedIfUnused(p: *P, binding: Binding) bool {
            if (!p.options.features.dead_code_elimination) return false;
            return bindingCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(p, binding);
        }

        fn bindingCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(p: *P, binding: Binding) bool {
            switch (binding.data) {
                .b_array => |bi| {
                    for (bi.items) |*item| {
                        if (!p.bindingCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(item.binding)) {
                            return false;
                        }

                        if (item.default_value) |*default| {
                            if (!p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(default)) {
                                return false;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                .b_object => |bi| {
                    for (bi.properties) |*property| {
                        if (!property.flags.contains(.is_spread) and !p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(&property.key)) {
                            return false;
                        }

                        if (!p.bindingCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(property.value)) {
                            return false;
                        }

                        if (property.default_value) |*default| {
                            if (!p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(default)) {
                                return false;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                else => {},
            }

            return true;
        }

        fn stmtsCanBeRemovedIfUnused(p: *P, stmts: []Stmt) bool {
            if (!p.options.features.dead_code_elimination) return false;
            return stmtsCanBeRemovedifUnusedWithoutDCECheck(p, stmts);
        }

        fn stmtsCanBeRemovedifUnusedWithoutDCECheck(p: *P, stmts: []Stmt) bool {
            for (stmts) |stmt| {
                switch (stmt.data) {
                    // These never have side effects
                    .s_function, .s_empty => {},

                    // Let these be removed if they are unused. Note that we also need to
                    // check if the imported file is marked as "sideEffects: false" before we
                    // can remove a SImport statement. Otherwise the import must be kept for
                    // its side effects.
                    .s_import => {},

                    .s_class => |st| {
                        if (!p.classCanBeRemovedIfUnused(&st.class)) {
                            return false;
                        }
                    },

                    .s_expr => |st| {
                        if (st.does_not_affect_tree_shaking) {
                            // Expressions marked with this are automatically generated and have
                            // no side effects by construction.
                            continue;
                        }

                        if (!p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(&st.value)) {
                            return false;
                        }
                    },

                    .s_local => |st| {
                        // "await" is a side effect because it affects code timing
                        if (st.kind == .k_await_using) return false;

                        for (st.decls.slice()) |*decl| {
                            if (!p.bindingCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(decl.binding)) {
                                return false;
                            }

                            if (decl.value) |*decl_value| {
                                if (!p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(decl_value)) {
                                    return false;
                                } else if (st.kind == .k_using) {
                                    // "using" declarations are only side-effect free if they are initialized to null or undefined
                                    if (decl_value.data != .e_null and decl_value.data != .e_undefined) {
                                        return false;
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    },

                    .s_try => |try_| {
                        if (!p.stmtsCanBeRemovedifUnusedWithoutDCECheck(try_.body) or (try_.finally != null and !p.stmtsCanBeRemovedifUnusedWithoutDCECheck(try_.finally.?.stmts))) {
                            return false;
                        }
                    },

                    // Exports are tracked separately, so this isn't necessary
                    .s_export_clause, .s_export_from => {},

                    .s_export_default => |st| {
                        switch (st.value) {
                            .stmt => |s2| {
                                switch (s2.data) {
                                    .s_expr => |s_expr| {
                                        if (!p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(&s_expr.value)) {
                                            return false;
                                        }
                                    },

                                    // These never have side effects
                                    .s_function => {},

                                    .s_class => {
                                        if (!p.classCanBeRemovedIfUnused(&s2.data.s_class.class)) {
                                            return false;
                                        }
                                    },
                                    else => {
                                        Output.panic("Unexpected type in export default: {any}", .{s2});
                                    },
                                }
                            },
                            .expr => |*exp| {
                                if (!p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(exp)) {
                                    return false;
                                }
                            },
                        }
                    },

                    else => {
                        // Assume that all statements not explicitly special-cased here have side
                        // effects, and cannot be removed even if unused
                        return false;
                    },
                }
            }

            return true;
        }

        fn visitStmtsAndPrependTempRefs(p: *P, stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), opts: *PrependTempRefsOpts) anyerror!void {
            if (only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit) {
                @compileError("only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit must not run this.");
            }

            p.temp_refs_to_declare.deinit(p.allocator);
            p.temp_refs_to_declare = @TypeOf(p.temp_refs_to_declare){};
            p.temp_ref_count = 0;

            try p.visitStmts(stmts, opts.kind);

            // Prepend values for "this" and "arguments"
            if (opts.fn_body_loc) |fn_body_loc| {
                // Capture "this"
                if (p.fn_only_data_visit.this_capture_ref) |ref| {
                    try p.temp_refs_to_declare.append(p.allocator, TempRef{
                        .ref = ref,
                        .value = p.newExpr(E.This{}, fn_body_loc),
                    });
                }
            }
        }

        fn recordDeclaredSymbol(noalias p: *P, ref: Ref) anyerror!void {
            bun.assert(ref.isSymbol());
            try p.declared_symbols.append(p.allocator, DeclaredSymbol{
                .ref = ref,
                .is_top_level = p.current_scope == p.module_scope,
            });
        }

        // public for JSNode.JSXWriter usage
        pub inline fn visitExpr(noalias p: *P, expr: Expr) Expr {
            if (only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit) {
                @compileError("only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit must not run this.");
            }

            // hopefully this gets tailed
            return p.visitExprInOut(expr, .{});
        }

        fn visitFunc(p: *P, _func: G.Fn, open_parens_loc: logger.Loc) G.Fn {
            if (only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit) {
                @compileError("only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit must not run this.");
            }

            var func = _func;
            const old_fn_or_arrow_data = p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit;
            const old_fn_only_data = p.fn_only_data_visit;
            p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit = FnOrArrowDataVisit{ .is_async = func.flags.contains(.is_async) };
            p.fn_only_data_visit = FnOnlyDataVisit{ .is_this_nested = true, .arguments_ref = func.arguments_ref };

            if (func.name) |name| {
                if (name.ref) |name_ref| {
                    p.recordDeclaredSymbol(name_ref) catch unreachable;
                    const symbol_name = p.loadNameFromRef(name_ref);
                    if (isEvalOrArguments(symbol_name)) {
                        p.markStrictModeFeature(.eval_or_arguments, js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, name.loc), symbol_name) catch unreachable;
                    }
                }
            }

            const body = func.body;

            p.pushScopeForVisitPass(.function_args, open_parens_loc) catch unreachable;
            p.visitArgs(
                func.args,
                VisitArgsOpts{
                    .has_rest_arg = func.flags.contains(.has_rest_arg),
                    .body = body.stmts,
                    .is_unique_formal_parameters = true,
                },
            );

            p.pushScopeForVisitPass(.function_body, body.loc) catch unreachable;
            var stmts = ListManaged(Stmt).fromOwnedSlice(p.allocator, body.stmts);
            var temp_opts = PrependTempRefsOpts{ .kind = StmtsKind.fn_body, .fn_body_loc = body.loc };
            p.visitStmtsAndPrependTempRefs(&stmts, &temp_opts) catch unreachable;

            if (p.options.features.react_fast_refresh) {
                const hook_storage = p.react_refresh.hook_ctx_storage orelse
                    unreachable; // caller did not init hook storage. any function can have react hooks!

                if (hook_storage.*) |*hook| {
                    p.handleReactRefreshPostVisitFunctionBody(&stmts, hook);
                }
            }

            func.body = G.FnBody{ .stmts = stmts.items, .loc = body.loc };

            p.popScope();
            p.popScope();

            p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit = old_fn_or_arrow_data;
            p.fn_only_data_visit = old_fn_only_data;

            return func;
        }

        fn deoptimizeCommonJSNamedExports(p: *P) void {
            // exists for debugging
            p.commonjs_named_exports_deoptimized = true;
        }

        fn maybeKeepExprSymbolName(p: *P, expr: Expr, original_name: string, was_anonymous_named_expr: bool) Expr {
            return if (was_anonymous_named_expr) p.keepExprSymbolName(expr, original_name) else expr;
        }

        fn valueForThis(p: *P, loc: logger.Loc) ?Expr {
            // Substitute "this" if we're inside a static class property initializer
            if (p.fn_only_data_visit.should_replace_this_with_class_name_ref) {
                if (p.fn_only_data_visit.class_name_ref) |ref| {
                    p.recordUsage(ref.*);
                    return p.newExpr(E.Identifier{ .ref = ref.* }, loc);
                }
            }

            // oroigianlly was !=- modepassthrough
            if (!p.fn_only_data_visit.is_this_nested) {
                if (p.has_es_module_syntax and p.commonjs_named_exports.count() == 0) {
                    // In an ES6 module, "this" is supposed to be undefined. Instead of
                    // doing this at runtime using "fn.call(undefined)", we do it at
                    // compile time using expression substitution here.
                    return Expr{ .loc = loc, .data = nullValueExpr };
                } else {
                    // In a CommonJS module, "this" is supposed to be the same as "exports".
                    // Instead of doing this at runtime using "fn.call(module.exports)", we
                    // do it at compile time using expression substitution here.
                    p.recordUsage(p.exports_ref);
                    p.deoptimizeCommonJSNamedExports();
                    return p.newExpr(E.Identifier{ .ref = p.exports_ref }, loc);
                }
            }

            return null;
        }

        fn isValidAssignmentTarget(p: *P, expr: Expr) bool {
            return switch (expr.data) {
                .e_identifier => |ident| !isEvalOrArguments(p.loadNameFromRef(ident.ref)),
                .e_dot => |e| e.optional_chain == null,
                .e_index => |e| e.optional_chain == null,
                .e_array => |e| !e.is_parenthesized,
                .e_object => |e| !e.is_parenthesized,
                else => false,
            };
        }

        fn visitExprInOut(p: *P, expr: Expr, in: ExprIn) Expr {
            if (in.assign_target != .none and !p.isValidAssignmentTarget(expr)) {
                p.log.addError(p.source, expr.loc, "Invalid assignment target") catch unreachable;
            }

            // Output.print("\nVisit: {s} - {d}\n", .{ @tagName(expr.data), expr.loc.start });
            switch (expr.data) {
                .e_null, .e_super, .e_boolean, .e_big_int, .e_reg_exp, .e_undefined => {},

                .e_new_target => |_| {
                    // this error is not necessary and it is causing breakages
                    // if (!p.fn_only_data_visit.is_new_target_allowed) {
                    //     p.log.addRangeError(p.source, target.range, "Cannot use \"new.target\" here") catch unreachable;
                    // }
                },
                .e_string => {

                    // If you're using this, you're probably not using 0-prefixed legacy octal notation
                    // if e.LegacyOctalLoc.Start > 0 {
                },
                .e_number => {

                    // idc about legacy octal loc
                },
                .e_this => {
                    if (p.valueForThis(expr.loc)) |exp| {
                        return exp;
                    }

                    //                 // Capture "this" inside arrow functions that will be lowered into normal
                    // // function expressions for older language environments
                    // if p.fnOrArrowDataVisit.isArrow && p.options.unsupportedJSFeatures.Has(compat.Arrow) && p.fnOnlyDataVisit.isThisNested {
                    //     return js_ast.Expr{Loc: expr.Loc, Data: &js_ast.EIdentifier{Ref: p.captureThis()}}, exprOut{}
                    // }
                },
                .e_import_meta => {
                    // TODO: delete import.meta might not work
                    const is_delete_target = std.meta.activeTag(p.delete_target) == .e_import_meta;

                    if (p.define.dots.get("meta")) |meta| {
                        for (meta) |define| {
                            // TODO: clean up how we do define matches
                            if (p.isDotDefineMatch(expr, define.parts)) {
                                // Substitute user-specified defines
                                return p.valueForDefine(expr.loc, in.assign_target, is_delete_target, &define.data);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                .e_spread => |exp| {
                    exp.value = p.visitExpr(exp.value);
                },
                .e_identifier => {
                    var e_ = expr.data.e_identifier;
                    const is_delete_target = @as(Expr.Tag, p.delete_target) == .e_identifier and e_.ref.eql(p.delete_target.e_identifier.ref);

                    const name = p.loadNameFromRef(e_.ref);
                    if (p.isStrictMode() and js_lexer.StrictModeReservedWords.has(name)) {
                        p.markStrictModeFeature(.reserved_word, js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, expr.loc), name) catch unreachable;
                    }

                    const result = p.findSymbol(expr.loc, name) catch unreachable;

                    e_.must_keep_due_to_with_stmt = result.is_inside_with_scope;
                    e_.ref = result.ref;

                    // Handle assigning to a constant
                    if (in.assign_target != .none) {
                        if (p.symbols.items[result.ref.innerIndex()].kind == .constant) { // TODO: silence this for runtime transpiler
                            const r = js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, expr.loc);
                            var notes = p.allocator.alloc(logger.Data, 1) catch unreachable;
                            notes[0] = logger.Data{
                                .text = std.fmt.allocPrint(p.allocator, "The symbol \"{s}\" was declared a constant here:", .{name}) catch unreachable,
                                .location = logger.Location.initOrNull(p.source, js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, result.declare_loc.?)),
                            };

                            const is_error = p.const_values.contains(result.ref) or p.options.bundle;
                            switch (is_error) {
                                true => p.log.addRangeErrorFmtWithNotes(
                                    p.source,
                                    r,
                                    p.allocator,
                                    notes,
                                    "Cannot assign to \"{s}\" because it is a constant",
                                    .{name},
                                ) catch unreachable,

                                false => p.log.addRangeErrorFmtWithNotes(
                                    p.source,
                                    r,
                                    p.allocator,
                                    notes,
                                    "This assignment will throw because \"{s}\" is a constant",
                                    .{name},
                                ) catch unreachable,
                            }
                        } else if (p.exports_ref.eql(e_.ref)) {
                            // Assigning to `exports` in a CommonJS module must be tracked to undo the
                            // `module.exports` -> `exports` optimization.
                            p.commonjs_module_exports_assigned_deoptimized = true;
                        }

                        p.symbols.items[result.ref.innerIndex()].has_been_assigned_to = true;
                    }

                    var original_name: ?string = null;

                    // Substitute user-specified defines for unbound symbols
                    if (p.symbols.items[e_.ref.innerIndex()].kind == .unbound and !result.is_inside_with_scope and !is_delete_target) {
                        if (p.define.forIdentifier(name)) |def| {
                            if (!def.valueless) {
                                const newvalue = p.valueForDefine(expr.loc, in.assign_target, is_delete_target, &def);

                                // Don't substitute an identifier for a non-identifier if this is an
                                // assignment target, since it'll cause a syntax error
                                if (@as(Expr.Tag, newvalue.data) == .e_identifier or in.assign_target == .none) {
                                    p.ignoreUsage(e_.ref);
                                    return newvalue;
                                }

                                original_name = def.original_name;
                            }

                            // Copy the side effect flags over in case this expression is unused
                            if (def.can_be_removed_if_unused) {
                                e_.can_be_removed_if_unused = true;
                            }
                            if (def.call_can_be_unwrapped_if_unused and !p.options.ignore_dce_annotations) {
                                e_.call_can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = true;
                            }

                            // If the user passed --drop=console, drop all property accesses to console.
                            if (def.method_call_must_be_replaced_with_undefined and in.property_access_for_method_call_maybe_should_replace_with_undefined and in.assign_target == .none) {
                                p.method_call_must_be_replaced_with_undefined = true;
                            }
                        }

                        // Substitute uncalled "require" for the require target
                        if (p.require_ref.eql(e_.ref) and !p.isSourceRuntime()) {
                            // mark a reference to __require only if this is not about to be used for a call target
                            if (!(p.call_target == .e_identifier and
                                expr.data.e_identifier.ref.eql(p.call_target.e_identifier.ref)) and
                                p.options.features.allow_runtime)
                            {
                                p.recordUsageOfRuntimeRequire();
                            }

                            return p.valueForRequire(expr.loc);
                        }
                    }

                    return p.handleIdentifier(expr.loc, e_, original_name, IdentifierOpts{
                        .assign_target = in.assign_target,
                        .is_delete_target = is_delete_target,
                        .is_call_target = @as(Expr.Tag, p.call_target) == .e_identifier and expr.data.e_identifier.ref.eql(p.call_target.e_identifier.ref),
                        .was_originally_identifier = true,
                    });
                },
                .e_jsx_element => |e_| {
                    switch (comptime jsx_transform_type) {
                        .react => {
                            const tag: Expr = tagger: {
                                if (e_.tag) |_tag| {
                                    break :tagger p.visitExpr(_tag);
                                } else {
                                    if (p.options.jsx.runtime == .classic) {
                                        break :tagger p.jsxStringsToMemberExpression(expr.loc, p.options.jsx.fragment) catch unreachable;
                                    }

                                    break :tagger p.jsxImport(.Fragment, expr.loc);
                                }
                            };

                            const all_props: []G.Property = e_.properties.slice();
                            for (all_props) |*property| {
                                if (property.kind != .spread) {
                                    property.key = p.visitExpr(property.key.?);
                                }

                                if (property.value != null) {
                                    property.value = p.visitExpr(property.value.?);
                                }

                                if (property.initializer != null) {
                                    property.initializer = p.visitExpr(property.initializer.?);
                                }
                            }

                            const runtime = if (p.options.jsx.runtime == .automatic) options.JSX.Runtime.automatic else options.JSX.Runtime.classic;
                            const is_key_after_spread = e_.flags.contains(.is_key_after_spread);
                            const children_count = e_.children.len;

                            // TODO: maybe we should split these into two different AST Nodes
                            // That would reduce the amount of allocations a little
                            if (runtime == .classic or is_key_after_spread) {
                                // Arguments to createElement()
                                const args = p.allocator.alloc(Expr, 2 + children_count) catch unreachable;
                                // There are at least two args:
                                // - name of the tag
                                // - props
                                var i: usize = 2;
                                args[0] = tag;

                                const num_props = e_.properties.len;
                                if (num_props > 0) {
                                    const props = p.allocator.alloc(G.Property, num_props) catch unreachable;
                                    bun.copy(G.Property, props, e_.properties.slice());
                                    args[1] = p.newExpr(E.Object{ .properties = G.Property.List.init(props) }, expr.loc);
                                } else {
                                    args[1] = p.newExpr(E.Null{}, expr.loc);
                                }

                                const children_elements = e_.children.slice()[0..children_count];
                                for (children_elements) |child| {
                                    args[i] = p.visitExpr(child);
                                    i += @as(usize, @intCast(@intFromBool(args[i].data != .e_missing)));
                                }

                                const target = p.jsxStringsToMemberExpression(expr.loc, p.options.jsx.factory) catch unreachable;

                                // Call createElement()
                                return p.newExpr(E.Call{
                                    .target = if (runtime == .classic) target else p.jsxImport(.createElement, expr.loc),
                                    .args = ExprNodeList.init(args[0..i]),
                                    // Enable tree shaking
                                    .can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = !p.options.ignore_dce_annotations,
                                    .close_paren_loc = e_.close_tag_loc,
                                }, expr.loc);
                            }
                            // function jsxDEV(type, config, maybeKey, source, self) {
                            else if (runtime == .automatic) {
                                // --- These must be done in all cases --
                                const allocator = p.allocator;
                                var props: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(G.Property) = e_.properties.list();

                                const maybe_key_value: ?ExprNodeIndex =
                                    if (e_.key_prop_index > -1) props.orderedRemove(@intCast(e_.key_prop_index)).value else null;

                                // arguments needs to be like
                                // {
                                //    ...props,
                                //    children: [el1, el2]
                                // }

                                {
                                    var last_child: u32 = 0;
                                    const children = e_.children.slice()[0..children_count];
                                    for (children) |child| {
                                        e_.children.ptr[last_child] = p.visitExpr(child);
                                        // if tree-shaking removes the element, we must also remove it here.
                                        last_child += @as(u32, @intCast(@intFromBool(e_.children.ptr[last_child].data != .e_missing)));
                                    }
                                    e_.children.len = last_child;
                                }

                                const children_key = Expr{ .data = jsxChildrenKeyData, .loc = expr.loc };

                                // Optimization: if the only non-child prop is a spread object
                                // we can just pass the object as the first argument
                                // this goes as deep as there are spreads
                                // <div {{...{...{...{...foo}}}}} />
                                // ->
                                // <div {{...foo}} />
                                // jsx("div", {...foo})
                                while (props.items.len == 1 and props.items[0].kind == .spread and props.items[0].value.?.data == .e_object) {
                                    props = props.items[0].value.?.data.e_object.properties.list();
                                }

                                // Typescript defines static jsx as children.len > 1 or single spread
                                // https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/blob/d4fbc9b57d9aa7d02faac9b1e9bb7b37c687f6e9/src/compiler/transformers/jsx.ts#L340
                                const is_static_jsx = e_.children.len > 1 or (e_.children.len == 1 and e_.children.ptr[0].data == .e_spread);

                                if (is_static_jsx) {
                                    props.append(allocator, G.Property{
                                        .key = children_key,
                                        .value = p.newExpr(E.Array{
                                            .items = e_.children,
                                            .is_single_line = e_.children.len < 2,
                                        }, e_.close_tag_loc),
                                    }) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                                } else if (e_.children.len == 1) {
                                    props.append(allocator, G.Property{
                                        .key = children_key,
                                        .value = e_.children.ptr[0],
                                    }) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                                }

                                // Either:
                                // jsxDEV(type, arguments, key, isStaticChildren, source, self)
                                // jsx(type, arguments, key)
                                const args = p.allocator.alloc(Expr, if (p.options.jsx.development) @as(usize, 6) else @as(usize, 2) + @as(usize, @intFromBool(maybe_key_value != null))) catch unreachable;
                                args[0] = tag;

                                args[1] = p.newExpr(E.Object{
                                    .properties = G.Property.List.fromList(props),
                                }, expr.loc);

                                if (maybe_key_value) |key| {
                                    args[2] = key;
                                } else if (p.options.jsx.development) {
                                    // if (maybeKey !== undefined)
                                    args[2] = Expr{
                                        .loc = expr.loc,
                                        .data = .{
                                            .e_undefined = E.Undefined{},
                                        },
                                    };
                                }

                                if (p.options.jsx.development) {
                                    // is the return type of the first child an array?
                                    // It's dynamic
                                    // Else, it's static
                                    args[3] = Expr{
                                        .loc = expr.loc,
                                        .data = .{
                                            .e_boolean = .{
                                                .value = is_static_jsx,
                                            },
                                        },
                                    };

                                    args[4] = p.newExpr(E.Undefined{}, expr.loc);
                                    args[5] = Expr{ .data = Prefill.Data.This, .loc = expr.loc };
                                }

                                return p.newExpr(E.Call{
                                    .target = p.jsxImportAutomatic(expr.loc, is_static_jsx),
                                    .args = ExprNodeList.init(args),
                                    // Enable tree shaking
                                    .can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = !p.options.ignore_dce_annotations,
                                    .was_jsx_element = true,
                                    .close_paren_loc = e_.close_tag_loc,
                                }, expr.loc);
                            } else {
                                unreachable;
                            }
                        },
                        else => unreachable,
                    }
                },
                .e_template => |e_| {
                    if (e_.tag) |tag| {
                        e_.tag = p.visitExpr(tag);

                        if (comptime allow_macros) {
                            const ref = switch (e_.tag.?.data) {
                                .e_import_identifier => |ident| ident.ref,
                                .e_dot => |dot| if (dot.target.data == .e_identifier) dot.target.data.e_identifier.ref else null,
                                else => null,
                            };

                            if (ref != null and !p.options.features.is_macro_runtime) {
                                if (p.macro.refs.get(ref.?)) |macro_ref_data| {
                                    p.ignoreUsage(ref.?);
                                    if (p.is_control_flow_dead) {
                                        return p.newExpr(E.Undefined{}, e_.tag.?.loc);
                                    }

                                    // this ordering incase someone wants to use a macro in a node_module conditionally
                                    if (p.options.features.no_macros) {
                                        p.log.addError(p.source, tag.loc, "Macros are disabled") catch unreachable;
                                        return p.newExpr(E.Undefined{}, e_.tag.?.loc);
                                    }

                                    if (p.source.path.isNodeModule()) {
                                        p.log.addError(p.source, expr.loc, "For security reasons, macros cannot be run from node_modules.") catch unreachable;
                                        return p.newExpr(E.Undefined{}, expr.loc);
                                    }

                                    p.macro_call_count += 1;
                                    const name = macro_ref_data.name orelse e_.tag.?.data.e_dot.name;
                                    const record = &p.import_records.items[macro_ref_data.import_record_id];
                                    // We must visit it to convert inline_identifiers and record usage
                                    const macro_result = (p.options.macro_context.call(
                                        record.path.text,
                                        p.source.path.sourceDir(),
                                        p.log,
                                        p.source,
                                        record.range,
                                        expr,
                                        name,
                                    ) catch return expr);

                                    if (macro_result.data != .e_template) {
                                        return p.visitExpr(macro_result);
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    for (e_.parts) |*part| {
                        part.value = p.visitExpr(part.value);
                    }

                    // When mangling, inline string values into the template literal. Note that
                    // it may no longer be a template literal after this point (it may turn into
                    // a plain string literal instead).
                    if (p.should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions or p.options.features.inlining) {
                        return e_.fold(p.allocator, expr.loc);
                    }
                },
                .e_binary => |e_| {

                    // The handling of binary expressions is convoluted because we're using
                    // iteration on the heap instead of recursion on the call stack to avoid
                    // stack overflow for deeply-nested ASTs.
                    var v = BinaryExpressionVisitor{
                        .e = e_,
                        .loc = expr.loc,
                        .in = in,
                        .left_in = ExprIn{},
                    };

                    // Everything uses a single stack to reduce allocation overhead. This stack
                    // should almost always be very small, and almost all visits should reuse
                    // existing memory without allocating anything.
                    const stack_bottom = p.binary_expression_stack.items.len;

                    var current = Expr{ .data = .{ .e_binary = e_ }, .loc = v.loc };

                    // Iterate down into the AST along the left node of the binary operation.
                    // Continue iterating until we encounter something that's not a binary node.

                    while (true) {
                        if (v.checkAndPrepare(p)) |out| {
                            current = out;
                            break;
                        }

                        // Grab the arguments to our nested "visitExprInOut" call for the left
                        // node. We only care about deeply-nested left nodes because most binary
                        // operators in JavaScript are left-associative and the problematic edge
                        // cases we're trying to avoid crashing on have lots of left-associative
                        // binary operators chained together without parentheses (e.g. "1+2+...").
                        const left = v.e.left;
                        const left_in = v.left_in;

                        const left_binary: ?*E.Binary = if (left.data == .e_binary) left.data.e_binary else null;

                        // Stop iterating if iteration doesn't apply to the left node. This checks
                        // the assignment target because "visitExprInOut" has additional behavior
                        // in that case that we don't want to miss (before the top-level "switch"
                        // statement).
                        if (left_binary == null or left_in.assign_target != .none) {
                            v.e.left = p.visitExprInOut(left, left_in);
                            current = v.visitRightAndFinish(p);
                            break;
                        }

                        // Note that we only append to the stack (and therefore allocate memory
                        // on the heap) when there are nested binary expressions. A single binary
                        // expression doesn't add anything to the stack.
                        p.binary_expression_stack.append(v) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                        v = BinaryExpressionVisitor{
                            .e = left_binary.?,
                            .loc = left.loc,
                            .in = left_in,
                            .left_in = .{},
                        };
                    }

                    // Process all binary operations from the deepest-visited node back toward
                    // our original top-level binary operation.
                    while (p.binary_expression_stack.items.len > stack_bottom) {
                        v = p.binary_expression_stack.pop().?;
                        v.e.left = current;
                        current = v.visitRightAndFinish(p);
                    }

                    return current;
                },
                .e_index => |e_| {
                    const is_call_target = p.call_target == .e_index and expr.data.e_index == p.call_target.e_index;
                    const is_delete_target = p.delete_target == .e_index and expr.data.e_index == p.delete_target.e_index;

                    // "a['b']" => "a.b"
                    if (p.options.features.minify_syntax and
                        e_.index.data == .e_string and
                        e_.index.data.e_string.isUTF8() and
                        e_.index.data.e_string.isIdentifier(p.allocator))
                    {
                        const dot = p.newExpr(
                            E.Dot{
                                .name = e_.index.data.e_string.slice(p.allocator),
                                .name_loc = e_.index.loc,
                                .target = e_.target,
                                .optional_chain = e_.optional_chain,
                            },
                            expr.loc,
                        );

                        if (is_call_target) {
                            p.call_target = dot.data;
                        }

                        if (is_delete_target) {
                            p.delete_target = dot.data;
                        }

                        return p.visitExprInOut(dot, in);
                    }

                    const target_visited = p.visitExprInOut(e_.target, ExprIn{
                        .has_chain_parent = e_.optional_chain == .continuation,
                    });
                    e_.target = target_visited;

                    switch (e_.index.data) {
                        .e_private_identifier => |_private| {
                            var private = _private;
                            const name = p.loadNameFromRef(private.ref);
                            const result = p.findSymbol(e_.index.loc, name) catch unreachable;
                            private.ref = result.ref;

                            // Unlike regular identifiers, there are no unbound private identifiers
                            const kind: Symbol.Kind = p.symbols.items[result.ref.innerIndex()].kind;
                            var r: logger.Range = undefined;
                            if (!Symbol.isKindPrivate(kind)) {
                                r = logger.Range{ .loc = e_.index.loc, .len = @as(i32, @intCast(name.len)) };
                                p.log.addRangeErrorFmt(p.source, r, p.allocator, "Private name \"{s}\" must be declared in an enclosing class", .{name}) catch unreachable;
                            } else {
                                if (in.assign_target != .none and (kind == .private_method or kind == .private_static_method)) {
                                    r = logger.Range{ .loc = e_.index.loc, .len = @as(i32, @intCast(name.len)) };
                                    p.log.addRangeWarningFmt(p.source, r, p.allocator, "Writing to read-only method \"{s}\" will throw", .{name}) catch unreachable;
                                } else if (in.assign_target != .none and (kind == .private_get or kind == .private_static_get)) {
                                    r = logger.Range{ .loc = e_.index.loc, .len = @as(i32, @intCast(name.len)) };
                                    p.log.addRangeWarningFmt(p.source, r, p.allocator, "Writing to getter-only property \"{s}\" will throw", .{name}) catch unreachable;
                                } else if (in.assign_target != .replace and (kind == .private_set or kind == .private_static_set)) {
                                    r = logger.Range{ .loc = e_.index.loc, .len = @as(i32, @intCast(name.len)) };
                                    p.log.addRangeWarningFmt(p.source, r, p.allocator, "Reading from setter-only property \"{s}\" will throw", .{name}) catch unreachable;
                                }
                            }

                            e_.index = .{ .data = .{ .e_private_identifier = private }, .loc = e_.index.loc };
                        },
                        else => {
                            const index = p.visitExpr(e_.index);
                            e_.index = index;

                            const unwrapped = e_.index.unwrapInlined();
                            if (unwrapped.data == .e_string and
                                unwrapped.data.e_string.isUTF8())
                            {
                                // "a['b' + '']" => "a.b"
                                // "enum A { B = 'b' }; a[A.B]" => "a.b"
                                if (p.options.features.minify_syntax and
                                    unwrapped.data.e_string.isIdentifier(p.allocator))
                                {
                                    const dot = p.newExpr(
                                        E.Dot{
                                            .name = unwrapped.data.e_string.slice(p.allocator),
                                            .name_loc = unwrapped.loc,
                                            .target = e_.target,
                                            .optional_chain = e_.optional_chain,
                                        },
                                        expr.loc,
                                    );

                                    if (is_call_target) {
                                        p.call_target = dot.data;
                                    }

                                    if (is_delete_target) {
                                        p.delete_target = dot.data;
                                    }

                                    return p.visitExprInOut(dot, in);
                                }

                                // Handle property rewrites to ensure things
                                // like .e_import_identifier tracking works
                                // Reminder that this can only be done after
                                // `target` is visited.
                                if (p.maybeRewritePropertyAccess(
                                    expr.loc,
                                    e_.target,
                                    unwrapped.data.e_string.data,
                                    unwrapped.loc,
                                    .{
                                        .is_call_target = is_call_target,
                                        // .is_template_tag = is_template_tag,
                                        .is_delete_target = is_delete_target,
                                        .assign_target = in.assign_target,
                                    },
                                )) |rewrite| {
                                    return rewrite;
                                }
                            }
                        },
                    }

                    const target = e_.target.unwrapInlined();
                    const index = e_.index.unwrapInlined();

                    if (p.options.features.minify_syntax) {
                        if (index.data.as(.e_number)) |number| {
                            if (number.value >= 0 and
                                number.value < std.math.maxInt(usize) and
                                @mod(number.value, 1) == 0)
                            {
                                // "foo"[2] -> "o"
                                if (target.data.as(.e_string)) |str| {
                                    if (str.isUTF8()) {
                                        const literal = str.slice(p.allocator);
                                        const num: usize = index.data.e_number.toUsize();
                                        if (Environment.allow_assert) {
                                            bun.assert(bun.strings.isAllASCII(literal));
                                        }
                                        if (num < literal.len) {
                                            return p.newExpr(E.String{ .data = literal[num .. num + 1] }, expr.loc);
                                        }
                                    }
                                } else if (target.data.as(.e_array)) |array| {
                                    // [x][0] -> x
                                    if (array.items.len == 1 and number.value == 0) {
                                        const inlined = target.data.e_array.items.at(0).*;
                                        if (inlined.canBeInlinedFromPropertyAccess())
                                            return inlined;
                                    }

                                    // ['a', 'b', 'c'][1] -> 'b'
                                    const int: usize = @intFromFloat(number.value);
                                    if (int < array.items.len and p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnused(&target)) {
                                        const inlined = target.data.e_array.items.at(int).*;
                                        // ['a', , 'c'][1] -> undefined
                                        if (inlined.data == .e_missing) return p.newExpr(E.Undefined{}, inlined.loc);
                                        if (Environment.allow_assert) assert(inlined.canBeInlinedFromPropertyAccess());
                                        return inlined;
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    // Create an error for assigning to an import namespace when bundling. Even
                    // though this is a run-time error, we make it a compile-time error when
                    // bundling because scope hoisting means these will no longer be run-time
                    // errors.
                    if ((in.assign_target != .none or is_delete_target) and
                        @as(Expr.Tag, e_.target.data) == .e_identifier and
                        p.symbols.items[e_.target.data.e_identifier.ref.innerIndex()].kind == .import)
                    {
                        const r = js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, e_.target.loc);
                        p.log.addRangeErrorFmt(
                            p.source,
                            r,
                            p.allocator,
                            "Cannot assign to property on import \"{s}\"",
                            .{p.symbols.items[e_.target.data.e_identifier.ref.innerIndex()].original_name},
                        ) catch unreachable;
                    }

                    return p.newExpr(e_, expr.loc);
                },
                .e_unary => |e_| {
                    switch (e_.op) {
                        .un_typeof => {
                            const id_before = e_.value.data == .e_identifier;
                            e_.value = p.visitExprInOut(e_.value, ExprIn{ .assign_target = e_.op.unaryAssignTarget() });
                            const id_after = e_.value.data == .e_identifier;

                            // The expression "typeof (0, x)" must not become "typeof x" if "x"
                            // is unbound because that could suppress a ReferenceError from "x"
                            if (!id_before and id_after and p.symbols.items[e_.value.data.e_identifier.ref.innerIndex()].kind == .unbound) {
                                e_.value = Expr.joinWithComma(
                                    Expr{ .loc = e_.value.loc, .data = Prefill.Data.Zero },
                                    e_.value,
                                    p.allocator,
                                );
                            }

                            if (e_.value.data == .e_require_call_target) {
                                p.ignoreUsageOfRuntimeRequire();
                                return p.newExpr(E.String{ .data = "function" }, expr.loc);
                            }

                            if (SideEffects.typeof(e_.value.data)) |typeof| {
                                return p.newExpr(E.String{ .data = typeof }, expr.loc);
                            }
                        },
                        .un_delete => {
                            e_.value = p.visitExprInOut(e_.value, ExprIn{ .has_chain_parent = true });
                        },
                        else => {
                            e_.value = p.visitExprInOut(e_.value, ExprIn{ .assign_target = e_.op.unaryAssignTarget() });

                            // Post-process the unary expression
                            switch (e_.op) {
                                .un_not => {
                                    if (p.options.features.minify_syntax)
                                        e_.value = SideEffects.simplifyBoolean(p, e_.value);

                                    const side_effects = SideEffects.toBoolean(p, e_.value.data);
                                    if (side_effects.ok) {
                                        return p.newExpr(E.Boolean{ .value = !side_effects.value }, expr.loc);
                                    }

                                    if (p.options.features.minify_syntax) {
                                        if (e_.value.maybeSimplifyNot(p.allocator)) |exp| {
                                            return exp;
                                        }
                                        if (e_.value.data == .e_import_meta_main) {
                                            e_.value.data.e_import_meta_main.inverted = !e_.value.data.e_import_meta_main.inverted;
                                            return e_.value;
                                        }
                                    }
                                },
                                .un_cpl => {
                                    if (p.should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions) {
                                        if (SideEffects.toNumber(e_.value.data)) |value| {
                                            return p.newExpr(E.Number{
                                                .value = @floatFromInt(~floatToInt32(value)),
                                            }, expr.loc);
                                        }
                                    }
                                },
                                .un_void => {
                                    if (p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnused(&e_.value)) {
                                        return p.newExpr(E.Undefined{}, e_.value.loc);
                                    }
                                },
                                .un_pos => {
                                    if (SideEffects.toNumber(e_.value.data)) |num| {
                                        return p.newExpr(E.Number{ .value = num }, expr.loc);
                                    }
                                },
                                .un_neg => {
                                    if (SideEffects.toNumber(e_.value.data)) |num| {
                                        return p.newExpr(E.Number{ .value = -num }, expr.loc);
                                    }
                                },

                                ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

                                .un_pre_dec => {
                                    // TODO: private fields
                                },
                                .un_pre_inc => {
                                    // TODO: private fields
                                },
                                .un_post_dec => {
                                    // TODO: private fields
                                },
                                .un_post_inc => {
                                    // TODO: private fields
                                },
                                else => {},
                            }

                            if (p.options.features.minify_syntax) {
                                // "-(a, b)" => "a, -b"
                                if (switch (e_.op) {
                                    .un_delete, .un_typeof => false,
                                    else => true,
                                }) {
                                    switch (e_.value.data) {
                                        .e_binary => |comma| {
                                            if (comma.op == .bin_comma) {
                                                return Expr.joinWithComma(
                                                    comma.left,
                                                    p.newExpr(
                                                        E.Unary{
                                                            .op = e_.op,
                                                            .value = comma.right,
                                                        },
                                                        comma.right.loc,
                                                    ),
                                                    p.allocator,
                                                );
                                            }
                                        },
                                        else => {},
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        },
                    }
                },
                .e_dot => |e_| {
                    const is_delete_target = @as(Expr.Tag, p.delete_target) == .e_dot and expr.data.e_dot == p.delete_target.e_dot;
                    const is_call_target = @as(Expr.Tag, p.call_target) == .e_dot and expr.data.e_dot == p.call_target.e_dot;

                    if (p.define.dots.get(e_.name)) |parts| {
                        for (parts) |define| {
                            if (p.isDotDefineMatch(expr, define.parts)) {
                                if (in.assign_target == .none) {
                                    // Substitute user-specified defines
                                    if (!define.data.valueless) {
                                        return p.valueForDefine(expr.loc, in.assign_target, is_delete_target, &define.data);
                                    }

                                    if (define.data.method_call_must_be_replaced_with_undefined and in.property_access_for_method_call_maybe_should_replace_with_undefined) {
                                        p.method_call_must_be_replaced_with_undefined = true;
                                    }
                                }

                                // Copy the side effect flags over in case this expression is unused
                                if (define.data.can_be_removed_if_unused) {
                                    e_.can_be_removed_if_unused = true;
                                }

                                if (define.data.call_can_be_unwrapped_if_unused and !p.options.ignore_dce_annotations) {
                                    e_.call_can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = true;
                                }

                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    // Track ".then().catch()" chains
                    if (is_call_target and @as(Expr.Tag, p.then_catch_chain.next_target) == .e_dot and p.then_catch_chain.next_target.e_dot == expr.data.e_dot) {
                        if (strings.eqlComptime(e_.name, "catch")) {
                            p.then_catch_chain = ThenCatchChain{
                                .next_target = e_.target.data,
                                .has_catch = true,
                            };
                        } else if (strings.eqlComptime(e_.name, "then")) {
                            p.then_catch_chain = ThenCatchChain{
                                .next_target = e_.target.data,
                                .has_catch = p.then_catch_chain.has_catch or p.then_catch_chain.has_multiple_args,
                            };
                        }
                    }

                    e_.target = p.visitExprInOut(e_.target, .{
                        .property_access_for_method_call_maybe_should_replace_with_undefined = in.property_access_for_method_call_maybe_should_replace_with_undefined,
                    });

                    // 'require.resolve' -> .e_require_resolve_call_target
                    if (e_.target.data == .e_require_call_target and
                        strings.eqlComptime(e_.name, "resolve"))
                    {
                        // we do not need to call p.recordUsageOfRuntimeRequire(); because `require`
                        // was not a call target. even if the call target is `require.resolve`, it should be set.
                        return .{
                            .data = .{
                                .e_require_resolve_call_target = {},
                            },
                            .loc = expr.loc,
                        };
                    }

                    if (e_.optional_chain == null) {
                        if (p.maybeRewritePropertyAccess(
                            expr.loc,
                            e_.target,
                            e_.name,
                            e_.name_loc,
                            .{
                                .is_call_target = is_call_target,
                                .assign_target = in.assign_target,
                                .is_delete_target = is_delete_target,
                                // .is_template_tag = p.template_tag != null,
                            },
                        )) |_expr| {
                            return _expr;
                        }

                        if (comptime allow_macros) {
                            if (!p.options.features.is_macro_runtime) {
                                if (p.macro_call_count > 0 and e_.target.data == .e_object and e_.target.data.e_object.was_originally_macro) {
                                    if (e_.target.get(e_.name)) |obj| {
                                        return obj;
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                .e_if => |e_| {
                    const is_call_target = @as(Expr.Data, p.call_target) == .e_if and expr.data.e_if == p.call_target.e_if;

                    e_.test_ = p.visitExpr(e_.test_);

                    e_.test_ = SideEffects.simplifyBoolean(p, e_.test_);

                    const side_effects = SideEffects.toBoolean(p, e_.test_.data);

                    if (!side_effects.ok) {
                        e_.yes = p.visitExpr(e_.yes);
                        e_.no = p.visitExpr(e_.no);
                    } else {
                        // Mark the control flow as dead if the branch is never taken
                        if (side_effects.value) {
                            // "true ? live : dead"
                            e_.yes = p.visitExpr(e_.yes);
                            const old = p.is_control_flow_dead;
                            p.is_control_flow_dead = true;
                            e_.no = p.visitExpr(e_.no);
                            p.is_control_flow_dead = old;

                            if (side_effects.side_effects == .could_have_side_effects) {
                                return Expr.joinWithComma(SideEffects.simplifyUnusedExpr(p, e_.test_) orelse p.newExpr(E.Missing{}, e_.test_.loc), e_.yes, p.allocator);
                            }

                            // "(1 ? fn : 2)()" => "fn()"
                            // "(1 ? this.fn : 2)" => "this.fn"
                            // "(1 ? this.fn : 2)()" => "(0, this.fn)()"
                            if (is_call_target and e_.yes.hasValueForThisInCall()) {
                                return p.newExpr(E.Number{ .value = 0 }, e_.test_.loc).joinWithComma(e_.yes, p.allocator);
                            }

                            return e_.yes;
                        } else {
                            // "false ? dead : live"
                            const old = p.is_control_flow_dead;
                            p.is_control_flow_dead = true;
                            e_.yes = p.visitExpr(e_.yes);
                            p.is_control_flow_dead = old;
                            e_.no = p.visitExpr(e_.no);

                            // "(a, false) ? b : c" => "a, c"
                            if (side_effects.side_effects == .could_have_side_effects) {
                                return Expr.joinWithComma(SideEffects.simplifyUnusedExpr(p, e_.test_) orelse p.newExpr(E.Missing{}, e_.test_.loc), e_.no, p.allocator);
                            }

                            // "(1 ? fn : 2)()" => "fn()"
                            // "(1 ? this.fn : 2)" => "this.fn"
                            // "(1 ? this.fn : 2)()" => "(0, this.fn)()"
                            if (is_call_target and e_.no.hasValueForThisInCall()) {
                                return p.newExpr(E.Number{ .value = 0 }, e_.test_.loc).joinWithComma(e_.no, p.allocator);
                            }
                            return e_.no;
                        }
                    }
                },
                .e_await => |e_| {
                    p.await_target = e_.value.data;
                    e_.value = p.visitExpr(e_.value);
                },
                .e_yield => |e_| {
                    if (e_.value) |val| {
                        e_.value = p.visitExpr(val);
                    }
                },
                .e_array => |e_| {
                    if (in.assign_target != .none) {
                        p.maybeCommaSpreadError(e_.comma_after_spread);
                    }
                    const items = e_.items.slice();
                    var spread_item_count: usize = 0;
                    for (items) |*item| {
                        switch (item.data) {
                            .e_missing => {},
                            .e_spread => |spread| {
                                spread.value = p.visitExprInOut(spread.value, ExprIn{ .assign_target = in.assign_target });

                                spread_item_count += if (spread.value.data == .e_array)
                                    @as(usize, spread.value.data.e_array.items.len)
                                else
                                    0;
                            },
                            .e_binary => |e2| {
                                if (in.assign_target != .none and e2.op == .bin_assign) {
                                    const was_anonymous_named_expr = e2.right.isAnonymousNamed();
                                    e2.left = p.visitExprInOut(e2.left, ExprIn{ .assign_target = .replace });
                                    e2.right = p.visitExpr(e2.right);

                                    if (@as(Expr.Tag, e2.left.data) == .e_identifier) {
                                        e2.right = p.maybeKeepExprSymbolName(
                                            e2.right,
                                            p.symbols.items[e2.left.data.e_identifier.ref.innerIndex()].original_name,
                                            was_anonymous_named_expr,
                                        );
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    item.* = p.visitExprInOut(item.*, ExprIn{ .assign_target = in.assign_target });
                                }
                            },
                            else => {
                                item.* = p.visitExprInOut(item.*, ExprIn{ .assign_target = in.assign_target });
                            },
                        }
                    }

                    // "[1, ...[2, 3], 4]" => "[1, 2, 3, 4]"
                    if (p.options.features.minify_syntax and spread_item_count > 0 and in.assign_target == .none) {
                        e_.items = e_.inlineSpreadOfArrayLiterals(p.allocator, spread_item_count) catch e_.items;
                    }
                },
                .e_object => |e_| {
                    if (in.assign_target != .none) {
                        p.maybeCommaSpreadError(e_.comma_after_spread);
                    }

                    var has_spread = false;
                    var has_proto = false;
                    for (e_.properties.slice()) |*property| {
                        if (property.kind != .spread) {
                            property.key = p.visitExpr(property.key orelse Output.panic("Expected property key", .{}));
                            const key = property.key.?;
                            // Forbid duplicate "__proto__" properties according to the specification
                            if (!property.flags.contains(.is_computed) and
                                !property.flags.contains(.was_shorthand) and
                                !property.flags.contains(.is_method) and
                                in.assign_target == .none and
                                key.data.isStringValue() and
                                strings.eqlComptime(
                                    // __proto__ is utf8, assume it lives in refs
                                    key.data.e_string.slice(p.allocator),
                                    "__proto__",
                                ))
                            {
                                if (has_proto) {
                                    const r = js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, key.loc);
                                    p.log.addRangeError(p.source, r, "Cannot specify the \"__proto__\" property more than once per object") catch unreachable;
                                }
                                has_proto = true;
                            }
                        } else {
                            has_spread = true;
                        }

                        // Extract the initializer for expressions like "({ a: b = c } = d)"
                        if (in.assign_target != .none and property.initializer == null and property.value != null) {
                            switch (property.value.?.data) {
                                .e_binary => |bin| {
                                    if (bin.op == .bin_assign) {
                                        property.initializer = bin.right;
                                        property.value = bin.left;
                                    }
                                },
                                else => {},
                            }
                        }

                        if (property.value != null) {
                            property.value = p.visitExprInOut(property.value.?, ExprIn{ .assign_target = in.assign_target });
                        }

                        if (property.initializer != null) {
                            const was_anonymous_named_expr = property.initializer.?.isAnonymousNamed();
                            property.initializer = p.visitExpr(property.initializer.?);

                            if (property.value) |val| {
                                if (@as(Expr.Tag, val.data) == .e_identifier) {
                                    property.initializer = p.maybeKeepExprSymbolName(
                                        property.initializer orelse unreachable,
                                        p.symbols.items[val.data.e_identifier.ref.innerIndex()].original_name,
                                        was_anonymous_named_expr,
                                    );
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                .e_import => |e_| {
                    // We want to forcefully fold constants inside of imports
                    // even when minification is disabled, so that if we have an
                    // import based on a string template, it does not cause a
                    // bundle error. This is especially relevant for bundling NAPI
                    // modules with 'bun build --compile':
                    //
                    // const binding = await import(`./${process.platform}-${process.arch}.node`);
                    //
                    const prev_should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions = true;
                    defer p.should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions = prev_should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions;
                    p.should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions = true;

                    e_.expr = p.visitExpr(e_.expr);
                    e_.options = p.visitExpr(e_.options);

                    // Import transposition is able to duplicate the options structure, so
                    // only perform it if the expression is side effect free.
                    //
                    // TODO: make this more like esbuild by emitting warnings that explain
                    // why this import was not analyzed. (see esbuild 'unsupported-dynamic-import')
                    if (p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnused(&e_.options)) {
                        const state = TransposeState{
                            .is_await_target = if (p.await_target) |await_target|
                                await_target == .e_import and await_target.e_import == e_
                            else
                                false,

                            .is_then_catch_target = p.then_catch_chain.has_catch and
                                p.then_catch_chain.next_target == .e_import and
                                expr.data.e_import == p.then_catch_chain.next_target.e_import,

                            .import_options = e_.options,

                            .loc = e_.expr.loc,
                            .import_loader = e_.importRecordLoader(),
                        };

                        return p.import_transposer.maybeTransposeIf(e_.expr, &state);
                    }
                },
                .e_call => |e_| {
                    p.call_target = e_.target.data;

                    p.then_catch_chain = ThenCatchChain{
                        .next_target = e_.target.data,
                        .has_multiple_args = e_.args.len >= 2,
                        .has_catch = @as(Expr.Tag, p.then_catch_chain.next_target) == .e_call and p.then_catch_chain.next_target.e_call == expr.data.e_call and p.then_catch_chain.has_catch,
                    };

                    const target_was_identifier_before_visit = e_.target.data == .e_identifier;
                    e_.target = p.visitExprInOut(e_.target, .{
                        .has_chain_parent = e_.optional_chain == .continuation,
                        .property_access_for_method_call_maybe_should_replace_with_undefined = true,
                    });

                    // Copy the call side effect flag over if this is a known target
                    switch (e_.target.data) {
                        .e_identifier => |ident| {
                            e_.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = e_.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused or ident.call_can_be_unwrapped_if_unused;

                            // Detect if this is a direct eval. Note that "(1 ? eval : 0)(x)" will
                            // become "eval(x)" after we visit the target due to dead code elimination,
                            // but that doesn't mean it should become a direct eval.
                            //
                            // Note that "eval?.(x)" is considered an indirect eval. There was debate
                            // about this after everyone implemented it as a direct eval, but the
                            // language committee said it was indirect and everyone had to change it:
                            // https://github.com/tc39/ecma262/issues/2062.
                            if (e_.optional_chain == null and
                                target_was_identifier_before_visit and
                                strings.eqlComptime(
                                    p.symbols.items[e_.target.data.e_identifier.ref.inner_index].original_name,
                                    "eval",
                                ))
                            {
                                e_.is_direct_eval = true;

                                // Pessimistically assume that if this looks like a CommonJS module
                                // (e.g. no "export" keywords), a direct call to "eval" means that
                                // code could potentially access "module" or "exports".
                                if (p.options.bundle and !p.is_file_considered_to_have_esm_exports) {
                                    p.recordUsage(p.module_ref);
                                    p.recordUsage(p.exports_ref);
                                }

                                var scope_iter: ?*js_ast.Scope = p.current_scope;
                                while (scope_iter) |scope| : (scope_iter = scope.parent) {
                                    scope.contains_direct_eval = true;
                                }

                                // TODO: Log a build note for this like esbuild does
                            }
                        },
                        .e_dot => |dot| {
                            e_.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = e_.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused or dot.call_can_be_unwrapped_if_unused;
                        },
                        else => {},
                    }

                    const is_macro_ref: bool = if (comptime allow_macros) brk: {
                        const possible_macro_ref = switch (e_.target.data) {
                            .e_import_identifier => |ident| ident.ref,
                            .e_dot => |dot| if (dot.target.data == .e_identifier)
                                dot.target.data.e_identifier.ref
                            else
                                null,
                            else => null,
                        };

                        break :brk possible_macro_ref != null and p.macro.refs.contains(possible_macro_ref.?);
                    } else false;

                    {
                        const old_ce = p.options.ignore_dce_annotations;
                        defer p.options.ignore_dce_annotations = old_ce;
                        const old_should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions = p.should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions;
                        defer p.should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions = old_should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions;
                        const old_is_control_flow_dead = p.is_control_flow_dead;

                        // We want to forcefully fold constants inside of
                        // certain calls even when minification is disabled, so
                        // that if we have an import based on a string template,
                        // it does not cause a bundle error. This is relevant for
                        // macros, as they require constant known values, but also
                        // for `require` and `require.resolve`, as they go through
                        // the module resolver.
                        if (is_macro_ref or
                            e_.target.data == .e_require_call_target or
                            e_.target.data == .e_require_resolve_call_target)
                        {
                            p.options.ignore_dce_annotations = true;
                            p.should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions = true;
                        }

                        // When a value is targeted by `--drop`, it will be removed.
                        // The HMR APIs in `import.meta.hot` are implicitly dropped when HMR is disabled.
                        var method_call_should_be_replaced_with_undefined = p.method_call_must_be_replaced_with_undefined;
                        if (method_call_should_be_replaced_with_undefined) {
                            p.method_call_must_be_replaced_with_undefined = false;
                            switch (e_.target.data) {
                                // If we're removing this call, don't count any arguments as symbol uses
                                .e_index, .e_dot, .e_identifier => {
                                    p.is_control_flow_dead = true;
                                },
                                // Special case from `import.meta.hot.*` functions.
                                .e_undefined => {
                                    p.is_control_flow_dead = true;
                                },
                                else => {
                                    method_call_should_be_replaced_with_undefined = false;
                                },
                            }
                        }

                        for (e_.args.slice()) |*arg| {
                            arg.* = p.visitExpr(arg.*);
                        }

                        if (method_call_should_be_replaced_with_undefined) {
                            p.is_control_flow_dead = old_is_control_flow_dead;
                            return .{ .data = .{ .e_undefined = .{} }, .loc = expr.loc };
                        }
                    }

                    if (e_.target.data == .e_require_call_target) {
                        e_.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = false;

                        // Heuristic: omit warnings inside try/catch blocks because presumably
                        // the try/catch statement is there to handle the potential run-time
                        // error from the unbundled require() call failing.
                        if (e_.args.len == 1) {
                            const first = e_.args.first_();
                            const state = TransposeState{
                                .is_require_immediately_assigned_to_decl = in.is_immediately_assigned_to_decl and
                                    first.data == .e_string,
                            };
                            switch (first.data) {
                                .e_string => {
                                    // require(FOO) => require(FOO)
                                    return p.transposeRequire(first, &state);
                                },
                                .e_if => {
                                    // require(FOO  ? '123' : '456') => FOO ? require('123') : require('456')
                                    // This makes static analysis later easier
                                    return p.require_transposer.transposeKnownToBeIf(first, &state);
                                },
                                else => {},
                            }
                        }

                        // Ignore calls to require() if the control flow is provably
                        // dead here. We don't want to spend time scanning the required files
                        // if they will never be used.
                        if (p.is_control_flow_dead) {
                            return p.newExpr(E.Null{}, expr.loc);
                        }

                        if (p.options.warn_about_unbundled_modules) {
                            const r = js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, e_.target.loc);
                            p.log.addRangeDebug(p.source, r, "This call to \"require\" will not be bundled because it has multiple arguments") catch unreachable;
                        }

                        if (p.options.features.allow_runtime) {
                            p.recordUsageOfRuntimeRequire();
                        }

                        return expr;
                    } else if (e_.target.data == .e_require_resolve_call_target) {
                        // Ignore calls to require.resolve() if the control flow is provably
                        // dead here. We don't want to spend time scanning the required files
                        // if they will never be used.
                        if (p.is_control_flow_dead) {
                            return p.newExpr(E.Null{}, expr.loc);
                        }

                        if (e_.args.len == 1) {
                            const first = e_.args.first_();
                            switch (first.data) {
                                .e_string => {
                                    // require.resolve(FOO) => require.resolve(FOO)
                                    // (this will register dependencies)
                                    return p.transposeRequireResolveKnownString(first);
                                },
                                .e_if => {
                                    // require.resolve(FOO  ? '123' : '456')
                                    //  =>
                                    // FOO ? require.resolve('123') : require.resolve('456')
                                    // This makes static analysis later easier
                                    return p.require_resolve_transposer.transposeKnownToBeIf(first, e_.target);
                                },
                                else => {},
                            }
                        }

                        return expr;
                    } else if (e_.target.data.as(.e_special)) |special|
                        switch (special) {
                            .hot_accept => {
                                p.handleImportMetaHotAcceptCall(e_);
                                // After validating that the import.meta.hot
                                // code is correct, discard the entire
                                // expression in production.
                                if (!p.options.features.hot_module_reloading)
                                    return .{ .data = .e_undefined, .loc = expr.loc };
                            },
                            else => {},
                        };

                    if (comptime allow_macros) {
                        if (is_macro_ref and !p.options.features.is_macro_runtime) {
                            const ref = switch (e_.target.data) {
                                .e_import_identifier => |ident| ident.ref,
                                .e_dot => |dot| dot.target.data.e_identifier.ref,
                                else => unreachable,
                            };

                            const macro_ref_data = p.macro.refs.get(ref).?;
                            p.ignoreUsage(ref);
                            if (p.is_control_flow_dead) {
                                return p.newExpr(E.Undefined{}, e_.target.loc);
                            }

                            if (p.options.features.no_macros) {
                                p.log.addError(p.source, expr.loc, "Macros are disabled") catch unreachable;
                                return p.newExpr(E.Undefined{}, expr.loc);
                            }

                            if (p.source.path.isNodeModule()) {
                                p.log.addError(p.source, expr.loc, "For security reasons, macros cannot be run from node_modules.") catch unreachable;
                                return p.newExpr(E.Undefined{}, expr.loc);
                            }

                            const name = macro_ref_data.name orelse e_.target.data.e_dot.name;
                            const record = &p.import_records.items[macro_ref_data.import_record_id];
                            const copied = Expr{ .loc = expr.loc, .data = .{ .e_call = e_ } };
                            const start_error_count = p.log.msgs.items.len;
                            p.macro_call_count += 1;
                            const macro_result = p.options.macro_context.call(
                                record.path.text,
                                p.source.path.sourceDir(),
                                p.log,
                                p.source,
                                record.range,
                                copied,
                                name,
                            ) catch |err| {
                                if (err == error.MacroFailed) {
                                    if (p.log.msgs.items.len == start_error_count) {
                                        p.log.addError(p.source, expr.loc, "macro threw exception") catch unreachable;
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    p.log.addErrorFmt(p.source, expr.loc, p.allocator, "\"{s}\" error in macro", .{@errorName(err)}) catch unreachable;
                                }
                                return expr;
                            };

                            if (macro_result.data != .e_call) {
                                return p.visitExpr(macro_result);
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    // In fast refresh, any function call that looks like a hook (/^use[A-Z]/) is a
                    // hook, even if it is not the value of `SExpr` or `SLocal`. It can be anywhere
                    // in the function call. This makes sense for some weird situations with `useCallback`,
                    // where it is not assigned to a variable.
                    //
                    // When we see a hook call, we need to hash it, and then mark a flag so that if
                    // it is assigned to a variable, that variable also get's hashed.
                    if (p.options.features.react_fast_refresh) try_record_hook: {
                        const original_name = switch (e_.target.data) {
                            inline .e_identifier,
                            .e_import_identifier,
                            .e_commonjs_export_identifier,
                            => |id| p.symbols.items[id.ref.innerIndex()].original_name,
                            .e_dot => |dot| dot.name,
                            else => break :try_record_hook,
                        };
                        if (!ReactRefresh.isHookName(original_name)) break :try_record_hook;
                        p.handleReactRefreshHookCall(e_, original_name);
                    }

                    // Implement constant folding for 'string'.charCodeAt(n)
                    if (e_.args.len == 1) if (e_.target.data.as(.e_dot)) |dot| {
                        if (dot.target.data == .e_string and
                            dot.target.data.e_string.isUTF8() and
                            bun.strings.eqlComptime(dot.name, "charCodeAt"))
                        {
                            const str = dot.target.data.e_string.data;
                            const arg1 = e_.args.at(0).unwrapInlined();
                            if (arg1.data == .e_number) {
                                const float = arg1.data.e_number.value;
                                if (@mod(float, 1) == 0 and
                                    float < @as(f64, @floatFromInt(str.len)) and
                                    float >= 0)
                                {
                                    const char = str[@intFromFloat(float)];
                                    if (char < 0x80) {
                                        return p.newExpr(E.Number{
                                            .value = @floatFromInt(char),
                                        }, expr.loc);
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    };

                    return expr;
                },
                .e_new => |e_| {
                    e_.target = p.visitExpr(e_.target);

                    for (e_.args.slice()) |*arg| {
                        arg.* = p.visitExpr(arg.*);
                    }

                    if (p.options.features.minify_syntax) {
                        KnownGlobal.maybeMarkConstructorAsPure(e_, p.symbols.items);
                    }
                },
                .e_arrow => |e_| {
                    if (p.is_revisit_for_substitution) {
                        return expr;
                    }

                    const old_fn_or_arrow_data = std.mem.toBytes(p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit);
                    p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit = FnOrArrowDataVisit{
                        .is_arrow = true,
                        .is_async = e_.is_async,
                    };

                    // Mark if we're inside an async arrow function. This value should be true
                    // even if we're inside multiple arrow functions and the closest inclosing
                    // arrow function isn't async, as long as at least one enclosing arrow
                    // function within the current enclosing function is async.
                    const old_inside_async_arrow_fn = p.fn_only_data_visit.is_inside_async_arrow_fn;
                    p.fn_only_data_visit.is_inside_async_arrow_fn = e_.is_async or p.fn_only_data_visit.is_inside_async_arrow_fn;

                    p.pushScopeForVisitPass(.function_args, expr.loc) catch unreachable;
                    const dupe = p.allocator.dupe(Stmt, e_.body.stmts) catch unreachable;

                    p.visitArgs(e_.args, VisitArgsOpts{
                        .has_rest_arg = e_.has_rest_arg,
                        .body = dupe,
                        .is_unique_formal_parameters = true,
                    });
                    p.pushScopeForVisitPass(.function_body, e_.body.loc) catch unreachable;

                    var react_hook_data: ?ReactRefresh.HookContext = null;
                    const prev = p.react_refresh.hook_ctx_storage;
                    defer p.react_refresh.hook_ctx_storage = prev;
                    p.react_refresh.hook_ctx_storage = &react_hook_data;

                    var stmts_list = ListManaged(Stmt).fromOwnedSlice(p.allocator, dupe);
                    var temp_opts = PrependTempRefsOpts{ .kind = .fn_body };
                    p.visitStmtsAndPrependTempRefs(&stmts_list, &temp_opts) catch unreachable;
                    p.allocator.free(e_.body.stmts);
                    e_.body.stmts = stmts_list.items;
                    p.popScope();
                    p.popScope();

                    p.fn_only_data_visit.is_inside_async_arrow_fn = old_inside_async_arrow_fn;
                    p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit = std.mem.bytesToValue(@TypeOf(p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit), &old_fn_or_arrow_data);

                    if (react_hook_data) |*hook| try_mark_hook: {
                        const stmts = p.nearest_stmt_list orelse break :try_mark_hook;
                        stmts.append(p.getReactRefreshHookSignalDecl(hook.signature_cb)) catch bun.outOfMemory();

                        p.handleReactRefreshPostVisitFunctionBody(&stmts_list, hook);
                        e_.body.stmts = stmts_list.items;

                        return p.getReactRefreshHookSignalInit(hook, expr);
                    }
                },
                .e_function => |e_| {
                    if (p.is_revisit_for_substitution) {
                        return expr;
                    }

                    var react_hook_data: ?ReactRefresh.HookContext = null;
                    const prev = p.react_refresh.hook_ctx_storage;
                    defer p.react_refresh.hook_ctx_storage = prev;
                    p.react_refresh.hook_ctx_storage = &react_hook_data;

                    e_.func = p.visitFunc(e_.func, expr.loc);

                    var final_expr = expr;

                    if (react_hook_data) |*hook| try_mark_hook: {
                        const stmts = p.nearest_stmt_list orelse break :try_mark_hook;
                        stmts.append(p.getReactRefreshHookSignalDecl(hook.signature_cb)) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                        final_expr = p.getReactRefreshHookSignalInit(hook, expr);
                    }

                    if (e_.func.name) |name| {
                        final_expr = p.keepExprSymbolName(final_expr, p.symbols.items[name.ref.?.innerIndex()].original_name);
                    }

                    return final_expr;
                },
                .e_class => |e_| {
                    if (p.is_revisit_for_substitution) {
                        return expr;
                    }

                    _ = p.visitClass(expr.loc, e_, Ref.None);
                },
                else => {},
            }
            return expr;
        }

        /// This is only allowed to be called if allow_runtime is true
        /// If --target=bun, this does nothing.
        fn recordUsageOfRuntimeRequire(p: *P) void {
            // target bun does not have __require
            if (p.options.features.auto_polyfill_require) {
                bun.assert(p.options.features.allow_runtime);

                p.ensureRequireSymbol();
                p.recordUsage(p.runtimeIdentifierRef(logger.Loc.Empty, "__require"));
            }
        }

        fn ignoreUsageOfRuntimeRequire(p: *P) void {
            if (p.options.features.auto_polyfill_require) {
                bun.assert(p.runtime_imports.__require != null);
                p.ignoreUsage(p.runtimeIdentifierRef(logger.Loc.Empty, "__require"));
                p.symbols.items[p.require_ref.innerIndex()].use_count_estimate -|= 1;
            }
        }

        inline fn valueForRequire(p: *P, loc: logger.Loc) Expr {
            bun.assert(!p.isSourceRuntime());
            return Expr{
                .data = .{
                    .e_require_call_target = {},
                },
                .loc = loc,
            };
        }

        inline fn valueForImportMetaMain(p: *P, inverted: bool, loc: logger.Loc) Expr {
            if (p.options.import_meta_main_value) |known| {
                return .{ .loc = loc, .data = .{ .e_boolean = .{ .value = if (inverted) !known else known } } };
            } else {
                // Node.js does not have import.meta.main, so we end up lowering
                // this to `require.main === module`, but with the ESM format,
                // both `require` and `module` are not present, so the code
                // generation we need is:
                //
                //     import { createRequire } from "node:module";
                //     var __require = createRequire(import.meta.url);
                //     var import_meta_main = __require.main === __require.module;
                //
                // The printer can handle this for us, but we need to reference
                // a handle to the `__require` function.
                if (p.options.lower_import_meta_main_for_node_js) {
                    p.recordUsageOfRuntimeRequire();
                }

                return .{
                    .loc = loc,
                    .data = .{ .e_import_meta_main = .{ .inverted = inverted } },
                };
            }
        }

        fn visitArgs(p: *P, args: []G.Arg, opts: VisitArgsOpts) void {
            const strict_loc = fnBodyContainsUseStrict(opts.body);
            const has_simple_args = isSimpleParameterList(args, opts.has_rest_arg);
            var duplicate_args_check: ?*StringVoidMap.Node = null;
            defer {
                if (duplicate_args_check) |checker| {
                    StringVoidMap.release(checker);
                }
            }

            // Section 15.2.1 Static Semantics: Early Errors: "It is a Syntax Error if
            // FunctionBodyContainsUseStrict of FunctionBody is true and
            // IsSimpleParameterList of FormalParameters is false."
            if (strict_loc != null and !has_simple_args) {
                p.log.addRangeError(p.source, p.source.rangeOfString(strict_loc.?), "Cannot use a \"use strict\" directive in a function with a non-simple parameter list") catch unreachable;
            }

            // Section 15.1.1 Static Semantics: Early Errors: "Multiple occurrences of
            // the same BindingIdentifier in a FormalParameterList is only allowed for
            // functions which have simple parameter lists and which are not defined in
            // strict mode code."
            if (opts.is_unique_formal_parameters or strict_loc != null or !has_simple_args or p.isStrictMode()) {
                duplicate_args_check = StringVoidMap.get(bun.default_allocator);
            }

            const duplicate_args_check_ptr: ?*StringVoidMap = if (duplicate_args_check != null)
                &duplicate_args_check.?.data
            else
                null;

            for (args) |*arg| {
                if (arg.ts_decorators.len > 0) {
                    arg.ts_decorators = p.visitTSDecorators(arg.ts_decorators);
                }

                p.visitBinding(arg.binding, duplicate_args_check_ptr);
                if (arg.default) |default| {
                    arg.default = p.visitExpr(default);
                }
            }
        }

        pub fn visitTSDecorators(p: *P, decs: ExprNodeList) ExprNodeList {
            for (decs.slice()) |*dec| {
                dec.* = p.visitExpr(dec.*);
            }

            return decs;
        }

        pub fn keepExprSymbolName(_: *P, _value: Expr, _: string) Expr {
            return _value;
            // var start = p.expr_list.items.len;
            // p.expr_list.ensureUnusedCapacity(2) catch unreachable;
            // p.expr_list.appendAssumeCapacity(_value);
            // p.expr_list.appendAssumeCapacity(p.newExpr(E.String{
            //     .utf8 = name,
            // }, _value.loc));

            // var value = p.callRuntime(_value.loc, "ℹ", p.expr_list.items[start..p.expr_list.items.len]);
            // // Make sure tree shaking removes this if the function is never used
            // value.getCall().can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = true;
            // return value;
        }

        pub fn fnBodyContainsUseStrict(body: []Stmt) ?logger.Loc {
            for (body) |stmt| {
                // "use strict" has to appear at the top of the function body
                // but we can allow comments
                switch (stmt.data) {
                    .s_comment => {
                        continue;
                    },
                    .s_directive => |dir| {
                        if (strings.eqlComptime(dir.value, "use strict")) {
                            return stmt.loc;
                        }
                    },
                    .s_empty => {},
                    else => return null,
                }
            }

            return null;
        }

        pub fn isSimpleParameterList(args: []G.Arg, has_rest_arg: bool) bool {
            if (has_rest_arg) {
                return false;
            }

            for (args) |arg| {
                if (@as(Binding.Tag, arg.binding.data) != .b_identifier or arg.default != null) {
                    return false;
                }
            }

            return true;
        }

        // This one is never called in places that haven't already checked if DCE is enabled.
        pub fn classCanBeRemovedIfUnused(p: *P, class: *G.Class) bool {
            if (class.extends) |*extends| {
                if (!p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(extends)) {
                    return false;
                }
            }

            for (class.properties) |*property| {
                if (property.kind == .class_static_block) {
                    if (!p.stmtsCanBeRemovedifUnusedWithoutDCECheck(property.class_static_block.?.stmts.slice())) {
                        return false;
                    }
                    continue;
                }

                if (!p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(&(property.key orelse unreachable))) {
                    return false;
                }

                if (property.value) |*val| {
                    if (!p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(val)) {
                        return false;
                    }
                }

                if (property.initializer) |*val| {
                    if (!p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(val)) {
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }

            return true;
        }

        // TODO:
        // When React Fast Refresh is enabled, anything that's a JSX component should not be removable
        // This is to improve the reliability of fast refresh between page loads.
        pub fn exprCanBeRemovedIfUnused(p: *P, expr: *const Expr) bool {
            if (!p.options.features.dead_code_elimination) return false;

            return exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(p, expr);
        }

        fn exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(p: *P, expr: *const Expr) bool {
            switch (expr.data) {
                .e_null,
                .e_undefined,
                .e_missing,
                .e_boolean,
                .e_number,
                .e_big_int,
                .e_string,
                .e_this,
                .e_reg_exp,
                .e_function,
                .e_arrow,
                .e_import_meta,
                => {
                    return true;
                },

                .e_inlined_enum => |e| return p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(&e.value),

                .e_dot => |ex| {
                    return ex.can_be_removed_if_unused;
                },
                .e_class => |ex| {
                    return p.classCanBeRemovedIfUnused(ex);
                },
                .e_identifier => |ex| {
                    bun.assert(!ex.ref.isSourceContentsSlice()); // was not visited

                    if (ex.must_keep_due_to_with_stmt) {
                        return false;
                    }

                    // Unbound identifiers cannot be removed because they can have side effects.
                    // One possible side effect is throwing a ReferenceError if they don't exist.
                    // Another one is a getter with side effects on the global object:
                    //
                    //   Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'x', {
                    //     get() {
                    //       sideEffect();
                    //     },
                    //   });
                    //
                    // Be very careful about this possibility. It's tempting to treat all
                    // identifier expressions as not having side effects but that's wrong. We
                    // must make sure they have been declared by the code we are currently
                    // compiling before we can tell that they have no side effects.
                    //
                    // Note that we currently ignore ReferenceErrors due to TDZ access. This is
                    // incorrect but proper TDZ analysis is very complicated and would have to
                    // be very conservative, which would inhibit a lot of optimizations of code
                    // inside closures. This may need to be revisited if it proves problematic.
                    if (ex.can_be_removed_if_unused or p.symbols.items[ex.ref.innerIndex()].kind != .unbound) {
                        return true;
                    }
                },
                .e_commonjs_export_identifier, .e_import_identifier => {

                    // References to an ES6 import item are always side-effect free in an
                    // ECMAScript environment.
                    //
                    // They could technically have side effects if the imported module is a
                    // CommonJS module and the import item was translated to a property access
                    // (which esbuild's bundler does) and the property has a getter with side
                    // effects.
                    //
                    // But this is very unlikely and respecting this edge case would mean
                    // disabling tree shaking of all code that references an export from a
                    // CommonJS module. It would also likely violate the expectations of some
                    // developers because the code *looks* like it should be able to be tree
                    // shaken.
                    //
                    // So we deliberately ignore this edge case and always treat import item
                    // references as being side-effect free.
                    return true;
                },
                .e_if => |ex| {
                    return p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(&ex.test_) and
                        (p.isSideEffectFreeUnboundIdentifierRef(
                            ex.yes,
                            ex.test_,
                            true,
                        ) or
                            p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(&ex.yes)) and
                        (p.isSideEffectFreeUnboundIdentifierRef(
                            ex.no,
                            ex.test_,
                            false,
                        ) or p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(
                            &ex.no,
                        ));
                },
                .e_array => |ex| {
                    for (ex.items.slice()) |*item| {
                        if (!p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(item)) {
                            return false;
                        }
                    }

                    return true;
                },
                .e_object => |ex| {
                    for (ex.properties.slice()) |*property| {

                        // The key must still be evaluated if it's computed or a spread
                        if (property.kind == .spread or (property.flags.contains(.is_computed) and !property.key.?.isPrimitiveLiteral()) or property.flags.contains(.is_spread)) {
                            return false;
                        }

                        if (property.value) |*val| {
                            if (!p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(val)) {
                                return false;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    return true;
                },
                .e_call => |ex| {
                    // A call that has been marked "__PURE__" can be removed if all arguments
                    // can be removed. The annotation causes us to ignore the target.
                    if (ex.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused) {
                        for (ex.args.slice()) |*arg| {
                            if (!p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(arg)) {
                                return false;
                            }
                        }
                        return true;
                    }
                },
                .e_new => |ex| {

                    // A call that has been marked "__PURE__" can be removed if all arguments
                    // can be removed. The annotation causes us to ignore the target.
                    if (ex.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused) {
                        for (ex.args.slice()) |*arg| {
                            if (!p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(arg)) {
                                return false;
                            }
                        }

                        return true;
                    }
                },
                .e_unary => |ex| {
                    switch (ex.op) {
                        // These operators must not have any type conversions that can execute code
                        // such as "toString" or "valueOf". They must also never throw any exceptions.
                        .un_void, .un_not => {
                            return p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(&ex.value);
                        },

                        // The "typeof" operator doesn't do any type conversions so it can be removed
                        // if the result is unused and the operand has no side effects. However, it
                        // has a special case where if the operand is an identifier expression such
                        // as "typeof x" and "x" doesn't exist, no reference error is thrown so the
                        // operation has no side effects.
                        //
                        // Note that there *is* actually a case where "typeof x" can throw an error:
                        // when "x" is being referenced inside of its TDZ (temporal dead zone). TDZ
                        // checks are not yet handled correctly by bun or esbuild, so this possibility is
                        // currently ignored.
                        .un_typeof => {
                            if (ex.value.data == .e_identifier) {
                                return true;
                            }

                            return p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(&ex.value);
                        },

                        else => {},
                    }
                },
                .e_binary => |ex| {
                    switch (ex.op) {
                        // These operators must not have any type conversions that can execute code
                        // such as "toString" or "valueOf". They must also never throw any exceptions.
                        .bin_strict_eq,
                        .bin_strict_ne,
                        .bin_comma,
                        .bin_nullish_coalescing,
                        => return p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(&ex.left) and p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(&ex.right),

                        // Special-case "||" to make sure "typeof x === 'undefined' || x" can be removed
                        .bin_logical_or => return p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(&ex.left) and
                            (p.isSideEffectFreeUnboundIdentifierRef(ex.right, ex.left, false) or p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(&ex.right)),

                        // Special-case "&&" to make sure "typeof x !== 'undefined' && x" can be removed
                        .bin_logical_and => return p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(&ex.left) and
                            (p.isSideEffectFreeUnboundIdentifierRef(ex.right, ex.left, true) or p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(&ex.right)),

                        // For "==" and "!=", pretend the operator was actually "===" or "!==". If
                        // we know that we can convert it to "==" or "!=", then we can consider the
                        // operator itself to have no side effects. This matters because our mangle
                        // logic will convert "typeof x === 'object'" into "typeof x == 'object'"
                        // and since "typeof x === 'object'" is considered to be side-effect free,
                        // we must also consider "typeof x == 'object'" to be side-effect free.
                        .bin_loose_eq, .bin_loose_ne => return SideEffects.canChangeStrictToLoose(
                            ex.left.data,
                            ex.right.data,
                        ) and
                            p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(&ex.left) and p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(&ex.right),
                        else => {},
                    }
                },
                .e_template => |templ| {
                    if (templ.tag == null) {
                        for (templ.parts) |part| {
                            if (!p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnusedWithoutDCECheck(&part.value) or part.value.knownPrimitive() == .unknown) {
                                return false;
                            }
                        }

                        return true;
                    }
                },
                else => {},
            }

            return false;
        }

        // // This is based on exprCanBeRemoved
        // // The main difference: identifiers, functions, arrow functions cause it to return false
        // pub fn exprCanBeHoistedForJSX(p: *P, expr: *const Expr) bool {
        //     if (comptime jsx_transform_type != .react) {
        //         unreachable;
        //     }

        //     switch (expr.data) {
        //         .e_null,
        //         .e_undefined,
        //         .e_missing,
        //         .e_boolean,
        //         .e_number,
        //         .e_big_int,
        //         .e_string,
        //         .e_reg_exp,
        //         => {
        //             return true;
        //         },

        //         .e_dot => |ex| {
        //             return ex.can_be_removed_if_unused;
        //         },
        //         .e_import_identifier => {

        //             // References to an ES6 import item are always side-effect free in an
        //             // ECMAScript environment.
        //             //
        //             // They could technically have side effects if the imported module is a
        //             // CommonJS module and the import item was translated to a property access
        //             // (which esbuild's bundler does) and the property has a getter with side
        //             // effects.
        //             //
        //             // But this is very unlikely and respecting this edge case would mean
        //             // disabling tree shaking of all code that references an export from a
        //             // CommonJS module. It would also likely violate the expectations of some
        //             // developers because the code *looks* like it should be able to be tree
        //             // shaken.
        //             //
        //             // So we deliberately ignore this edge case and always treat import item
        //             // references as being side-effect free.
        //             return true;
        //         },
        //         .e_if => |ex| {
        //             return p.exprCanBeHoistedForJSX(&ex.test_) and
        //                 (p.isSideEffectFreeUnboundIdentifierRef(
        //                 ex.yes,
        //                 ex.test_,
        //                 true,
        //             ) or
        //                 p.exprCanBeHoistedForJSX(&ex.yes)) and
        //                 (p.isSideEffectFreeUnboundIdentifierRef(
        //                 ex.no,
        //                 ex.test_,
        //                 false,
        //             ) or p.exprCanBeHoistedForJSX(
        //                 &ex.no,
        //             ));
        //         },
        //         .e_array => |ex| {
        //             for (ex.items.slice()) |*item| {
        //                 if (!p.exprCanBeHoistedForJSX(item)) {
        //                     return false;
        //                 }
        //             }

        //             return true;
        //         },
        //         .e_object => |ex| {
        //             // macros disable this because macros get inlined
        //             // so it's sort of the opposite of the purpose of this function
        //             if (ex.was_originally_macro)
        //                 return false;

        //             for (ex.properties.slice()) |*property| {

        //                 // The key must still be evaluated if it's computed or a spread
        //                 if (property.kind == .spread or property.flags.contains(.is_computed) or property.flags.contains(.is_spread)) {
        //                     return false;
        //                 }

        //                 if (property.value) |*val| {
        //                     if (!p.exprCanBeHoistedForJSX(val)) {
        //                         return false;
        //                     }
        //                 }
        //             }
        //             return true;
        //         },
        //         .e_call => |ex| {

        //             // A call that has been marked "__PURE__" can be removed if all arguments
        //             // can be removed. The annotation causes us to ignore the target.
        //             if (ex.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused) {
        //                 for (ex.args.slice()) |*arg| {
        //                     if (!p.exprCanBeHoistedForJSX(arg)) {
        //                         return false;
        //                     }
        //                 }
        //                 return true;
        //             }
        //         },
        //         .e_new => |ex| {

        //             // A call that has been marked "__PURE__" can be removed if all arguments
        //             // can be removed. The annotation causes us to ignore the target.
        //             if (ex.can_be_unwrapped_if_unused) {
        //                 for (ex.args.slice()) |*arg| {
        //                     if (!p.exprCanBeHoistedForJSX(arg)) {
        //                         return false;
        //                     }
        //                 }

        //                 return true;
        //             }
        //         },
        //         .e_unary => |ex| {
        //             switch (ex.op) {
        //                 // These operators must not have any type conversions that can execute code
        //                 // such as "toString" or "valueOf". They must also never throw any exceptions.
        //                 .un_void, .un_not => {
        //                     return p.exprCanBeHoistedForJSX(&ex.value);
        //                 },

        //                 // The "typeof" operator doesn't do any type conversions so it can be removed
        //                 // if the result is unused and the operand has no side effects. However, it
        //                 // has a special case where if the operand is an identifier expression such
        //                 // as "typeof x" and "x" doesn't exist, no reference error is thrown so the
        //                 // operation has no side effects.
        //                 //
        //                 // Note that there *is* actually a case where "typeof x" can throw an error:
        //                 // when "x" is being referenced inside of its TDZ (temporal dead zone). TDZ
        //                 // checks are not yet handled correctly by bun or esbuild, so this possibility is
        //                 // currently ignored.
        //                 .un_typeof => {
        //                     if (ex.value.data == .e_identifier) {
        //                         return true;
        //                     }

        //                     return p.exprCanBeHoistedForJSX(&ex.value);
        //                 },

        //                 else => {},
        //             }
        //         },
        //         .e_binary => |ex| {
        //             switch (ex.op) {
        //                 // These operators must not have any type conversions that can execute code
        //                 // such as "toString" or "valueOf". They must also never throw any exceptions.
        //                 .bin_strict_eq,
        //                 .bin_strict_ne,
        //                 .bin_comma,
        //                 .bin_nullish_coalescing,
        //                 => return p.exprCanBeHoistedForJSX(&ex.left) and p.exprCanBeHoistedForJSX(&ex.right),

        //                 // Special-case "||" to make sure "typeof x === 'undefined' || x" can be removed
        //                 .bin_logical_or => return p.exprCanBeHoistedForJSX(&ex.left) and
        //                     (p.isSideEffectFreeUnboundIdentifierRef(ex.right, ex.left, false) or p.exprCanBeHoistedForJSX(&ex.right)),

        //                 // Special-case "&&" to make sure "typeof x !== 'undefined' && x" can be removed
        //                 .bin_logical_and => return p.exprCanBeHoistedForJSX(&ex.left) and
        //                     (p.isSideEffectFreeUnboundIdentifierRef(ex.right, ex.left, true) or p.exprCanBeHoistedForJSX(&ex.right)),

        //                 // For "==" and "!=", pretend the operator was actually "===" or "!==". If
        //                 // we know that we can convert it to "==" or "!=", then we can consider the
        //                 // operator itself to have no side effects. This matters because our mangle
        //                 // logic will convert "typeof x === 'object'" into "typeof x == 'object'"
        //                 // and since "typeof x === 'object'" is considered to be side-effect free,
        //                 // we must also consider "typeof x == 'object'" to be side-effect free.
        //                 .bin_loose_eq, .bin_loose_ne => return SideEffects.canChangeStrictToLoose(
        //                     ex.left.data,
        //                     ex.right.data,
        //                 ) and
        //                     p.exprCanBeHoistedForJSX(&ex.left) and p.exprCanBeHoistedForJSX(&ex.right),
        //                 else => {},
        //             }
        //         },
        //         .e_template => |templ| {
        //             if (templ.tag == null) {
        //                 for (templ.parts) |part| {
        //                     if (!p.exprCanBeHoistedForJSX(&part.value) or part.value.knownPrimitive() == .unknown) {
        //                         return false;
        //                     }
        //                 }
        //             }

        //             return true;
        //         },
        //         else => {},

        //         // These may reference variables from an upper scope
        //         // it's possible to detect that, but we are cutting scope for now
        //         // .e_function,
        //         // .e_arrow,
        //         // .e_this,
        //     }

        //     return false;
        // }

        fn isSideEffectFreeUnboundIdentifierRef(p: *P, value: Expr, guard_condition: Expr, is_yes_branch: bool) bool {
            if (value.data != .e_identifier or
                p.symbols.items[value.data.e_identifier.ref.innerIndex()].kind != .unbound or
                guard_condition.data != .e_binary)
                return false;

            const binary = guard_condition.data.e_binary.*;

            switch (binary.op) {
                .bin_strict_eq, .bin_strict_ne, .bin_loose_eq, .bin_loose_ne => {
                    // typeof x !== 'undefined'
                    var typeof: Expr.Data = binary.left.data;
                    var compare: Expr.Data = binary.right.data;
                    // typeof 'undefined' !== x
                    if (typeof == .e_string) {
                        typeof = binary.right.data;
                        compare = binary.left.data;
                    }

                    // this order because Expr.Data Tag is not a pointer
                    // so it should be slightly faster to compare
                    if (compare != .e_string or
                        typeof != .e_unary)
                        return false;
                    const unary = typeof.e_unary.*;

                    if (unary.op != .un_typeof or unary.value.data != .e_identifier)
                        return false;

                    const id = value.data.e_identifier.ref;
                    const id2 = unary.value.data.e_identifier.ref;
                    return ((compare.e_string.eqlComptime("undefined") == is_yes_branch) ==
                        (binary.op == .bin_strict_ne or binary.op == .bin_loose_ne)) and
                        id.eql(id2);
                },
                else => return false,
            }
        }

        fn jsxImportAutomatic(p: *P, loc: logger.Loc, is_static: bool) Expr {
            return p.jsxImport(
                if (is_static and !p.options.jsx.development and FeatureFlags.support_jsxs_in_jsx_transform)
                    .jsxs
                else if (p.options.jsx.development)
                    .jsxDEV
                else
                    .jsx,
                loc,
            );
        }

        fn jsxImport(p: *P, kind: JSXImport, loc: logger.Loc) Expr {
            switch (kind) {
                inline else => |field| {
                    const ref: Ref = brk: {
                        if (p.jsx_imports.getWithTag(kind) == null) {
                            const symbol_name = @tagName(field);

                            const loc_ref = LocRef{
                                .loc = loc,
                                .ref = (p.declareGeneratedSymbol(.other, symbol_name) catch unreachable),
                            };

                            p.module_scope.generated.push(p.allocator, loc_ref.ref.?) catch unreachable;
                            p.is_import_item.put(p.allocator, loc_ref.ref.?, {}) catch unreachable;
                            @field(p.jsx_imports, @tagName(field)) = loc_ref;
                            break :brk loc_ref.ref.?;
                        }

                        break :brk p.jsx_imports.getWithTag(kind).?;
                    };

                    p.recordUsage(ref);
                    return p.handleIdentifier(
                        loc,
                        E.Identifier{
                            .ref = ref,
                            .can_be_removed_if_unused = true,
                            .call_can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = true,
                        },
                        null,
                        .{
                            .was_originally_identifier = true,
                        },
                    );
                },
            }
        }

        fn selectLocalKind(p: *P, kind: S.Local.Kind) S.Local.Kind {
            // Use "var" instead of "let" and "const" if the variable declaration may
            // need to be separated from the initializer. This allows us to safely move
            // this declaration into a nested scope.
            if ((p.options.bundle or p.will_wrap_module_in_try_catch_for_using) and
                p.current_scope.parent == null and !kind.isUsing())
            {
                return .k_var;
            }

            // Optimization: use "let" instead of "const" because it's shorter. This is
            // only done when bundling because assigning to "const" is only an error when bundling.
            if (p.options.bundle and kind == .k_const and p.options.features.minify_syntax) {
                return .k_let;
            }

            return kind;
        }

        fn maybeRelocateVarsToTopLevel(p: *P, decls: []const G.Decl, mode: RelocateVars.Mode) RelocateVars {
            // Only do this when the scope is not already top-level and when we're not inside a function.
            if (p.current_scope == p.module_scope) {
                return .{ .ok = false };
            }

            var scope = p.current_scope;
            while (!scope.kindStopsHoisting()) {
                if (comptime Environment.allow_assert) assert(scope.parent != null);
                scope = scope.parent.?;
            }

            if (scope != p.module_scope) {
                return .{ .ok = false };
            }

            var value: Expr = Expr{ .loc = logger.Loc.Empty, .data = Expr.Data{ .e_missing = E.Missing{} } };

            for (decls) |decl| {
                const binding = Binding.toExpr(
                    &decl.binding,
                    p.to_expr_wrapper_hoisted,
                );
                if (decl.value) |decl_value| {
                    value = value.joinWithComma(Expr.assign(binding, decl_value), p.allocator);
                } else if (mode == .for_in_or_for_of) {
                    value = value.joinWithComma(binding, p.allocator);
                }
            }

            if (value.data == .e_missing) {
                return .{ .ok = true };
            }

            return .{ .stmt = p.s(S.SExpr{ .value = value }, value.loc), .ok = true };
        }

        // EDot nodes represent a property access. This function may return an
        // expression to replace the property access with. It assumes that the
        // target of the EDot expression has already been visited.
        fn maybeRewritePropertyAccess(
            p: *P,
            loc: logger.Loc,
            target: js_ast.Expr,
            name: string,
            name_loc: logger.Loc,
            identifier_opts: IdentifierOpts,
        ) ?Expr {
            sw: switch (target.data) {
                .e_identifier => |id| {
                    // Rewrite property accesses on explicit namespace imports as an identifier.
                    // This lets us replace them easily in the printer to rebind them to
                    // something else without paying the cost of a whole-tree traversal during
                    // module linking just to rewrite these EDot expressions.
                    if (p.options.bundle) {
                        if (p.import_items_for_namespace.getPtr(id.ref)) |import_items| {
                            const ref = (import_items.get(name) orelse brk: {
                                // Generate a new import item symbol in the module scope
                                const new_item = LocRef{
                                    .loc = name_loc,
                                    .ref = p.newSymbol(.import, name) catch unreachable,
                                };
                                p.module_scope.generated.push(p.allocator, new_item.ref.?) catch unreachable;

                                import_items.put(name, new_item) catch unreachable;
                                p.is_import_item.put(p.allocator, new_item.ref.?, {}) catch unreachable;

                                var symbol = &p.symbols.items[new_item.ref.?.innerIndex()];

                                // Mark this as generated in case it's missing. We don't want to
                                // generate errors for missing import items that are automatically
                                // generated.
                                symbol.import_item_status = .generated;

                                break :brk new_item;
                            }).ref.?;

                            // Undo the usage count for the namespace itself. This is used later
                            // to detect whether the namespace symbol has ever been "captured"
                            // or whether it has just been used to read properties off of.
                            //
                            // The benefit of doing this is that if both this module and the
                            // imported module end up in the same module group and the namespace
                            // symbol has never been captured, then we don't need to generate
                            // any code for the namespace at all.
                            p.ignoreUsage(id.ref);

                            // Track how many times we've referenced this symbol
                            p.recordUsage(ref);

                            return p.handleIdentifier(
                                name_loc,
                                E.Identifier{ .ref = ref },
                                name,
                                .{
                                    .assign_target = identifier_opts.assign_target,
                                    .is_call_target = identifier_opts.is_call_target,
                                    .is_delete_target = identifier_opts.is_delete_target,

                                    // If this expression is used as the target of a call expression, make
                                    // sure the value of "this" is preserved.
                                    .was_originally_identifier = false,
                                },
                            );
                        }
                    }

                    if (!p.is_control_flow_dead and id.ref.eql(p.module_ref)) {
                        // Rewrite "module.require()" to "require()" for Webpack compatibility.
                        // See https://github.com/webpack/webpack/pull/7750 for more info.
                        // This also makes correctness a little easier.
                        if (identifier_opts.is_call_target and strings.eqlComptime(name, "require")) {
                            p.ignoreUsage(p.module_ref);
                            return p.valueForRequire(name_loc);
                        } else if (!p.commonjs_named_exports_deoptimized and strings.eqlComptime(name, "exports")) {
                            if (identifier_opts.assign_target != .none) {
                                p.commonjs_module_exports_assigned_deoptimized = true;
                            }

                            // Detect if we are doing
                            //
                            //  module.exports = {
                            //    foo: "bar"
                            //  }
                            //
                            //  Note that it cannot be any of these:
                            //
                            //  module.exports += { };
                            //  delete module.exports = {};
                            //  module.exports()
                            if (!(identifier_opts.is_call_target or identifier_opts.is_delete_target) and
                                identifier_opts.assign_target == .replace and
                                p.stmt_expr_value == .e_binary and
                                p.stmt_expr_value.e_binary.op == .bin_assign)
                            {
                                if (
                                // if it's not top-level, don't do this
                                p.module_scope != p.current_scope or
                                    // if you do
                                    //
                                    // exports.foo = 123;
                                    // module.exports = {};
                                    //
                                    // that's a de-opt.
                                    p.commonjs_named_exports.count() > 0 or

                                    // anything which is not module.exports = {} is a de-opt.
                                    p.stmt_expr_value.e_binary.right.data != .e_object or
                                    p.stmt_expr_value.e_binary.left.data != .e_dot or
                                    !strings.eqlComptime(p.stmt_expr_value.e_binary.left.data.e_dot.name, "exports") or
                                    p.stmt_expr_value.e_binary.left.data.e_dot.target.data != .e_identifier or
                                    !p.stmt_expr_value.e_binary.left.data.e_dot.target.data.e_identifier.ref.eql(p.module_ref))
                                {
                                    p.deoptimizeCommonJSNamedExports();
                                    return null;
                                }

                                const props: []const G.Property = p.stmt_expr_value.e_binary.right.data.e_object.properties.slice();
                                for (props) |prop| {
                                    // if it's not a trivial object literal, de-opt
                                    if (prop.kind != .normal or
                                        prop.key == null or
                                        prop.key.?.data != .e_string or
                                        prop.flags.contains(Flags.Property.is_method) or
                                        prop.flags.contains(Flags.Property.is_computed) or
                                        prop.flags.contains(Flags.Property.is_spread) or
                                        prop.flags.contains(Flags.Property.is_static) or
                                        // If it creates a new scope, we can't do this optimization right now
                                        // Our scope order verification stuff will get mad
                                        // But we should let you do module.exports = { bar: foo(), baz: 123 }
                                        // just not module.exports = { bar: function() {}  }
                                        // just not module.exports = { bar() {}  }
                                        switch (prop.value.?.data) {
                                            .e_commonjs_export_identifier, .e_import_identifier, .e_identifier => false,
                                            .e_call => |call| switch (call.target.data) {
                                                .e_commonjs_export_identifier, .e_import_identifier, .e_identifier => false,
                                                else => |call_target| !@as(Expr.Tag, call_target).isPrimitiveLiteral(),
                                            },
                                            else => !prop.value.?.isPrimitiveLiteral(),
                                        })
                                    {
                                        p.deoptimizeCommonJSNamedExports();
                                        return null;
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    // empty object de-opts because otherwise the statement becomes
                                    // <empty space> = {};
                                    p.deoptimizeCommonJSNamedExports();
                                    return null;
                                }

                                var stmts = std.ArrayList(Stmt).initCapacity(p.allocator, props.len * 2) catch unreachable;
                                var decls = p.allocator.alloc(Decl, props.len) catch unreachable;
                                var clause_items = p.allocator.alloc(js_ast.ClauseItem, props.len) catch unreachable;

                                for (props) |prop| {
                                    const key = prop.key.?.data.e_string.string(p.allocator) catch unreachable;
                                    const visited_value = p.visitExpr(prop.value.?);
                                    const value = SideEffects.simplifyUnusedExpr(p, visited_value) orelse visited_value;

                                    // We are doing `module.exports = { ... }`
                                    // lets rewrite it to a series of what will become export assignments
                                    const named_export_entry = p.commonjs_named_exports.getOrPut(p.allocator, key) catch unreachable;
                                    if (!named_export_entry.found_existing) {
                                        const new_ref = p.newSymbol(
                                            .other,
                                            std.fmt.allocPrint(p.allocator, "${any}", .{bun.fmt.fmtIdentifier(key)}) catch unreachable,
                                        ) catch unreachable;
                                        p.module_scope.generated.push(p.allocator, new_ref) catch unreachable;
                                        named_export_entry.value_ptr.* = .{
                                            .loc_ref = LocRef{
                                                .loc = name_loc,
                                                .ref = new_ref,
                                            },
                                            .needs_decl = false,
                                        };
                                    }
                                    const ref = named_export_entry.value_ptr.loc_ref.ref.?;
                                    // module.exports = {
                                    //   foo: "bar",
                                    //   baz: "qux",
                                    // }
                                    // ->
                                    // exports.foo = "bar", exports.baz = "qux"
                                    // Which will become
                                    // $foo = "bar";
                                    // $baz = "qux";
                                    // export { $foo as foo, $baz as baz }

                                    decls[0] = .{
                                        .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = ref }, prop.key.?.loc),
                                        .value = value,
                                    };
                                    // we have to ensure these are known to be top-level
                                    p.declared_symbols.append(p.allocator, .{
                                        .ref = ref,
                                        .is_top_level = true,
                                    }) catch unreachable;
                                    p.had_commonjs_named_exports_this_visit = true;
                                    clause_items[0] = js_ast.ClauseItem{
                                        // We want the generated name to not conflict
                                        .alias = key,
                                        .alias_loc = prop.key.?.loc,
                                        .name = named_export_entry.value_ptr.loc_ref,
                                    };

                                    stmts.appendSlice(
                                        &[_]Stmt{
                                            p.s(
                                                S.Local{
                                                    .kind = .k_var,
                                                    .is_export = false,
                                                    .was_commonjs_export = true,
                                                    .decls = G.Decl.List.init(decls[0..1]),
                                                },
                                                prop.key.?.loc,
                                            ),
                                            p.s(
                                                S.ExportClause{
                                                    .items = clause_items[0..1],
                                                    .is_single_line = true,
                                                },
                                                prop.key.?.loc,
                                            ),
                                        },
                                    ) catch unreachable;
                                    decls = decls[1..];
                                    clause_items = clause_items[1..];
                                }

                                p.ignoreUsage(p.module_ref);
                                p.commonjs_replacement_stmts = stmts.items;
                                return p.newExpr(E.Missing{}, name_loc);
                            }

                            // Deoptimizations:
                            //      delete module.exports
                            //      module.exports();
                            if (identifier_opts.is_call_target or identifier_opts.is_delete_target or identifier_opts.assign_target != .none) {
                                p.deoptimizeCommonJSNamedExports();
                                return null;
                            }

                            // rewrite `module.exports` to `exports`
                            return .{ .data = .{ .e_special = .module_exports }, .loc = name_loc };
                        } else if (p.options.bundle and strings.eqlComptime(name, "id") and identifier_opts.assign_target == .none) {
                            // inline module.id
                            p.ignoreUsage(p.module_ref);
                            return p.newExpr(E.String.init(p.source.path.pretty), name_loc);
                        } else if (p.options.bundle and strings.eqlComptime(name, "filename") and identifier_opts.assign_target == .none) {
                            // inline module.filename
                            p.ignoreUsage(p.module_ref);
                            return p.newExpr(E.String.init(p.source.path.name.filename), name_loc);
                        } else if (p.options.bundle and strings.eqlComptime(name, "path") and identifier_opts.assign_target == .none) {
                            // inline module.path
                            p.ignoreUsage(p.module_ref);
                            return p.newExpr(E.String.init(p.source.path.pretty), name_loc);
                        }
                    }

                    if (p.shouldUnwrapCommonJSToESM()) {
                        if (!p.is_control_flow_dead and id.ref.eql(p.exports_ref)) {
                            if (!p.commonjs_named_exports_deoptimized) {
                                if (identifier_opts.is_delete_target) {
                                    p.deoptimizeCommonJSNamedExports();
                                    return null;
                                }

                                const named_export_entry = p.commonjs_named_exports.getOrPut(p.allocator, name) catch unreachable;
                                if (!named_export_entry.found_existing) {
                                    const new_ref = p.newSymbol(
                                        .other,
                                        std.fmt.allocPrint(p.allocator, "${any}", .{bun.fmt.fmtIdentifier(name)}) catch unreachable,
                                    ) catch unreachable;
                                    p.module_scope.generated.push(p.allocator, new_ref) catch unreachable;
                                    named_export_entry.value_ptr.* = .{
                                        .loc_ref = LocRef{
                                            .loc = name_loc,
                                            .ref = new_ref,
                                        },
                                        .needs_decl = true,
                                    };
                                    if (p.commonjs_named_exports_needs_conversion == std.math.maxInt(u32))
                                        p.commonjs_named_exports_needs_conversion = @as(u32, @truncate(p.commonjs_named_exports.count() - 1));
                                }

                                const ref = named_export_entry.value_ptr.*.loc_ref.ref.?;
                                p.ignoreUsage(id.ref);
                                p.recordUsage(ref);

                                return p.newExpr(
                                    E.CommonJSExportIdentifier{
                                        .ref = ref,
                                    },
                                    name_loc,
                                );
                            } else if (p.options.features.commonjs_at_runtime and identifier_opts.assign_target != .none) {
                                p.has_commonjs_export_names = true;
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    // Handle references to namespaces or namespace members
                    if (p.ts_namespace.expr == .e_identifier and
                        id.ref.eql(p.ts_namespace.expr.e_identifier.ref) and
                        identifier_opts.assign_target == .none and
                        !identifier_opts.is_delete_target)
                    {
                        return p.maybeRewritePropertyAccessForNamespace(name, &target, loc, name_loc);
                    }
                },
                .e_string => |str| {
                    if (p.options.features.minify_syntax) {
                        // minify "long-string".length to 11
                        if (strings.eqlComptime(name, "length")) {
                            if (str.javascriptLength()) |len| {
                                return p.newExpr(E.Number{ .value = @floatFromInt(len) }, loc);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                .e_inlined_enum => |ie| {
                    continue :sw ie.value.data;
                },
                .e_object => |obj| {
                    if (comptime FeatureFlags.inline_properties_in_transpiler) {
                        if (p.options.features.minify_syntax) {
                            // Rewrite a property access like this:
                            //   { f: () => {} }.f
                            // To:
                            //   () => {}
                            //
                            // To avoid thinking too much about edgecases, only do this for:
                            //   1) Objects with a single property
                            //   2) Not a method, not a computed property
                            if (obj.properties.len == 1 and
                                !identifier_opts.is_delete_target and
                                identifier_opts.assign_target == .none and !identifier_opts.is_call_target)
                            {
                                const prop: G.Property = obj.properties.ptr[0];
                                if (prop.value != null and
                                    prop.flags.count() == 0 and
                                    prop.key != null and
                                    prop.key.?.data == .e_string and
                                    prop.key.?.data.e_string.eql([]const u8, name) and
                                    !bun.strings.eqlComptime(name, "__proto__"))
                                {
                                    return prop.value.?;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                .e_import_meta => {
                    if (strings.eqlComptime(name, "main")) {
                        return p.valueForImportMetaMain(false, target.loc);
                    }

                    if (strings.eqlComptime(name, "hot")) {
                        return .{ .data = .{
                            .e_special = if (p.options.features.hot_module_reloading) .hot_enabled else .hot_disabled,
                        }, .loc = loc };
                    }

                    // Make all property accesses on `import.meta.url` side effect free.
                    return p.newExpr(
                        E.Dot{
                            .target = target,
                            .name = name,
                            .name_loc = name_loc,
                            .can_be_removed_if_unused = true,
                        },
                        target.loc,
                    );
                },
                .e_require_call_target => {
                    if (strings.eqlComptime(name, "main")) {
                        return .{ .loc = loc, .data = .e_require_main };
                    }
                },
                .e_import_identifier => |id| {
                    // Symbol uses due to a property access off of an imported symbol are tracked
                    // specially. This lets us do tree shaking for cross-file TypeScript enums.
                    if (p.options.bundle and !p.is_control_flow_dead) {
                        const use = p.symbol_uses.getPtr(id.ref).?;
                        use.count_estimate -|= 1;
                        // note: this use is not removed as we assume it exists later

                        // Add a special symbol use instead
                        const gop = p.import_symbol_property_uses.getOrPutValue(
                            p.allocator,
                            id.ref,
                            .{},
                        ) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                        const inner_use = gop.value_ptr.getOrPutValue(
                            p.allocator,
                            name,
                            .{},
                        ) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                        inner_use.value_ptr.count_estimate += 1;
                    }
                },
                inline .e_dot, .e_index => |data, tag| {
                    if (p.ts_namespace.expr == tag and
                        data == @field(p.ts_namespace.expr, @tagName(tag)) and
                        identifier_opts.assign_target == .none and
                        !identifier_opts.is_delete_target)
                    {
                        return p.maybeRewritePropertyAccessForNamespace(name, &target, loc, name_loc);
                    }
                },
                .e_special => |special| switch (special) {
                    .module_exports => {
                        if (p.shouldUnwrapCommonJSToESM()) {
                            if (!p.is_control_flow_dead) {
                                if (!p.commonjs_named_exports_deoptimized) {
                                    if (identifier_opts.is_delete_target) {
                                        p.deoptimizeCommonJSNamedExports();
                                        return null;
                                    }

                                    const named_export_entry = p.commonjs_named_exports.getOrPut(p.allocator, name) catch unreachable;
                                    if (!named_export_entry.found_existing) {
                                        const new_ref = p.newSymbol(
                                            .other,
                                            std.fmt.allocPrint(p.allocator, "${any}", .{bun.fmt.fmtIdentifier(name)}) catch unreachable,
                                        ) catch unreachable;
                                        p.module_scope.generated.push(p.allocator, new_ref) catch unreachable;
                                        named_export_entry.value_ptr.* = .{
                                            .loc_ref = LocRef{
                                                .loc = name_loc,
                                                .ref = new_ref,
                                            },
                                            .needs_decl = true,
                                        };
                                        if (p.commonjs_named_exports_needs_conversion == std.math.maxInt(u32))
                                            p.commonjs_named_exports_needs_conversion = @as(u32, @truncate(p.commonjs_named_exports.count() - 1));
                                    }

                                    const ref = named_export_entry.value_ptr.*.loc_ref.ref.?;
                                    p.recordUsage(ref);

                                    return p.newExpr(
                                        E.CommonJSExportIdentifier{
                                            .ref = ref,
                                            // Record this as from module.exports
                                            .base = .module_dot_exports,
                                        },
                                        name_loc,
                                    );
                                } else if (p.options.features.commonjs_at_runtime and identifier_opts.assign_target != .none) {
                                    p.has_commonjs_export_names = true;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .hot_enabled, .hot_disabled => {
                        const enabled = p.options.features.hot_module_reloading;
                        if (bun.strings.eqlComptime(name, "data")) {
                            return if (enabled)
                                .{ .data = .{ .e_special = .hot_data }, .loc = loc }
                            else
                                Expr.init(E.Object, .{}, loc);
                        }
                        if (bun.strings.eqlComptime(name, "accept")) {
                            if (!enabled) {
                                p.method_call_must_be_replaced_with_undefined = true;
                                return .{ .data = .e_undefined, .loc = loc };
                            }
                            return .{ .data = .{
                                .e_special = .hot_accept,
                            }, .loc = loc };
                        }
                        const lookup_table = comptime bun.ComptimeStringMap(void, [_]struct { [:0]const u8, void }{
                            .{ "decline", {} },
                            .{ "dispose", {} },
                            .{ "prune", {} },
                            .{ "invalidate", {} },
                            .{ "on", {} },
                            .{ "off", {} },
                            .{ "send", {} },
                        });
                        if (lookup_table.has(name)) {
                            if (enabled) {
                                return Expr.init(E.Dot, .{
                                    .target = Expr.initIdentifier(p.hmr_api_ref, target.loc),
                                    .name = name,
                                    .name_loc = name_loc,
                                }, loc);
                            } else {
                                p.method_call_must_be_replaced_with_undefined = true;
                                return .{ .data = .e_undefined, .loc = loc };
                            }
                        } else {
                            // This error is a bit out of place since the HMR
                            // API is validated in the parser instead of at
                            // runtime. When the API is not validated in this
                            // way, the developer may unintentionally read or
                            // write internal fields of HMRModule.
                            p.log.addError(
                                p.source,
                                loc,
                                std.fmt.allocPrint(
                                    p.allocator,
                                    "import.meta.hot.{s} does not exist",
                                    .{name},
                                ) catch bun.outOfMemory(),
                            ) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                            return .{ .data = .e_undefined, .loc = loc };
                        }
                    },
                    else => {},
                },
                else => {},
            }

            return null;
        }

        fn maybeRewritePropertyAccessForNamespace(
            p: *P,
            name: string,
            target: *const Expr,
            loc: logger.Loc,
            name_loc: logger.Loc,
        ) ?Expr {
            if (p.ts_namespace.map.?.get(name)) |value| {
                switch (value.data) {
                    .enum_number => |num| {
                        p.ignoreUsageOfIdentifierInDotChain(target.*);
                        return p.wrapInlinedEnum(
                            .{ .loc = loc, .data = .{ .e_number = .{ .value = num } } },
                            name,
                        );
                    },

                    .enum_string => |str| {
                        p.ignoreUsageOfIdentifierInDotChain(target.*);
                        return p.wrapInlinedEnum(
                            .{ .loc = loc, .data = .{ .e_string = str } },
                            name,
                        );
                    },

                    .namespace => |namespace| {
                        // If this isn't a constant, return a clone of this property access
                        // but with the namespace member data associated with it so that
                        // more property accesses off of this property access are recognized.
                        const expr = if (js_lexer.isIdentifier(name))
                            p.newExpr(E.Dot{
                                .target = target.*,
                                .name = name,
                                .name_loc = name_loc,
                            }, loc)
                        else
                            p.newExpr(E.Dot{
                                .target = target.*,
                                .name = name,
                                .name_loc = name_loc,
                            }, loc);

                        p.ts_namespace = .{
                            .expr = expr.data,
                            .map = namespace,
                        };

                        return expr;
                    },

                    else => {},
                }
            }

            return null;
        }

        pub fn ignoreUsage(p: *P, ref: Ref) void {
            if (!p.is_control_flow_dead and !p.is_revisit_for_substitution) {
                if (comptime Environment.allow_assert) assert(@as(usize, ref.innerIndex()) < p.symbols.items.len);
                p.symbols.items[ref.innerIndex()].use_count_estimate -|= 1;
                var use = p.symbol_uses.get(ref) orelse return;
                use.count_estimate -|= 1;
                if (use.count_estimate == 0) {
                    _ = p.symbol_uses.swapRemove(ref);
                } else {
                    p.symbol_uses.putAssumeCapacity(ref, use);
                }
            }

            // Don't roll back the "tsUseCounts" increment. This must be counted even if
            // the value is ignored because that's what the TypeScript compiler does.
        }

        pub fn ignoreUsageOfIdentifierInDotChain(p: *P, expr: Expr) void {
            var current = expr;
            while (true) {
                switch (current.data) {
                    .e_identifier => |id| {
                        p.ignoreUsage(id.ref);
                    },
                    .e_dot => |dot| {
                        current = dot.target;
                        continue;
                    },
                    .e_index => |index| {
                        if (index.index.isString()) {
                            current = index.target;
                            continue;
                        }
                    },
                    else => return,
                }

                return;
            }
        }

        fn visitAndAppendStmt(p: *P, stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), stmt: *Stmt) anyerror!void {
            // By default any statement ends the const local prefix
            const was_after_after_const_local_prefix = p.current_scope.is_after_const_local_prefix;
            p.current_scope.is_after_const_local_prefix = true;

            switch (@as(Stmt.Tag, stmt.data)) {
                .s_directive, .s_comment, .s_empty => {
                    p.current_scope.is_after_const_local_prefix = was_after_after_const_local_prefix;
                    try stmts.append(stmt.*);
                },
                .s_type_script => {
                    p.current_scope.is_after_const_local_prefix = was_after_after_const_local_prefix;
                    return;
                },
                .s_debugger => {
                    p.current_scope.is_after_const_local_prefix = was_after_after_const_local_prefix;
                    if (p.define.drop_debugger) {
                        return;
                    }
                    try stmts.append(stmt.*);
                },

                inline .s_enum, .s_local => |tag| return @field(visitors, @tagName(tag))(p, stmts, stmt, @field(stmt.data, @tagName(tag)), was_after_after_const_local_prefix),
                inline else => |tag| return @field(visitors, @tagName(tag))(p, stmts, stmt, @field(stmt.data, @tagName(tag))),

                // Only used by the bundler for lazy export ASTs.
                .s_lazy_export => unreachable,
            }
        }

        const visitors = struct {
            pub fn s_import(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.Import) !void {
                try p.recordDeclaredSymbol(data.namespace_ref);

                if (data.default_name) |default_name| {
                    try p.recordDeclaredSymbol(default_name.ref.?);
                }

                if (data.items.len > 0) {
                    for (data.items) |*item| {
                        try p.recordDeclaredSymbol(item.name.ref.?);
                    }
                }

                try stmts.append(stmt.*);
            }
            pub fn s_export_clause(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.ExportClause) !void {
                // "export {foo}"
                var end: usize = 0;
                var any_replaced = false;
                if (p.options.features.replace_exports.count() > 0) {
                    for (data.items) |*item| {
                        const name = p.loadNameFromRef(item.name.ref.?);

                        const symbol = try p.findSymbol(item.alias_loc, name);
                        const ref = symbol.ref;

                        if (p.options.features.replace_exports.getPtr(name)) |entry| {
                            if (entry.* != .replace) p.ignoreUsage(symbol.ref);
                            _ = p.injectReplacementExport(stmts, symbol.ref, stmt.loc, entry);
                            any_replaced = true;
                            continue;
                        }

                        if (p.symbols.items[ref.innerIndex()].kind == .unbound) {
                            // Silently strip exports of non-local symbols in TypeScript, since
                            // those likely correspond to type-only exports. But report exports of
                            // non-local symbols as errors in JavaScript.
                            if (!is_typescript_enabled) {
                                const r = js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, item.name.loc);
                                try p.log.addRangeErrorFmt(p.source, r, p.allocator, "\"{s}\" is not declared in this file", .{name});
                            }
                            continue;
                        }

                        item.name.ref = ref;
                        data.items[end] = item.*;
                        end += 1;
                    }
                } else {
                    for (data.items) |*item| {
                        const name = p.loadNameFromRef(item.name.ref.?);
                        const symbol = try p.findSymbol(item.alias_loc, name);
                        const ref = symbol.ref;

                        if (p.symbols.items[ref.innerIndex()].kind == .unbound) {
                            // Silently strip exports of non-local symbols in TypeScript, since
                            // those likely correspond to type-only exports. But report exports of
                            // non-local symbols as errors in JavaScript.
                            if (!is_typescript_enabled) {
                                const r = js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, item.name.loc);
                                try p.log.addRangeErrorFmt(p.source, r, p.allocator, "\"{s}\" is not declared in this file", .{name});
                                continue;
                            }
                            continue;
                        }

                        item.name.ref = ref;
                        data.items[end] = item.*;
                        end += 1;
                    }
                }

                const remove_for_tree_shaking = any_replaced and end == 0 and data.items.len > 0 and p.options.tree_shaking;
                data.items.len = end;

                if (remove_for_tree_shaking) {
                    return;
                }

                try stmts.append(stmt.*);
            }
            pub fn s_export_from(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.ExportFrom) !void {

                // "export {foo} from 'path'"
                const name = p.loadNameFromRef(data.namespace_ref);

                data.namespace_ref = try p.newSymbol(.other, name);
                try p.current_scope.generated.push(p.allocator, data.namespace_ref);
                try p.recordDeclaredSymbol(data.namespace_ref);

                if (p.options.features.replace_exports.count() > 0) {
                    var j: usize = 0;
                    // This is a re-export and the symbols created here are used to reference
                    for (data.items) |item| {
                        const old_ref = item.name.ref.?;

                        if (p.options.features.replace_exports.count() > 0) {
                            if (p.options.features.replace_exports.getPtr(item.alias)) |entry| {
                                _ = p.injectReplacementExport(stmts, old_ref, logger.Loc.Empty, entry);

                                continue;
                            }
                        }

                        const _name = p.loadNameFromRef(old_ref);

                        const ref = try p.newSymbol(.import, _name);
                        try p.current_scope.generated.push(p.allocator, ref);
                        try p.recordDeclaredSymbol(ref);
                        data.items[j] = item;
                        data.items[j].name.ref = ref;
                        j += 1;
                    }

                    data.items.len = j;

                    if (j == 0 and data.items.len > 0) {
                        return;
                    }
                } else {
                    // This is a re-export and the symbols created here are used to reference
                    for (data.items) |*item| {
                        const _name = p.loadNameFromRef(item.name.ref.?);
                        const ref = try p.newSymbol(.import, _name);
                        try p.current_scope.generated.push(p.allocator, ref);
                        try p.recordDeclaredSymbol(ref);
                        item.name.ref = ref;
                    }
                }

                try stmts.append(stmt.*);
            }
            pub fn s_export_star(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.ExportStar) !void {

                // "export * from 'path'"
                const name = p.loadNameFromRef(data.namespace_ref);
                data.namespace_ref = try p.newSymbol(.other, name);
                try p.current_scope.generated.push(p.allocator, data.namespace_ref);
                try p.recordDeclaredSymbol(data.namespace_ref);

                // "export * as ns from 'path'"
                if (data.alias) |alias| {
                    if (p.options.features.replace_exports.count() > 0) {
                        if (p.options.features.replace_exports.getPtr(alias.original_name)) |entry| {
                            _ = p.injectReplacementExport(stmts, p.declareSymbol(.other, logger.Loc.Empty, alias.original_name) catch unreachable, logger.Loc.Empty, entry);
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                }

                try stmts.append(stmt.*);
            }
            pub fn s_export_default(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.ExportDefault) !void {
                defer {
                    if (data.default_name.ref) |ref| {
                        p.recordDeclaredSymbol(ref) catch unreachable;
                    }
                }

                var mark_for_replace: bool = false;

                const orig_dead = p.is_control_flow_dead;
                if (p.options.features.replace_exports.count() > 0) {
                    if (p.options.features.replace_exports.getPtr("default")) |entry| {
                        p.is_control_flow_dead = p.options.features.dead_code_elimination and (entry.* != .replace);
                        mark_for_replace = true;
                    }
                }

                defer {
                    p.is_control_flow_dead = orig_dead;
                }

                switch (data.value) {
                    .expr => |expr| {
                        const was_anonymous_named_expr = expr.isAnonymousNamed();

                        data.value.expr = p.visitExpr(expr);

                        if (p.is_control_flow_dead) {
                            return;
                        }

                        // Optionally preserve the name

                        data.value.expr = p.maybeKeepExprSymbolName(data.value.expr, js_ast.ClauseItem.default_alias, was_anonymous_named_expr);

                        // Discard type-only export default statements
                        if (is_typescript_enabled) {
                            switch (data.value.expr.data) {
                                .e_identifier => |ident| {
                                    if (!ident.ref.isSourceContentsSlice()) {
                                        const symbol = p.symbols.items[ident.ref.innerIndex()];
                                        if (symbol.kind == .unbound) {
                                            if (p.local_type_names.get(symbol.original_name)) |local_type| {
                                                if (local_type) {
                                                    // the name points to a type
                                                    // don't try to declare this symbol
                                                    data.default_name.ref = null;
                                                    return;
                                                }
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                },
                                else => {},
                            }
                        }

                        if (data.default_name.ref.?.isSourceContentsSlice()) {
                            data.default_name = createDefaultName(p, data.value.expr.loc) catch unreachable;
                        }

                        if (p.options.features.react_fast_refresh and switch (data.value.expr.data) {
                            .e_arrow => true,
                            .e_call => |call| switch (call.target.data) {
                                .e_identifier => |id| id.ref == p.react_refresh.latest_signature_ref,
                                else => false,
                            },
                            else => false,
                        }) {
                            // declare a temporary ref for this
                            const temp_id = p.generateTempRef("default_export");
                            try p.current_scope.generated.push(p.allocator, temp_id);

                            try stmts.append(Stmt.alloc(S.Local, .{
                                .kind = .k_const,
                                .decls = try G.Decl.List.fromSlice(p.allocator, &.{
                                    .{
                                        .binding = Binding.alloc(p.allocator, B.Identifier{ .ref = temp_id }, stmt.loc),
                                        .value = data.value.expr,
                                    },
                                }),
                            }, stmt.loc));

                            data.value = .{ .expr = .initIdentifier(temp_id, stmt.loc) };

                            try p.emitReactRefreshRegister(stmts, "default", temp_id, .default);
                        }

                        if (p.options.features.server_components.wrapsExports()) {
                            data.value.expr = p.wrapValueForServerComponentReference(data.value.expr, "default");
                        }

                        // If there are lowered "using" declarations, change this into a "var"
                        if (p.current_scope.parent == null and p.will_wrap_module_in_try_catch_for_using) {
                            try stmts.ensureUnusedCapacity(2);

                            const decls = p.allocator.alloc(G.Decl, 1) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                            decls[0] = .{
                                .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = data.default_name.ref.? }, data.default_name.loc),
                                .value = data.value.expr,
                            };
                            stmts.appendAssumeCapacity(p.s(S.Local{
                                .decls = G.Decl.List.init(decls),
                            }, stmt.loc));
                            const items = p.allocator.alloc(js_ast.ClauseItem, 1) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                            items[0] = js_ast.ClauseItem{
                                .alias = "default",
                                .alias_loc = data.default_name.loc,
                                .name = data.default_name,
                            };
                            stmts.appendAssumeCapacity(p.s(S.ExportClause{
                                .items = items,
                                .is_single_line = false,
                            }, stmt.loc));
                        }

                        if (mark_for_replace) {
                            const entry = p.options.features.replace_exports.getPtr("default").?;
                            if (entry.* == .replace) {
                                data.value.expr = entry.replace;
                            } else {
                                _ = p.injectReplacementExport(stmts, Ref.None, logger.Loc.Empty, entry);
                                return;
                            }
                        }
                    },

                    .stmt => |s2| switch (s2.data) {
                        .s_function => |func| {
                            const name = if (func.func.name) |func_loc|
                                p.loadNameFromRef(func_loc.ref.?)
                            else name: {
                                func.func.name = data.default_name;
                                break :name js_ast.ClauseItem.default_alias;
                            };

                            var react_hook_data: ?ReactRefresh.HookContext = null;
                            const prev = p.react_refresh.hook_ctx_storage;
                            defer p.react_refresh.hook_ctx_storage = prev;
                            p.react_refresh.hook_ctx_storage = &react_hook_data;

                            func.func = p.visitFunc(func.func, func.func.open_parens_loc);

                            if (p.is_control_flow_dead) {
                                return;
                            }

                            if (data.default_name.ref.?.isSourceContentsSlice()) {
                                data.default_name = createDefaultName(p, stmt.loc) catch unreachable;
                            }

                            if (react_hook_data) |*hook| {
                                stmts.append(p.getReactRefreshHookSignalDecl(hook.signature_cb)) catch bun.outOfMemory();

                                data.value = .{
                                    .expr = p.getReactRefreshHookSignalInit(hook, p.newExpr(
                                        E.Function{ .func = func.func },
                                        stmt.loc,
                                    )),
                                };
                            }

                            if (mark_for_replace) {
                                const entry = p.options.features.replace_exports.getPtr("default").?;
                                if (entry.* == .replace) {
                                    data.value = .{ .expr = entry.replace };
                                } else {
                                    _ = p.injectReplacementExport(stmts, Ref.None, logger.Loc.Empty, entry);
                                    return;
                                }
                            }

                            if (p.options.features.react_fast_refresh and
                                (ReactRefresh.isComponentishName(name) or bun.strings.eqlComptime(name, "default")))
                            {
                                // If server components or react refresh had wrapped the value (convert to .expr)
                                // then a temporary variable must be emitted.
                                //
                                // > export default _s(function App() { ... }, "...")
                                // > $RefreshReg(App, "App.tsx:default")
                                //
                                // > const default_export = _s(function App() { ... }, "...")
                                // > export default default_export;
                                // > $RefreshReg(default_export, "App.tsx:default")
                                const ref = if (data.value == .expr) emit_temp_var: {
                                    const temp_id = p.generateTempRef("default_export");
                                    try p.current_scope.generated.push(p.allocator, temp_id);

                                    stmts.append(Stmt.alloc(S.Local, .{
                                        .kind = .k_const,
                                        .decls = try G.Decl.List.fromSlice(p.allocator, &.{
                                            .{
                                                .binding = Binding.alloc(p.allocator, B.Identifier{ .ref = temp_id }, stmt.loc),
                                                .value = data.value.expr,
                                            },
                                        }),
                                    }, stmt.loc)) catch bun.outOfMemory();

                                    data.value = .{ .expr = .initIdentifier(temp_id, stmt.loc) };

                                    break :emit_temp_var temp_id;
                                } else data.default_name.ref.?;

                                if (p.options.features.server_components.wrapsExports()) {
                                    data.value = .{ .expr = p.wrapValueForServerComponentReference(if (data.value == .expr) data.value.expr else p.newExpr(E.Function{ .func = func.func }, stmt.loc), "default") };
                                }

                                try stmts.append(stmt.*);
                                try p.emitReactRefreshRegister(stmts, name, ref, .default);
                            } else {
                                if (p.options.features.server_components.wrapsExports()) {
                                    data.value = .{ .expr = p.wrapValueForServerComponentReference(p.newExpr(E.Function{ .func = func.func }, stmt.loc), "default") };
                                }

                                try stmts.append(stmt.*);
                            }

                            // if (func.func.name != null and func.func.name.?.ref != null) {
                            //     stmts.append(p.keepStmtSymbolName(func.func.name.?.loc, func.func.name.?.ref.?, name)) catch unreachable;
                            // }
                            return;
                        },
                        .s_class => |class| {
                            _ = p.visitClass(s2.loc, &class.class, data.default_name.ref.?);

                            if (p.is_control_flow_dead)
                                return;

                            if (mark_for_replace) {
                                const entry = p.options.features.replace_exports.getPtr("default").?;
                                if (entry.* == .replace) {
                                    data.value = .{ .expr = entry.replace };
                                } else {
                                    _ = p.injectReplacementExport(stmts, Ref.None, logger.Loc.Empty, entry);
                                    return;
                                }
                            }

                            if (data.default_name.ref.?.isSourceContentsSlice()) {
                                data.default_name = createDefaultName(p, stmt.loc) catch unreachable;
                            }

                            // We only inject a name into classes when there is a decorator
                            if (class.class.has_decorators) {
                                if (class.class.class_name == null or
                                    class.class.class_name.?.ref == null)
                                {
                                    class.class.class_name = data.default_name;
                                }
                            }

                            // This is to handle TS decorators, mostly.
                            var class_stmts = p.lowerClass(.{ .stmt = s2 });
                            bun.assert(class_stmts[0].data == .s_class);

                            if (class_stmts.len > 1) {
                                data.value.stmt = class_stmts[0];
                                stmts.append(stmt.*) catch {};
                                stmts.appendSlice(class_stmts[1..]) catch {};
                            } else {
                                data.value.stmt = class_stmts[0];
                                stmts.append(stmt.*) catch {};
                            }

                            if (p.options.features.server_components.wrapsExports()) {
                                data.value = .{ .expr = p.wrapValueForServerComponentReference(p.newExpr(class.class, stmt.loc), "default") };
                            }

                            return;
                        },
                        else => {},
                    },
                }

                try stmts.append(stmt.*);
            }
            pub fn s_function(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.Function) !void {
                // We mark it as dead, but the value may not actually be dead
                // We just want to be sure to not increment the usage counts for anything in the function
                const mark_as_dead = p.options.features.dead_code_elimination and data.func.flags.contains(.is_export) and
                    p.options.features.replace_exports.count() > 0 and p.isExportToEliminate(data.func.name.?.ref.?);
                const original_is_dead = p.is_control_flow_dead;

                if (mark_as_dead) {
                    p.is_control_flow_dead = true;
                }
                defer {
                    if (mark_as_dead) {
                        p.is_control_flow_dead = original_is_dead;
                    }
                }

                var react_hook_data: ?ReactRefresh.HookContext = null;
                const prev = p.react_refresh.hook_ctx_storage;
                defer p.react_refresh.hook_ctx_storage = prev;
                p.react_refresh.hook_ctx_storage = &react_hook_data;

                data.func = p.visitFunc(data.func, data.func.open_parens_loc);

                const name_ref = data.func.name.?.ref.?;
                bun.assert(name_ref.tag == .symbol);
                const name_symbol = &p.symbols.items[name_ref.innerIndex()];
                const original_name = name_symbol.original_name;

                // Handle exporting this function from a namespace
                if (data.func.flags.contains(.is_export) and p.enclosing_namespace_arg_ref != null) {
                    data.func.flags.remove(.is_export);

                    const enclosing_namespace_arg_ref = p.enclosing_namespace_arg_ref orelse bun.outOfMemory();
                    stmts.ensureUnusedCapacity(3) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                    stmts.appendAssumeCapacity(stmt.*);
                    stmts.appendAssumeCapacity(Stmt.assign(
                        p.newExpr(E.Dot{
                            .target = p.newExpr(E.Identifier{ .ref = enclosing_namespace_arg_ref }, stmt.loc),
                            .name = original_name,
                            .name_loc = data.func.name.?.loc,
                        }, stmt.loc),
                        p.newExpr(E.Identifier{ .ref = data.func.name.?.ref.? }, data.func.name.?.loc),
                    ));
                } else if (!mark_as_dead) {
                    if (name_symbol.remove_overwritten_function_declaration) {
                        return;
                    }

                    if (p.options.features.server_components.wrapsExports() and data.func.flags.contains(.is_export)) {
                        // Convert this into `export var <name> = registerClientReference(<func>, ...);`
                        const name = data.func.name.?;
                        // From the inner scope, have code reference the wrapped function.
                        data.func.name = null;
                        try stmts.append(p.s(S.Local{
                            .kind = .k_var,
                            .is_export = true,
                            .decls = try G.Decl.List.fromSlice(p.allocator, &.{.{
                                .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = name_ref }, name.loc),
                                .value = p.wrapValueForServerComponentReference(
                                    p.newExpr(E.Function{ .func = data.func }, stmt.loc),
                                    original_name,
                                ),
                            }}),
                        }, stmt.loc));
                    } else {
                        stmts.append(stmt.*) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                    }
                } else if (mark_as_dead) {
                    if (p.options.features.replace_exports.getPtr(original_name)) |replacement| {
                        _ = p.injectReplacementExport(stmts, name_ref, data.func.name.?.loc, replacement);
                    }
                }

                if (p.options.features.react_fast_refresh) {
                    if (react_hook_data) |*hook| {
                        try stmts.append(p.getReactRefreshHookSignalDecl(hook.signature_cb));
                        try stmts.append(p.s(S.SExpr{
                            .value = p.getReactRefreshHookSignalInit(hook, Expr.initIdentifier(name_ref, logger.Loc.Empty)),
                        }, logger.Loc.Empty));
                    }

                    if (p.current_scope == p.module_scope) {
                        try p.handleReactRefreshRegister(stmts, original_name, name_ref, .named);
                    }
                }

                return;
            }

            pub fn s_class(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.Class) !void {
                const mark_as_dead = p.options.features.dead_code_elimination and data.is_export and
                    p.options.features.replace_exports.count() > 0 and p.isExportToEliminate(data.class.class_name.?.ref.?);
                const original_is_dead = p.is_control_flow_dead;

                if (mark_as_dead) {
                    p.is_control_flow_dead = true;
                }
                defer {
                    if (mark_as_dead) {
                        p.is_control_flow_dead = original_is_dead;
                    }
                }

                _ = p.visitClass(stmt.loc, &data.class, Ref.None);

                // Remove the export flag inside a namespace
                const was_export_inside_namespace = data.is_export and p.enclosing_namespace_arg_ref != null;
                if (was_export_inside_namespace) {
                    data.is_export = false;
                }

                const lowered = p.lowerClass(js_ast.StmtOrExpr{ .stmt = stmt.* });

                if (!mark_as_dead or was_export_inside_namespace)
                    // Lower class field syntax for browsers that don't support it
                    stmts.appendSlice(lowered) catch unreachable
                else {
                    const ref = data.class.class_name.?.ref.?;
                    if (p.options.features.replace_exports.getPtr(p.loadNameFromRef(ref))) |replacement| {
                        if (p.injectReplacementExport(stmts, ref, data.class.class_name.?.loc, replacement)) {
                            p.is_control_flow_dead = original_is_dead;
                        }
                    }
                }

                // Handle exporting this class from a namespace
                if (was_export_inside_namespace) {
                    stmts.append(
                        Stmt.assign(
                            p.newExpr(
                                E.Dot{
                                    .target = p.newExpr(
                                        E.Identifier{ .ref = p.enclosing_namespace_arg_ref.? },
                                        stmt.loc,
                                    ),
                                    .name = p.symbols.items[data.class.class_name.?.ref.?.innerIndex()].original_name,
                                    .name_loc = data.class.class_name.?.loc,
                                },
                                stmt.loc,
                            ),
                            p.newExpr(
                                E.Identifier{ .ref = data.class.class_name.?.ref.? },
                                data.class.class_name.?.loc,
                            ),
                        ),
                    ) catch unreachable;
                }

                return;
            }
            pub fn s_export_equals(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.ExportEquals) !void {
                // "module.exports = value"
                stmts.append(
                    Stmt.assign(
                        p.@"module.exports"(stmt.loc),
                        p.visitExpr(data.value),
                    ),
                ) catch unreachable;
                p.recordUsage(p.module_ref);
                return;
            }
            pub fn s_break(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.Break) !void {
                if (data.label) |*label| {
                    const name = p.loadNameFromRef(label.ref orelse p.panicLoc("Expected label to have a ref", .{}, label.loc));
                    const res = p.findLabelSymbol(label.loc, name);
                    if (res.found) {
                        label.ref = res.ref;
                    } else {
                        data.label = null;
                    }
                } else if (!p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit.is_inside_loop and !p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit.is_inside_switch) {
                    const r = js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, stmt.loc);
                    p.log.addRangeError(p.source, r, "Cannot use \"break\" here") catch unreachable;
                }

                try stmts.append(stmt.*);
            }
            pub fn s_continue(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.Continue) !void {
                if (data.label) |*label| {
                    const name = p.loadNameFromRef(label.ref orelse p.panicLoc("Expected continue label to have a ref", .{}, label.loc));
                    const res = p.findLabelSymbol(label.loc, name);
                    label.ref = res.ref;
                    if (res.found and !res.is_loop) {
                        const r = js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, stmt.loc);
                        p.log.addRangeErrorFmt(p.source, r, p.allocator, "Cannot \"continue\" to label {s}", .{name}) catch unreachable;
                    }
                } else if (!p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit.is_inside_loop) {
                    const r = js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, stmt.loc);
                    p.log.addRangeError(p.source, r, "Cannot use \"continue\" here") catch unreachable;
                }

                try stmts.append(stmt.*);
            }
            pub fn s_label(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.Label) !void {
                p.pushScopeForVisitPass(.label, stmt.loc) catch unreachable;
                const name = p.loadNameFromRef(data.name.ref.?);
                const ref = p.newSymbol(.label, name) catch unreachable;
                data.name.ref = ref;
                p.current_scope.label_ref = ref;
                switch (data.stmt.data) {
                    .s_for, .s_for_in, .s_for_of, .s_while, .s_do_while => {
                        p.current_scope.label_stmt_is_loop = true;
                    },
                    else => {},
                }

                data.stmt = p.visitSingleStmt(data.stmt, StmtsKind.none);
                p.popScope();

                try stmts.append(stmt.*);
            }
            pub fn s_local(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.Local, was_after_after_const_local_prefix: bool) !void {
                // TODO: Silently remove unsupported top-level "await" in dead code branches
                // (this was from 'await using' syntax)

                // Local statements do not end the const local prefix
                p.current_scope.is_after_const_local_prefix = was_after_after_const_local_prefix;

                const decls_len = if (!(data.is_export and p.options.features.replace_exports.entries.len > 0))
                    p.visitDecls(data.decls.slice(), data.kind == .k_const, false)
                else
                    p.visitDecls(data.decls.slice(), data.kind == .k_const, true);

                const is_now_dead = data.decls.len > 0 and decls_len == 0;
                if (is_now_dead) {
                    return;
                }

                data.decls.len = @as(u32, @truncate(decls_len));

                // Handle being exported inside a namespace
                if (data.is_export and p.enclosing_namespace_arg_ref != null) {
                    for (data.decls.slice()) |*d| {
                        if (d.value) |val| {
                            p.recordUsage((p.enclosing_namespace_arg_ref orelse unreachable));
                            // TODO: is it necessary to lowerAssign? why does esbuild do it _most_ of the time?
                            stmts.append(p.s(S.SExpr{
                                .value = Expr.assign(Binding.toExpr(&d.binding, p.to_expr_wrapper_namespace), val),
                            }, stmt.loc)) catch unreachable;
                        }
                    }

                    return;
                }

                // Optimization: Avoid unnecessary "using" machinery by changing ones
                // initialized to "null" or "undefined" into a normal variable. Note that
                // "await using" still needs the "await", so we can't do it for those.
                if (p.options.features.minify_syntax and data.kind == .k_using) {
                    data.kind = .k_let;
                    for (data.decls.slice()) |*d| {
                        if (d.value) |val| {
                            if (val.data != .e_null and val.data != .e_undefined) {
                                data.kind = .k_using;
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                // We must relocate vars in order to safely handle removing if/else depending on NODE_ENV.
                // Edgecase:
                //  `export var` is skipped because it's unnecessary. That *should* be a noop, but it loses the `is_export` flag if we're in HMR.
                const kind = p.selectLocalKind(data.kind);
                if (kind == .k_var and !data.is_export) {
                    const relocated = p.maybeRelocateVarsToTopLevel(data.decls.slice(), .normal);
                    if (relocated.ok) {
                        if (relocated.stmt) |new_stmt| {
                            stmts.append(new_stmt) catch unreachable;
                        }

                        return;
                    }
                }

                data.kind = kind;
                try stmts.append(stmt.*);

                if (p.options.features.react_fast_refresh and p.current_scope == p.module_scope) {
                    for (data.decls.slice()) |decl| try_register: {
                        const val = decl.value orelse break :try_register;
                        switch (val.data) {
                            // Assigning a component to a local.
                            .e_arrow, .e_function => {},

                            // A wrapped component.
                            .e_call => |call| switch (call.target.data) {
                                .e_identifier => |id| if (id.ref != p.react_refresh.latest_signature_ref)
                                    break :try_register,
                                else => break :try_register,
                            },
                            else => break :try_register,
                        }
                        const id = switch (decl.binding.data) {
                            .b_identifier => |id| id.ref,
                            else => break :try_register,
                        };
                        const original_name = p.symbols.items[id.innerIndex()].original_name;
                        try p.handleReactRefreshRegister(stmts, original_name, id, .named);
                    }
                }

                if (data.is_export and p.options.features.server_components.wrapsExports()) {
                    for (data.decls.slice()) |*decl| try_annotate: {
                        const val = decl.value orelse break :try_annotate;
                        const id = switch (decl.binding.data) {
                            .b_identifier => |id| id.ref,
                            else => break :try_annotate,
                        };
                        const original_name = p.symbols.items[id.innerIndex()].original_name;
                        decl.value = p.wrapValueForServerComponentReference(val, original_name);
                    }
                }

                return;
            }
            pub fn s_expr(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.SExpr) !void {
                const should_trim_primitive = p.options.features.dead_code_elimination and
                    (p.options.features.minify_syntax and data.value.isPrimitiveLiteral());
                p.stmt_expr_value = data.value.data;
                defer p.stmt_expr_value = .{ .e_missing = .{} };

                const is_top_level = p.current_scope == p.module_scope;
                if (p.shouldUnwrapCommonJSToESM()) {
                    p.commonjs_named_exports_needs_conversion = if (is_top_level)
                        std.math.maxInt(u32)
                    else
                        p.commonjs_named_exports_needs_conversion;
                }

                data.value = p.visitExpr(data.value);

                if (should_trim_primitive and data.value.isPrimitiveLiteral()) {
                    return;
                }

                // simplify unused
                data.value = SideEffects.simplifyUnusedExpr(p, data.value) orelse return;

                if (p.shouldUnwrapCommonJSToESM()) {
                    if (is_top_level) {
                        if (data.value.data == .e_binary) {
                            const to_convert = p.commonjs_named_exports_needs_conversion;
                            if (to_convert != std.math.maxInt(u32)) {
                                p.commonjs_named_exports_needs_conversion = std.math.maxInt(u32);
                                convert: {
                                    const bin: *E.Binary = data.value.data.e_binary;
                                    if (bin.op == .bin_assign and bin.left.data == .e_commonjs_export_identifier) {
                                        var last = &p.commonjs_named_exports.values()[to_convert];
                                        if (!last.needs_decl) break :convert;
                                        last.needs_decl = false;

                                        var decls = p.allocator.alloc(Decl, 1) catch unreachable;
                                        const ref = bin.left.data.e_commonjs_export_identifier.ref;
                                        decls[0] = .{
                                            .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = ref }, bin.left.loc),
                                            .value = bin.right,
                                        };
                                        // we have to ensure these are known to be top-level
                                        p.declared_symbols.append(p.allocator, .{
                                            .ref = ref,
                                            .is_top_level = true,
                                        }) catch unreachable;
                                        p.esm_export_keyword.loc = stmt.loc;
                                        p.esm_export_keyword.len = 5;
                                        p.had_commonjs_named_exports_this_visit = true;
                                        var clause_items = p.allocator.alloc(js_ast.ClauseItem, 1) catch unreachable;
                                        clause_items[0] = js_ast.ClauseItem{
                                            // We want the generated name to not conflict
                                            .alias = p.commonjs_named_exports.keys()[to_convert],
                                            .alias_loc = bin.left.loc,
                                            .name = .{
                                                .ref = ref,
                                                .loc = last.loc_ref.loc,
                                            },
                                        };
                                        stmts.appendSlice(
                                            &[_]Stmt{
                                                p.s(
                                                    S.Local{
                                                        .kind = .k_var,
                                                        .is_export = false,
                                                        .was_commonjs_export = true,
                                                        .decls = G.Decl.List.init(decls),
                                                    },
                                                    stmt.loc,
                                                ),
                                                p.s(
                                                    S.ExportClause{
                                                        .items = clause_items,
                                                        .is_single_line = true,
                                                    },
                                                    stmt.loc,
                                                ),
                                            },
                                        ) catch unreachable;

                                        return;
                                    }
                                }
                            } else if (p.commonjs_replacement_stmts.len > 0) {
                                if (stmts.items.len == 0) {
                                    stmts.items = p.commonjs_replacement_stmts;
                                    stmts.capacity = p.commonjs_replacement_stmts.len;
                                    p.commonjs_replacement_stmts.len = 0;
                                } else {
                                    stmts.appendSlice(p.commonjs_replacement_stmts) catch unreachable;
                                    p.commonjs_replacement_stmts.len = 0;
                                }

                                return;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                try stmts.append(stmt.*);
            }
            pub fn s_throw(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.Throw) !void {
                data.value = p.visitExpr(data.value);
                try stmts.append(stmt.*);
            }
            pub fn s_return(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.Return) !void {
                // Forbid top-level return inside modules with ECMAScript-style exports
                if (p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit.is_outside_fn_or_arrow) {
                    const where = where: {
                        if (p.esm_export_keyword.len > 0) {
                            break :where p.esm_export_keyword;
                        } else if (p.top_level_await_keyword.len > 0) {
                            break :where p.top_level_await_keyword;
                        } else {
                            break :where logger.Range.None;
                        }
                    };

                    if (where.len > 0) {
                        p.log.addRangeError(p.source, where, "Top-level return cannot be used inside an ECMAScript module") catch unreachable;
                    }
                }

                if (data.value) |val| {
                    data.value = p.visitExpr(val);

                    // "return undefined;" can safely just always be "return;"
                    if (data.value != null and @as(Expr.Tag, data.value.?.data) == .e_undefined) {
                        // Returning undefined is implicit
                        data.value = null;
                    }
                }

                try stmts.append(stmt.*);
            }
            pub fn s_block(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.Block) !void {
                {
                    p.pushScopeForVisitPass(.block, stmt.loc) catch unreachable;

                    // Pass the "is loop body" status on to the direct children of a block used
                    // as a loop body. This is used to enable optimizations specific to the
                    // topmost scope in a loop body block.
                    const kind = if (std.meta.eql(p.loop_body, stmt.data)) StmtsKind.loop_body else StmtsKind.none;
                    var _stmts = ListManaged(Stmt).fromOwnedSlice(p.allocator, data.stmts);
                    p.visitStmts(&_stmts, kind) catch unreachable;
                    data.stmts = _stmts.items;
                    p.popScope();
                }

                if (p.options.features.minify_syntax) {
                    // // trim empty statements
                    if (data.stmts.len == 0) {
                        stmts.append(Stmt{ .data = Prefill.Data.SEmpty, .loc = stmt.loc }) catch unreachable;
                        return;
                    } else if (data.stmts.len == 1 and !statementCaresAboutScope(data.stmts[0])) {
                        // Unwrap blocks containing a single statement
                        stmts.append(data.stmts[0]) catch unreachable;
                        return;
                    }
                }

                try stmts.append(stmt.*);
            }
            pub fn s_with(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.With) !void {
                data.value = p.visitExpr(data.value);

                p.pushScopeForVisitPass(.with, data.body_loc) catch unreachable;

                // This can be many different kinds of statements.
                // example code:
                //
                //      with(this.document.defaultView || Object.create(null))
                //         with(this.document)
                //           with(this.form)
                //             with(this.element)
                //
                data.body = p.visitSingleStmt(data.body, StmtsKind.none);

                p.popScope();
                try stmts.append(stmt.*);
            }
            pub fn s_while(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.While) !void {
                data.test_ = p.visitExpr(data.test_);
                data.body = p.visitLoopBody(data.body);

                data.test_ = SideEffects.simplifyBoolean(p, data.test_);
                const result = SideEffects.toBoolean(p, data.test_.data);
                if (result.ok and result.side_effects == .no_side_effects) {
                    data.test_ = p.newExpr(E.Boolean{ .value = result.value }, data.test_.loc);
                }

                try stmts.append(stmt.*);
            }
            pub fn s_do_while(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.DoWhile) !void {
                data.body = p.visitLoopBody(data.body);
                data.test_ = p.visitExpr(data.test_);

                data.test_ = SideEffects.simplifyBoolean(p, data.test_);
                try stmts.append(stmt.*);
            }
            pub fn s_if(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.If) !void {
                data.test_ = p.visitExpr(data.test_);

                if (p.options.features.minify_syntax) {
                    data.test_ = SideEffects.simplifyBoolean(p, data.test_);
                }

                const effects = SideEffects.toBoolean(p, data.test_.data);
                if (effects.ok and !effects.value) {
                    const old = p.is_control_flow_dead;
                    p.is_control_flow_dead = true;
                    data.yes = p.visitSingleStmt(data.yes, StmtsKind.none);
                    p.is_control_flow_dead = old;
                } else {
                    data.yes = p.visitSingleStmt(data.yes, StmtsKind.none);
                }

                // The "else" clause is optional
                if (data.no) |no| {
                    if (effects.ok and effects.value) {
                        const old = p.is_control_flow_dead;
                        p.is_control_flow_dead = true;
                        defer p.is_control_flow_dead = old;
                        data.no = p.visitSingleStmt(no, .none);
                    } else {
                        data.no = p.visitSingleStmt(no, .none);
                    }

                    // Trim unnecessary "else" clauses
                    if (p.options.features.minify_syntax) {
                        if (data.no != null and @as(Stmt.Tag, data.no.?.data) == .s_empty) {
                            data.no = null;
                        }
                    }
                }

                if (p.options.features.minify_syntax) {
                    if (effects.ok) {
                        if (effects.value) {
                            if (data.no == null or !SideEffects.shouldKeepStmtInDeadControlFlow(p, data.no.?, p.allocator)) {
                                if (effects.side_effects == .could_have_side_effects) {
                                    // Keep the condition if it could have side effects (but is still known to be truthy)
                                    if (SideEffects.simplifyUnusedExpr(p, data.test_)) |test_| {
                                        stmts.append(p.s(S.SExpr{ .value = test_ }, test_.loc)) catch unreachable;
                                    }
                                }

                                return try p.appendIfBodyPreservingScope(stmts, data.yes);
                            } else {
                                // We have to keep the "no" branch
                            }
                        } else {
                            // The test is falsy
                            if (!SideEffects.shouldKeepStmtInDeadControlFlow(p, data.yes, p.allocator)) {
                                if (effects.side_effects == .could_have_side_effects) {
                                    // Keep the condition if it could have side effects (but is still known to be truthy)
                                    if (SideEffects.simplifyUnusedExpr(p, data.test_)) |test_| {
                                        stmts.append(p.s(S.SExpr{ .value = test_ }, test_.loc)) catch unreachable;
                                    }
                                }

                                if (data.no == null) {
                                    return;
                                }

                                return try p.appendIfBodyPreservingScope(stmts, data.no.?);
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    // TODO: more if statement syntax minification
                    const can_remove_test = p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnused(&data.test_);
                    switch (data.yes.data) {
                        .s_expr => |yes_expr| {
                            if (yes_expr.value.isMissing()) {
                                if (data.no == null) {
                                    if (can_remove_test) {
                                        return;
                                    }
                                } else if (data.no.?.isMissingExpr() and can_remove_test) {
                                    return;
                                }
                            }
                        },
                        .s_empty => {
                            if (data.no == null) {
                                if (can_remove_test) {
                                    return;
                                }
                            } else if (data.no.?.isMissingExpr() and can_remove_test) {
                                return;
                            }
                        },
                        else => {},
                    }
                }

                try stmts.append(stmt.*);
            }
            pub fn s_for(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.For) !void {
                p.pushScopeForVisitPass(.block, stmt.loc) catch unreachable;

                if (data.init) |initst| {
                    data.init = p.visitForLoopInit(initst, false);
                }

                if (data.test_) |test_| {
                    data.test_ = SideEffects.simplifyBoolean(p, p.visitExpr(test_));

                    const result = SideEffects.toBoolean(p, data.test_.?.data);
                    if (result.ok and result.value and result.side_effects == .no_side_effects) {
                        data.test_ = null;
                    }
                }

                if (data.update) |update| {
                    data.update = p.visitExpr(update);
                }

                data.body = p.visitLoopBody(data.body);

                if (data.init) |for_init| {
                    if (for_init.data == .s_local) {
                        // Potentially relocate "var" declarations to the top level. Note that this
                        // must be done inside the scope of the for loop or they won't be relocated.
                        if (for_init.data.s_local.kind == .k_var) {
                            const relocate = p.maybeRelocateVarsToTopLevel(for_init.data.s_local.decls.slice(), .normal);
                            if (relocate.stmt) |relocated| {
                                data.init = relocated;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                p.popScope();

                try stmts.append(stmt.*);
            }
            pub fn s_for_in(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.ForIn) !void {
                {
                    p.pushScopeForVisitPass(.block, stmt.loc) catch unreachable;
                    defer p.popScope();
                    _ = p.visitForLoopInit(data.init, true);
                    data.value = p.visitExpr(data.value);
                    data.body = p.visitLoopBody(data.body);

                    // Check for a variable initializer
                    if (data.init.data == .s_local and data.init.data.s_local.kind == .k_var) {
                        // Lower for-in variable initializers in case the output is used in strict mode
                        var local = data.init.data.s_local;
                        if (local.decls.len == 1) {
                            var decl: *G.Decl = &local.decls.ptr[0];
                            if (decl.binding.data == .b_identifier) {
                                if (decl.value) |val| {
                                    stmts.append(
                                        Stmt.assign(
                                            Expr.initIdentifier(decl.binding.data.b_identifier.ref, decl.binding.loc),
                                            val,
                                        ),
                                    ) catch unreachable;
                                    decl.value = null;
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        const relocate = p.maybeRelocateVarsToTopLevel(data.init.data.s_local.decls.slice(), RelocateVars.Mode.for_in_or_for_of);
                        if (relocate.stmt) |relocated_stmt| {
                            data.init = relocated_stmt;
                        }
                    }
                }

                try stmts.append(stmt.*);
            }
            pub fn s_for_of(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.ForOf) !void {
                p.pushScopeForVisitPass(.block, stmt.loc) catch unreachable;
                defer p.popScope();
                _ = p.visitForLoopInit(data.init, true);
                data.value = p.visitExpr(data.value);
                data.body = p.visitLoopBody(data.body);

                if (data.init.data == .s_local) {
                    if (data.init.data.s_local.kind == .k_var) {
                        const relocate = p.maybeRelocateVarsToTopLevel(data.init.data.s_local.decls.slice(), RelocateVars.Mode.for_in_or_for_of);
                        if (relocate.stmt) |relocated_stmt| {
                            data.init = relocated_stmt;
                        }
                    }

                    // Handle "for (using x of y)" and "for (await using x of y)"
                    if (data.init.data == .s_local and data.init.data.s_local.kind.isUsing() and p.options.features.lower_using) {
                        // fn lowerUsingDeclarationInForOf()
                        const loc = data.init.loc;
                        const init2 = data.init.data.s_local;
                        const binding = init2.decls.at(0).binding;
                        var id = binding.data.b_identifier;
                        const temp_ref = p.generateTempRef(p.symbols.items[id.ref.inner_index].original_name);

                        const first = p.s(S.Local{
                            .kind = init2.kind,
                            .decls = bindings: {
                                const decls = p.allocator.alloc(G.Decl, 1) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                                decls[0] = .{
                                    .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = id.ref }, loc),
                                    .value = p.newExpr(E.Identifier{ .ref = temp_ref }, loc),
                                };
                                break :bindings G.Decl.List.init(decls);
                            },
                        }, loc);

                        const length = if (data.body.data == .s_block) data.body.data.s_block.stmts.len else 1;
                        const statements = p.allocator.alloc(Stmt, 1 + length) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                        statements[0] = first;
                        if (data.body.data == .s_block) {
                            @memcpy(statements[1..], data.body.data.s_block.stmts);
                        } else {
                            statements[1] = data.body;
                        }

                        var ctx = try P.LowerUsingDeclarationsContext.init(p);
                        ctx.scanStmts(p, statements);
                        const visited_stmts = ctx.finalize(p, statements, p.will_wrap_module_in_try_catch_for_using and p.current_scope.parent == null);
                        if (data.body.data == .s_block) {
                            data.body.data.s_block.stmts = visited_stmts.items;
                        } else {
                            data.body = p.s(S.Block{
                                .stmts = visited_stmts.items,
                            }, loc);
                        }
                        id.ref = temp_ref;
                        init2.kind = .k_const;
                    }
                }

                try stmts.append(stmt.*);
            }
            pub fn s_try(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.Try) !void {
                p.pushScopeForVisitPass(.block, stmt.loc) catch unreachable;
                {
                    var _stmts = ListManaged(Stmt).fromOwnedSlice(p.allocator, data.body);
                    p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit.try_body_count += 1;
                    p.visitStmts(&_stmts, StmtsKind.none) catch unreachable;
                    p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit.try_body_count -= 1;
                    data.body = _stmts.items;
                }
                p.popScope();

                if (data.catch_) |*catch_| {
                    p.pushScopeForVisitPass(.catch_binding, catch_.loc) catch unreachable;
                    {
                        if (catch_.binding) |catch_binding| {
                            p.visitBinding(catch_binding, null);
                        }
                        var _stmts = ListManaged(Stmt).fromOwnedSlice(p.allocator, catch_.body);
                        p.pushScopeForVisitPass(.block, catch_.body_loc) catch unreachable;
                        p.visitStmts(&_stmts, StmtsKind.none) catch unreachable;
                        p.popScope();
                        catch_.body = _stmts.items;
                    }
                    p.popScope();
                }

                if (data.finally) |*finally| {
                    p.pushScopeForVisitPass(.block, finally.loc) catch unreachable;
                    {
                        var _stmts = ListManaged(Stmt).fromOwnedSlice(p.allocator, finally.stmts);
                        p.visitStmts(&_stmts, StmtsKind.none) catch unreachable;
                        finally.stmts = _stmts.items;
                    }
                    p.popScope();
                }

                try stmts.append(stmt.*);
            }
            pub fn s_switch(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.Switch) !void {
                data.test_ = p.visitExpr(data.test_);
                {
                    p.pushScopeForVisitPass(.block, data.body_loc) catch unreachable;
                    defer p.popScope();
                    const old_is_inside_Swsitch = p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit.is_inside_switch;
                    p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit.is_inside_switch = true;
                    defer p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit.is_inside_switch = old_is_inside_Swsitch;
                    for (data.cases, 0..) |case, i| {
                        if (case.value) |val| {
                            data.cases[i].value = p.visitExpr(val);
                            // TODO: error messages
                            // Check("case", *c.Value, c.Value.Loc)
                            //                 p.warnAboutTypeofAndString(s.Test, *c.Value)
                        }
                        var _stmts = ListManaged(Stmt).fromOwnedSlice(p.allocator, case.body);
                        p.visitStmts(&_stmts, StmtsKind.none) catch unreachable;
                        data.cases[i].body = _stmts.items;
                    }
                }
                // TODO: duplicate case checker

                try stmts.append(stmt.*);
            }

            pub fn s_enum(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.Enum, was_after_after_const_local_prefix: bool) !void {

                // Do not end the const local prefix after TypeScript enums. We process
                // them first within their scope so that they are inlined into all code in
                // that scope. We don't want that to cause the const local prefix to end.
                p.current_scope.is_after_const_local_prefix = was_after_after_const_local_prefix;

                // Track cross-module enum constants during bundling. This
                // part of the code is different from esbuilt in that we are
                // only storing a list of enum indexes. At the time of
                // referencing, `esbuild` builds a separate hash map of hash
                // maps. We are avoiding that to reduce memory usage, since
                // enum inlining already uses alot of hash maps.
                if (p.current_scope == p.module_scope and p.options.bundle) {
                    try p.top_level_enums.append(p.allocator, data.name.ref.?);
                }

                p.recordDeclaredSymbol(data.name.ref.?) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                p.pushScopeForVisitPass(.entry, stmt.loc) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                defer p.popScope();
                p.recordDeclaredSymbol(data.arg) catch bun.outOfMemory();

                const allocator = p.allocator;
                // Scan ahead for any variables inside this namespace. This must be done
                // ahead of time before visiting any statements inside the namespace
                // because we may end up visiting the uses before the declarations.
                // We need to convert the uses into property accesses on the namespace.
                for (data.values) |value| {
                    if (value.ref.isValid()) {
                        p.is_exported_inside_namespace.put(allocator, value.ref, data.arg) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                    }
                }

                // Values without initializers are initialized to one more than the
                // previous value if the previous value is numeric. Otherwise values
                // without initializers are initialized to undefined.
                var next_numeric_value: ?f64 = 0.0;

                var value_exprs = ListManaged(Expr).initCapacity(allocator, data.values.len) catch bun.outOfMemory();

                var all_values_are_pure = true;

                const exported_members = p.current_scope.ts_namespace.?.exported_members;

                // We normally don't fold numeric constants because they might increase code
                // size, but it's important to fold numeric constants inside enums since
                // that's what the TypeScript compiler does.
                const old_should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions = p.should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions;
                p.should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions = true;

                // Create an assignment for each enum value
                for (data.values) |*value| {
                    const name = value.name;

                    var has_string_value = false;
                    if (value.value) |enum_value| {
                        next_numeric_value = null;

                        const visited = p.visitExpr(enum_value);

                        // "See through" any wrapped comments
                        const underlying_value = if (visited.data == .e_inlined_enum)
                            visited.data.e_inlined_enum.value
                        else
                            visited;
                        value.value = underlying_value;

                        switch (underlying_value.data) {
                            .e_number => |num| {
                                exported_members.getPtr(name).?.data = .{ .enum_number = num.value };

                                p.ref_to_ts_namespace_member.put(
                                    p.allocator,
                                    value.ref,
                                    .{ .enum_number = num.value },
                                ) catch bun.outOfMemory();

                                next_numeric_value = num.value + 1.0;
                            },
                            .e_string => |str| {
                                has_string_value = true;

                                exported_members.getPtr(name).?.data = .{ .enum_string = str };

                                p.ref_to_ts_namespace_member.put(
                                    p.allocator,
                                    value.ref,
                                    .{ .enum_string = str },
                                ) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                            },
                            else => {
                                if (visited.knownPrimitive() == .string) {
                                    has_string_value = true;
                                }

                                if (!p.exprCanBeRemovedIfUnused(&visited)) {
                                    all_values_are_pure = false;
                                }
                            },
                        }
                    } else if (next_numeric_value) |num| {
                        value.value = p.newExpr(E.Number{ .value = num }, value.loc);

                        next_numeric_value = num + 1;

                        exported_members.getPtr(name).?.data = .{ .enum_number = num };

                        p.ref_to_ts_namespace_member.put(
                            p.allocator,
                            value.ref,
                            .{ .enum_number = num },
                        ) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                    } else {
                        value.value = p.newExpr(E.Undefined{}, value.loc);
                    }

                    const is_assign_target = p.options.features.minify_syntax and bun.js_lexer.isIdentifier(value.name);

                    const name_as_e_string = if (!is_assign_target or !has_string_value)
                        p.newExpr(value.nameAsEString(allocator), value.loc)
                    else
                        null;

                    const assign_target = if (is_assign_target)
                        // "Enum.Name = value"
                        Expr.assign(
                            p.newExpr(E.Dot{
                                .target = p.newExpr(
                                    E.Identifier{ .ref = data.arg },
                                    value.loc,
                                ),
                                .name = value.name,
                                .name_loc = value.loc,
                            }, value.loc),
                            value.value.?,
                        )
                    else
                        // "Enum['Name'] = value"
                        Expr.assign(
                            p.newExpr(E.Index{
                                .target = p.newExpr(
                                    E.Identifier{ .ref = data.arg },
                                    value.loc,
                                ),
                                .index = name_as_e_string.?,
                            }, value.loc),
                            value.value.?,
                        );

                    p.recordUsage(data.arg);

                    // String-valued enums do not form a two-way map
                    if (has_string_value) {
                        value_exprs.append(assign_target) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                    } else {
                        // "Enum[assignTarget] = 'Name'"
                        value_exprs.append(
                            Expr.assign(
                                p.newExpr(E.Index{
                                    .target = p.newExpr(
                                        E.Identifier{ .ref = data.arg },
                                        value.loc,
                                    ),
                                    .index = assign_target,
                                }, value.loc),
                                name_as_e_string.?,
                            ),
                        ) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                        p.recordUsage(data.arg);
                    }
                }

                p.should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions = old_should_fold_typescript_constant_expressions;

                var value_stmts = ListManaged(Stmt).initCapacity(allocator, value_exprs.items.len) catch unreachable;
                // Generate statements from expressions
                for (value_exprs.items) |expr| {
                    value_stmts.appendAssumeCapacity(p.s(S.SExpr{ .value = expr }, expr.loc));
                }
                value_exprs.deinit();
                try p.generateClosureForTypeScriptNamespaceOrEnum(
                    stmts,
                    stmt.loc,
                    data.is_export,
                    data.name.loc,
                    data.name.ref.?,
                    data.arg,
                    value_stmts.items,
                    all_values_are_pure,
                );
                return;
            }
            pub fn s_namespace(noalias p: *P, noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), noalias stmt: *Stmt, noalias data: *S.Namespace) !void {
                p.recordDeclaredSymbol(data.name.ref.?) catch unreachable;

                // Scan ahead for any variables inside this namespace. This must be done
                // ahead of time before visiting any statements inside the namespace
                // because we may end up visiting the uses before the declarations.
                // We need to convert the uses into property accesses on the namespace.
                for (data.stmts) |child_stmt| {
                    switch (child_stmt.data) {
                        .s_local => |local| {
                            if (local.is_export) {
                                p.markExportedDeclsInsideNamespace(data.arg, local.decls.slice());
                            }
                        },
                        else => {},
                    }
                }

                var prepend_temp_refs = PrependTempRefsOpts{ .kind = StmtsKind.fn_body };
                var prepend_list = ListManaged(Stmt).fromOwnedSlice(p.allocator, data.stmts);

                const old_enclosing_namespace_arg_ref = p.enclosing_namespace_arg_ref;
                p.enclosing_namespace_arg_ref = data.arg;
                p.pushScopeForVisitPass(.entry, stmt.loc) catch unreachable;
                p.recordDeclaredSymbol(data.arg) catch unreachable;
                try p.visitStmtsAndPrependTempRefs(&prepend_list, &prepend_temp_refs);
                p.popScope();
                p.enclosing_namespace_arg_ref = old_enclosing_namespace_arg_ref;

                try p.generateClosureForTypeScriptNamespaceOrEnum(
                    stmts,
                    stmt.loc,
                    data.is_export,
                    data.name.loc,
                    data.name.ref.?,
                    data.arg,
                    prepend_list.items,
                    false,
                );
                return;
            }
        };

        fn isExportToEliminate(p: *P, ref: Ref) bool {
            const symbol_name = p.loadNameFromRef(ref);
            return p.options.features.replace_exports.contains(symbol_name);
        }

        fn visitDecls(noalias p: *P, decls: []G.Decl, was_const: bool, comptime is_possibly_decl_to_remove: bool) usize {
            var j: usize = 0;
            var out_decls = decls;
            for (decls) |*decl| {
                p.visitBinding(decl.binding, null);

                if (decl.value != null) {
                    var val = decl.value.?;
                    const was_anonymous_named_expr = val.isAnonymousNamed();
                    var replacement: ?*const RuntimeFeatures.ReplaceableExport = null;

                    const prev_require_to_convert_count = p.imports_to_convert_from_require.items.len;
                    const prev_macro_call_count = p.macro_call_count;
                    const orig_dead = p.is_control_flow_dead;
                    if (comptime is_possibly_decl_to_remove) {
                        if (decl.binding.data == .b_identifier) {
                            if (p.options.features.replace_exports.getPtr(p.loadNameFromRef(decl.binding.data.b_identifier.ref))) |replacer| {
                                replacement = replacer;
                                if (p.options.features.dead_code_elimination and (replacer.* != .replace)) {
                                    p.is_control_flow_dead = true;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if (p.options.features.react_fast_refresh) {
                        p.react_refresh.last_hook_seen = null;
                    }

                    if (only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit) {
                        @compileError("only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit must not run this.");
                    }
                    decl.value = p.visitExprInOut(val, .{
                        .is_immediately_assigned_to_decl = true,
                    });

                    if (p.options.features.react_fast_refresh) {
                        // When hooks are immediately assigned to something, we need to hash the binding.
                        if (p.react_refresh.last_hook_seen) |last_hook| {
                            if (decl.value.?.data.as(.e_call)) |call| {
                                if (last_hook == call) {
                                    decl.binding.data.writeToHasher(&p.react_refresh.hook_ctx_storage.?.*.?.hasher, p.symbols.items);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if (p.shouldUnwrapCommonJSToESM()) {
                        if (prev_require_to_convert_count < p.imports_to_convert_from_require.items.len) {
                            if (decl.binding.data == .b_identifier) {
                                const ref = decl.binding.data.b_identifier.ref;
                                if (decl.value != null and
                                    decl.value.?.data == .e_require_string and
                                    decl.value.?.data.e_require_string.unwrapped_id != std.math.maxInt(u32))
                                {
                                    p.imports_to_convert_from_require.items[decl.value.?.data.e_require_string.unwrapped_id].namespace.ref = ref;
                                    p.import_items_for_namespace.put(
                                        p.allocator,
                                        ref,
                                        ImportItemForNamespaceMap.init(p.allocator),
                                    ) catch unreachable;
                                    continue;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if (comptime is_possibly_decl_to_remove) {
                        p.is_control_flow_dead = orig_dead;
                    }
                    if (comptime is_possibly_decl_to_remove) {
                        if (decl.binding.data == .b_identifier) {
                            if (replacement) |ptr| {
                                if (!p.replaceDeclAndPossiblyRemove(decl, ptr)) {
                                    continue;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    p.visitDecl(
                        decl,
                        was_anonymous_named_expr,
                        was_const and !p.current_scope.is_after_const_local_prefix,
                        if (comptime allow_macros)
                            prev_macro_call_count != p.macro_call_count
                        else
                            false,
                    );
                } else if (comptime is_possibly_decl_to_remove) {
                    if (decl.binding.data == .b_identifier) {
                        if (p.options.features.replace_exports.getPtr(p.loadNameFromRef(decl.binding.data.b_identifier.ref))) |ptr| {
                            if (!p.replaceDeclAndPossiblyRemove(decl, ptr)) {
                                p.visitDecl(
                                    decl,
                                    was_const and !p.current_scope.is_after_const_local_prefix,
                                    false,
                                    false,
                                );
                            } else {
                                continue;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                out_decls[j] = decl.*;
                j += 1;
            }

            return j;
        }

        fn injectReplacementExport(p: *P, stmts: *StmtList, name_ref: Ref, loc: logger.Loc, replacement: *const RuntimeFeatures.ReplaceableExport) bool {
            switch (replacement.*) {
                .delete => return false,
                .replace => |value| {
                    const count = stmts.items.len;
                    var decls = p.allocator.alloc(G.Decl, 1) catch unreachable;

                    decls[0] = .{ .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = name_ref }, loc), .value = value };
                    var local = p.s(
                        S.Local{
                            .is_export = true,
                            .decls = Decl.List.init(decls),
                        },
                        loc,
                    );
                    p.visitAndAppendStmt(stmts, &local) catch unreachable;
                    return count != stmts.items.len;
                },
                .inject => |with| {
                    const count = stmts.items.len;
                    var decls = p.allocator.alloc(G.Decl, 1) catch unreachable;
                    decls[0] = .{
                        .binding = p.b(
                            B.Identifier{ .ref = p.declareSymbol(.other, loc, with.name) catch unreachable },
                            loc,
                        ),
                        .value = with.value,
                    };

                    var local = p.s(
                        S.Local{
                            .is_export = true,
                            .decls = Decl.List.init(decls),
                        },
                        loc,
                    );
                    p.visitAndAppendStmt(stmts, &local) catch unreachable;
                    return count != stmts.items.len;
                },
            }
        }

        fn replaceDeclAndPossiblyRemove(p: *P, decl: *G.Decl, replacement: *const RuntimeFeatures.ReplaceableExport) bool {
            switch (replacement.*) {
                .delete => return false,
                .replace => |value| {
                    decl.*.value = p.visitExpr(value);
                    return true;
                },
                .inject => |with| {
                    decl.* = .{
                        .binding = p.b(
                            B.Identifier{ .ref = p.declareSymbol(.other, decl.binding.loc, with.name) catch unreachable },
                            decl.binding.loc,
                        ),
                        .value = p.visitExpr(Expr{ .data = with.value.data, .loc = if (decl.value != null) decl.value.?.loc else decl.binding.loc }),
                    };
                    return true;
                },
            }
        }

        fn visitBindingAndExprForMacro(p: *P, binding: Binding, expr: Expr) void {
            switch (binding.data) {
                .b_object => |bound_object| {
                    if (expr.data == .e_object and
                        expr.data.e_object.was_originally_macro)
                    {
                        var object = expr.data.e_object;
                        for (bound_object.properties) |property| {
                            if (property.flags.contains(.is_spread)) return;
                        }
                        var output_properties = object.properties.slice();
                        var end: u32 = 0;
                        for (bound_object.properties) |property| {
                            if (property.key.asStringLiteral(p.allocator)) |name| {
                                if (object.asProperty(name)) |query| {
                                    switch (query.expr.data) {
                                        .e_object, .e_array => p.visitBindingAndExprForMacro(property.value, query.expr),
                                        else => {
                                            if (p.options.features.inlining) {
                                                if (property.value.data == .b_identifier) {
                                                    p.const_values.put(p.allocator, property.value.data.b_identifier.ref, query.expr) catch unreachable;
                                                }
                                            }
                                        },
                                    }
                                    output_properties[end] = output_properties[query.i];
                                    end += 1;
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        object.properties.len = end;
                    }
                },
                .b_array => |bound_array| {
                    if (expr.data == .e_array and
                        expr.data.e_array.was_originally_macro and !bound_array.has_spread)
                    {
                        var array = expr.data.e_array;

                        array.items.len = @min(array.items.len, @as(u32, @truncate(bound_array.items.len)));
                        for (bound_array.items[0..array.items.len], array.items.slice()) |item, *child_expr| {
                            if (item.binding.data == .b_missing) {
                                child_expr.* = p.newExpr(E.Missing{}, expr.loc);
                                continue;
                            }

                            p.visitBindingAndExprForMacro(item.binding, child_expr.*);
                        }
                    }
                },
                .b_identifier => |id| {
                    if (p.options.features.inlining) {
                        p.const_values.put(p.allocator, id.ref, expr) catch unreachable;
                    }
                },
                else => {},
            }
        }

        fn visitDecl(p: *P, decl: *Decl, was_anonymous_named_expr: bool, could_be_const_value: bool, could_be_macro: bool) void {
            // Optionally preserve the name
            switch (decl.binding.data) {
                .b_identifier => |id| {
                    if (could_be_const_value or (allow_macros and could_be_macro)) {
                        if (decl.value) |val| {
                            if (val.canBeConstValue()) {
                                p.const_values.put(p.allocator, id.ref, val) catch unreachable;
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        p.current_scope.is_after_const_local_prefix = true;
                    }
                    decl.value = p.maybeKeepExprSymbolName(
                        decl.value.?,
                        p.symbols.items[id.ref.innerIndex()].original_name,
                        was_anonymous_named_expr,
                    );
                },
                .b_object, .b_array => {
                    if (comptime allow_macros) {
                        if (could_be_macro and decl.value != null) {
                            p.visitBindingAndExprForMacro(decl.binding, decl.value.?);
                        }
                    }
                },
                else => {},
            }
        }

        pub fn markExportedDeclsInsideNamespace(p: *P, ns_ref: Ref, decls: []G.Decl) void {
            for (decls) |decl| {
                p.markExportedBindingInsideNamespace(ns_ref, decl.binding);
            }
        }

        pub fn appendIfBodyPreservingScope(noalias p: *P, stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), body: Stmt) anyerror!void {
            switch (body.data) {
                .s_block => |block| {
                    var keep_block = false;
                    for (block.stmts) |stmt| {
                        if (statementCaresAboutScope(stmt)) {
                            keep_block = true;
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    if (!keep_block and block.stmts.len > 0) {
                        try stmts.appendSlice(block.stmts);
                        return;
                    }
                },
                else => {},
            }

            if (statementCaresAboutScope(body)) {
                var block_stmts = try p.allocator.alloc(Stmt, 1);
                block_stmts[0] = body;
                try stmts.append(p.s(S.Block{ .stmts = block_stmts }, body.loc));
                return;
            }

            try stmts.append(body);
            return;
        }

        fn markExportedBindingInsideNamespace(p: *P, ref: Ref, binding: BindingNodeIndex) void {
            switch (binding.data) {
                .b_missing => {},
                .b_identifier => |ident| {
                    p.is_exported_inside_namespace.put(p.allocator, ident.ref, ref) catch unreachable;
                },
                .b_array => |array| {
                    for (array.items) |item| {
                        p.markExportedBindingInsideNamespace(ref, item.binding);
                    }
                },
                .b_object => |obj| {
                    for (obj.properties) |item| {
                        p.markExportedBindingInsideNamespace(ref, item.value);
                    }
                },
            }
        }

        fn generateClosureForTypeScriptNamespaceOrEnum(
            noalias p: *P,
            noalias stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt),
            stmt_loc: logger.Loc,
            is_export: bool,
            name_loc: logger.Loc,
            original_name_ref: Ref,
            arg_ref: Ref,
            stmts_inside_closure: []Stmt,
            all_values_are_pure: bool,
        ) anyerror!void {
            var name_ref = original_name_ref;

            // Follow the link chain in case symbols were merged
            var symbol: Symbol = p.symbols.items[name_ref.innerIndex()];
            while (symbol.hasLink()) {
                const link = symbol.link;
                name_ref = link;
                symbol = p.symbols.items[name_ref.innerIndex()];
            }
            const allocator = p.allocator;

            // Make sure to only emit a variable once for a given namespace, since there
            // can be multiple namespace blocks for the same namespace
            if ((symbol.kind == .ts_namespace or symbol.kind == .ts_enum) and
                !p.emitted_namespace_vars.contains(name_ref))
            {
                p.emitted_namespace_vars.putNoClobber(allocator, name_ref, {}) catch bun.outOfMemory();

                var decls = allocator.alloc(G.Decl, 1) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                decls[0] = G.Decl{ .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = name_ref }, name_loc) };

                if (p.enclosing_namespace_arg_ref == null) {
                    // Top-level namespace: "var"
                    stmts.append(
                        p.s(S.Local{
                            .kind = .k_var,
                            .decls = G.Decl.List.init(decls),
                            .is_export = is_export,
                        }, stmt_loc),
                    ) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                } else {
                    // Nested namespace: "let"
                    stmts.append(
                        p.s(S.Local{
                            .kind = .k_let,
                            .decls = G.Decl.List.init(decls),
                        }, stmt_loc),
                    ) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                }
            }

            const arg_expr: Expr = arg_expr: {
                // TODO: unsupportedJSFeatures.has(.logical_assignment)
                // If the "||=" operator is supported, our minified output can be slightly smaller
                if (is_export) if (p.enclosing_namespace_arg_ref) |namespace| {
                    const name = p.symbols.items[name_ref.innerIndex()].original_name;

                    // "name = (enclosing.name ||= {})"
                    p.recordUsage(namespace);
                    p.recordUsage(name_ref);
                    break :arg_expr Expr.assign(
                        Expr.initIdentifier(name_ref, name_loc),
                        p.newExpr(E.Binary{
                            .op = .bin_logical_or_assign,
                            .left = p.newExpr(
                                E.Dot{
                                    .target = Expr.initIdentifier(namespace, name_loc),
                                    .name = name,
                                    .name_loc = name_loc,
                                },
                                name_loc,
                            ),
                            .right = p.newExpr(E.Object{}, name_loc),
                        }, name_loc),
                    );
                };

                // "name ||= {}"
                p.recordUsage(name_ref);
                break :arg_expr p.newExpr(E.Binary{
                    .op = .bin_logical_or_assign,
                    .left = Expr.initIdentifier(name_ref, name_loc),
                    .right = p.newExpr(E.Object{}, name_loc),
                }, name_loc);
            };

            var func_args = allocator.alloc(G.Arg, 1) catch bun.outOfMemory();
            func_args[0] = .{ .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = arg_ref }, name_loc) };

            var args_list = allocator.alloc(ExprNodeIndex, 1) catch bun.outOfMemory();
            args_list[0] = arg_expr;

            // TODO: if unsupported features includes arrow functions
            // const target = p.newExpr(
            //     E.Function{ .func = .{
            //         .args = func_args,
            //         .name = null,
            //         .open_parens_loc = stmt_loc,
            //         .body = G.FnBody{
            //             .loc = stmt_loc,
            //             .stmts = try allocator.dupe(StmtNodeIndex, stmts_inside_closure),
            //         },
            //     } },
            //     stmt_loc,
            // );

            const target = target: {
                // "(() => { foo() })()" => "(() => foo())()"
                if (p.options.features.minify_syntax and stmts_inside_closure.len == 1) {
                    if (stmts_inside_closure[0].data == .s_expr) {
                        stmts_inside_closure[0] = p.s(S.Return{
                            .value = stmts_inside_closure[0].data.s_expr.value,
                        }, stmts_inside_closure[0].loc);
                    }
                }

                break :target p.newExpr(E.Arrow{
                    .args = func_args,
                    .body = .{
                        .loc = stmt_loc,
                        .stmts = try allocator.dupe(StmtNodeIndex, stmts_inside_closure),
                    },
                    .prefer_expr = true,
                }, stmt_loc);
            };

            // Call the closure with the name object
            const call = p.newExpr(
                E.Call{
                    .target = target,
                    .args = ExprNodeList.init(args_list),
                    // TODO: make these fully tree-shakable. this annotation
                    // as-is is incorrect.  This would be done by changing all
                    // enum wrappers into `var Enum = ...` instead of two
                    // separate statements. This way, the @__PURE__ annotation
                    // is attached to the variable binding.
                    //
                    // .can_be_unwrapped_if_unused = all_values_are_pure,
                },
                stmt_loc,
            );

            const closure = p.s(S.SExpr{
                .value = call,
                .does_not_affect_tree_shaking = all_values_are_pure,
            }, stmt_loc);

            stmts.append(closure) catch unreachable;
        }

        fn lowerClass(
            noalias p: *P,
            stmtorexpr: js_ast.StmtOrExpr,
        ) []Stmt {
            switch (stmtorexpr) {
                .stmt => |stmt| {
                    if (comptime !is_typescript_enabled) {
                        if (!stmt.data.s_class.class.has_decorators) {
                            var stmts = p.allocator.alloc(Stmt, 1) catch unreachable;
                            stmts[0] = stmt;
                            return stmts;
                        }
                    }
                    var class = &stmt.data.s_class.class;
                    var constructor_function: ?*E.Function = null;

                    var static_decorators = ListManaged(Stmt).init(p.allocator);
                    var instance_decorators = ListManaged(Stmt).init(p.allocator);
                    var instance_members = ListManaged(Stmt).init(p.allocator);
                    var static_members = ListManaged(Stmt).init(p.allocator);
                    var class_properties = ListManaged(Property).init(p.allocator);

                    for (class.properties) |*prop| {
                        // merge parameter decorators with method decorators
                        if (prop.flags.contains(.is_method)) {
                            if (prop.value) |prop_value| {
                                switch (prop_value.data) {
                                    .e_function => |func| {
                                        const is_constructor = (prop.key.?.data == .e_string and prop.key.?.data.e_string.eqlComptime("constructor"));

                                        if (is_constructor) constructor_function = func;

                                        for (func.func.args, 0..) |arg, i| {
                                            for (arg.ts_decorators.ptr[0..arg.ts_decorators.len]) |arg_decorator| {
                                                var decorators = if (is_constructor)
                                                    class.ts_decorators.listManaged(p.allocator)
                                                else
                                                    prop.ts_decorators.listManaged(p.allocator);
                                                const args = p.allocator.alloc(Expr, 2) catch unreachable;
                                                args[0] = p.newExpr(E.Number{ .value = @as(f64, @floatFromInt(i)) }, arg_decorator.loc);
                                                args[1] = arg_decorator;
                                                decorators.append(p.callRuntime(arg_decorator.loc, "__legacyDecorateParamTS", args)) catch unreachable;
                                                if (is_constructor) {
                                                    class.ts_decorators.update(decorators);
                                                } else {
                                                    prop.ts_decorators.update(decorators);
                                                }
                                            }
                                        }
                                    },
                                    else => unreachable,
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        // TODO: prop.kind == .declare and prop.value == null

                        if (prop.ts_decorators.len > 0) {
                            const descriptor_key = prop.key.?;
                            const loc = descriptor_key.loc;

                            // TODO: when we have the `accessor` modifier, add `and !prop.flags.contains(.has_accessor_modifier)` to
                            // the if statement.
                            const descriptor_kind: Expr = if (!prop.flags.contains(.is_method))
                                p.newExpr(E.Undefined{}, loc)
                            else
                                p.newExpr(E.Null{}, loc);

                            var target: Expr = undefined;
                            if (prop.flags.contains(.is_static)) {
                                p.recordUsage(class.class_name.?.ref.?);
                                target = p.newExpr(E.Identifier{ .ref = class.class_name.?.ref.? }, class.class_name.?.loc);
                            } else {
                                target = p.newExpr(E.Dot{ .target = p.newExpr(E.Identifier{ .ref = class.class_name.?.ref.? }, class.class_name.?.loc), .name = "prototype", .name_loc = loc }, loc);
                            }

                            var array = prop.ts_decorators.listManaged(p.allocator);

                            if (p.options.features.emit_decorator_metadata) {
                                switch (prop.kind) {
                                    .normal, .abstract => {
                                        {
                                            // design:type
                                            var args = p.allocator.alloc(Expr, 2) catch unreachable;
                                            args[0] = p.newExpr(E.String{ .data = "design:type" }, logger.Loc.Empty);
                                            args[1] = p.serializeMetadata(prop.ts_metadata) catch unreachable;
                                            array.append(p.callRuntime(loc, "__legacyMetadataTS", args)) catch unreachable;
                                        }
                                        // design:paramtypes and design:returntype if method
                                        if (prop.flags.contains(.is_method)) {
                                            if (prop.value) |prop_value| {
                                                {
                                                    var args = p.allocator.alloc(Expr, 2) catch unreachable;
                                                    args[0] = p.newExpr(E.String{ .data = "design:paramtypes" }, logger.Loc.Empty);

                                                    const method_args = prop_value.data.e_function.func.args;
                                                    const args_array = p.allocator.alloc(Expr, method_args.len) catch unreachable;
                                                    for (args_array, method_args) |*entry, method_arg| {
                                                        entry.* = p.serializeMetadata(method_arg.ts_metadata) catch unreachable;
                                                    }

                                                    args[1] = p.newExpr(E.Array{ .items = ExprNodeList.init(args_array) }, logger.Loc.Empty);

                                                    array.append(p.callRuntime(loc, "__legacyMetadataTS", args)) catch unreachable;
                                                }
                                                {
                                                    var args = p.allocator.alloc(Expr, 2) catch unreachable;
                                                    args[0] = p.newExpr(E.String{ .data = "design:returntype" }, logger.Loc.Empty);
                                                    args[1] = p.serializeMetadata(prop_value.data.e_function.func.return_ts_metadata) catch unreachable;
                                                    array.append(p.callRuntime(loc, "__legacyMetadataTS", args)) catch unreachable;
                                                }
                                            }
                                        }
                                    },
                                    .get => if (prop.flags.contains(.is_method)) {
                                        // typescript sets design:type to the return value & design:paramtypes to [].
                                        if (prop.value) |prop_value| {
                                            {
                                                var args = p.allocator.alloc(Expr, 2) catch unreachable;
                                                args[0] = p.newExpr(E.String{ .data = "design:type" }, logger.Loc.Empty);
                                                args[1] = p.serializeMetadata(prop_value.data.e_function.func.return_ts_metadata) catch unreachable;
                                                array.append(p.callRuntime(loc, "__legacyMetadataTS", args)) catch unreachable;
                                            }
                                            {
                                                var args = p.allocator.alloc(Expr, 2) catch unreachable;
                                                args[0] = p.newExpr(E.String{ .data = "design:paramtypes" }, logger.Loc.Empty);
                                                args[1] = p.newExpr(E.Array{ .items = ExprNodeList.init(&[_]Expr{}) }, logger.Loc.Empty);
                                                array.append(p.callRuntime(loc, "__legacyMetadataTS", args)) catch unreachable;
                                            }
                                        }
                                    },
                                    .set => if (prop.flags.contains(.is_method)) {
                                        // typescript sets design:type to the return value & design:paramtypes to [arg].
                                        // note that typescript does not allow you to put a decorator on both the getter and the setter.
                                        // if you do anyway, bun will set design:type and design:paramtypes twice, so it's fine.
                                        if (prop.value) |prop_value| {
                                            const method_args = prop_value.data.e_function.func.args;
                                            {
                                                var args = p.allocator.alloc(Expr, 2) catch unreachable;
                                                args[0] = p.newExpr(E.String{ .data = "design:paramtypes" }, logger.Loc.Empty);

                                                const args_array = p.allocator.alloc(Expr, method_args.len) catch unreachable;
                                                for (args_array, method_args) |*entry, method_arg| {
                                                    entry.* = p.serializeMetadata(method_arg.ts_metadata) catch unreachable;
                                                }

                                                args[1] = p.newExpr(E.Array{ .items = ExprNodeList.init(args_array) }, logger.Loc.Empty);

                                                array.append(p.callRuntime(loc, "__legacyMetadataTS", args)) catch unreachable;
                                            }
                                            if (method_args.len >= 1) {
                                                var args = p.allocator.alloc(Expr, 2) catch unreachable;
                                                args[0] = p.newExpr(E.String{ .data = "design:type" }, logger.Loc.Empty);
                                                args[1] = p.serializeMetadata(method_args[0].ts_metadata) catch unreachable;
                                                array.append(p.callRuntime(loc, "__legacyMetadataTS", args)) catch unreachable;
                                            }
                                        }
                                    },
                                    .spread, .declare => {}, // not allowed in a class
                                    .class_static_block => {}, // not allowed to decorate this
                                }
                            }

                            const args = p.allocator.alloc(Expr, 4) catch unreachable;
                            args[0] = p.newExpr(E.Array{ .items = ExprNodeList.init(array.items) }, loc);
                            args[1] = target;
                            args[2] = descriptor_key;
                            args[3] = descriptor_kind;

                            const decorator = p.callRuntime(prop.key.?.loc, "__legacyDecorateClassTS", args);
                            const decorator_stmt = p.s(S.SExpr{ .value = decorator }, decorator.loc);

                            if (prop.flags.contains(.is_static)) {
                                static_decorators.append(decorator_stmt) catch unreachable;
                            } else {
                                instance_decorators.append(decorator_stmt) catch unreachable;
                            }
                        }

                        if (prop.kind != .class_static_block and !prop.flags.contains(.is_method) and prop.key.?.data != .e_private_identifier and prop.ts_decorators.len > 0) {
                            // remove decorated fields without initializers to avoid assigning undefined.
                            const initializer = if (prop.initializer) |initializer_value| initializer_value else continue;

                            var target: Expr = undefined;
                            if (prop.flags.contains(.is_static)) {
                                p.recordUsage(class.class_name.?.ref.?);
                                target = p.newExpr(E.Identifier{ .ref = class.class_name.?.ref.? }, class.class_name.?.loc);
                            } else {
                                target = p.newExpr(E.This{}, prop.key.?.loc);
                            }

                            if (prop.flags.contains(.is_computed) or prop.key.?.data == .e_number) {
                                target = p.newExpr(E.Index{
                                    .target = target,
                                    .index = prop.key.?,
                                }, prop.key.?.loc);
                            } else {
                                target = p.newExpr(E.Dot{
                                    .target = target,
                                    .name = prop.key.?.data.e_string.data,
                                    .name_loc = prop.key.?.loc,
                                }, prop.key.?.loc);
                            }

                            // remove fields with decorators from class body. Move static members outside of class.
                            if (prop.flags.contains(.is_static)) {
                                static_members.append(Stmt.assign(target, initializer)) catch unreachable;
                            } else {
                                instance_members.append(Stmt.assign(target, initializer)) catch unreachable;
                            }
                            continue;
                        }

                        class_properties.append(prop.*) catch unreachable;
                    }

                    class.properties = class_properties.items;

                    if (instance_members.items.len > 0) {
                        if (constructor_function == null) {
                            var properties = ListManaged(Property).fromOwnedSlice(p.allocator, class.properties);
                            var constructor_stmts = ListManaged(Stmt).init(p.allocator);

                            if (class.extends != null) {
                                const target = p.newExpr(E.Super{}, stmt.loc);
                                const arguments_ref = p.newSymbol(.unbound, arguments_str) catch unreachable;
                                p.current_scope.generated.push(p.allocator, arguments_ref) catch unreachable;

                                const super = p.newExpr(E.Spread{ .value = p.newExpr(E.Identifier{ .ref = arguments_ref }, stmt.loc) }, stmt.loc);
                                const args = ExprNodeList.one(p.allocator, super) catch unreachable;

                                constructor_stmts.append(p.s(S.SExpr{ .value = p.newExpr(E.Call{ .target = target, .args = args }, stmt.loc) }, stmt.loc)) catch unreachable;
                            }

                            constructor_stmts.appendSlice(instance_members.items) catch unreachable;

                            properties.insert(0, G.Property{
                                .flags = Flags.Property.init(.{ .is_method = true }),
                                .key = p.newExpr(E.String{ .data = "constructor" }, stmt.loc),
                                .value = p.newExpr(E.Function{ .func = G.Fn{
                                    .name = null,
                                    .open_parens_loc = logger.Loc.Empty,
                                    .args = &[_]Arg{},
                                    .body = .{ .loc = stmt.loc, .stmts = constructor_stmts.items },
                                    .flags = Flags.Function.init(.{}),
                                } }, stmt.loc),
                            }) catch unreachable;

                            class.properties = properties.items;
                        } else {
                            var constructor_stmts = ListManaged(Stmt).fromOwnedSlice(p.allocator, constructor_function.?.func.body.stmts);
                            // statements coming from class body inserted after super call or beginning of constructor.
                            var super_index: ?usize = null;
                            for (constructor_stmts.items, 0..) |item, index| {
                                if (item.data != .s_expr or item.data.s_expr.value.data != .e_call or item.data.s_expr.value.data.e_call.target.data != .e_super) continue;
                                super_index = index;
                                break;
                            }

                            const i = if (super_index) |j| j + 1 else 0;
                            constructor_stmts.insertSlice(i, instance_members.items) catch unreachable;

                            constructor_function.?.func.body.stmts = constructor_stmts.items;
                        }

                        // TODO: make sure "super()" comes before instance field initializers
                        // https://github.com/evanw/esbuild/blob/e9413cc4f7ab87263ea244a999c6fa1f1e34dc65/internal/js_parser/js_parser_lower.go#L2742
                    }

                    var stmts_count: usize = 1 + static_members.items.len + instance_decorators.items.len + static_decorators.items.len;
                    if (class.ts_decorators.len > 0) stmts_count += 1;
                    var stmts = ListManaged(Stmt).initCapacity(p.allocator, stmts_count) catch unreachable;
                    stmts.appendAssumeCapacity(stmt);
                    stmts.appendSliceAssumeCapacity(static_members.items);
                    stmts.appendSliceAssumeCapacity(instance_decorators.items);
                    stmts.appendSliceAssumeCapacity(static_decorators.items);
                    if (class.ts_decorators.len > 0) {
                        var array = class.ts_decorators.listManaged(p.allocator);

                        if (p.options.features.emit_decorator_metadata) {
                            if (constructor_function != null) {
                                // design:paramtypes
                                var args = p.allocator.alloc(Expr, 2) catch unreachable;
                                args[0] = p.newExpr(E.String{ .data = "design:paramtypes" }, logger.Loc.Empty);

                                const constructor_args = constructor_function.?.func.args;
                                if (constructor_args.len > 0) {
                                    var param_array = p.allocator.alloc(Expr, constructor_args.len) catch unreachable;

                                    for (constructor_args, 0..) |constructor_arg, i| {
                                        param_array[i] = p.serializeMetadata(constructor_arg.ts_metadata) catch unreachable;
                                    }

                                    args[1] = p.newExpr(E.Array{ .items = ExprNodeList.init(param_array) }, logger.Loc.Empty);
                                } else {
                                    args[1] = p.newExpr(E.Array{ .items = ExprNodeList.init(&[_]Expr{}) }, logger.Loc.Empty);
                                }

                                array.append(p.callRuntime(stmt.loc, "__legacyMetadataTS", args)) catch unreachable;
                            }
                        }

                        const args = p.allocator.alloc(Expr, 2) catch unreachable;
                        args[0] = p.newExpr(E.Array{ .items = ExprNodeList.init(array.items) }, stmt.loc);
                        args[1] = p.newExpr(E.Identifier{ .ref = class.class_name.?.ref.? }, class.class_name.?.loc);

                        stmts.appendAssumeCapacity(Stmt.assign(
                            p.newExpr(E.Identifier{ .ref = class.class_name.?.ref.? }, class.class_name.?.loc),
                            p.callRuntime(stmt.loc, "__legacyDecorateClassTS", args),
                        ));

                        p.recordUsage(class.class_name.?.ref.?);
                        p.recordUsage(class.class_name.?.ref.?);
                    }
                    return stmts.items;
                },
                .expr => |expr| {
                    var stmts = p.allocator.alloc(Stmt, 1) catch unreachable;
                    stmts[0] = p.s(S.SExpr{ .value = expr }, expr.loc);
                    return stmts;
                },
            }
        }

        fn serializeMetadata(noalias p: *P, ts_metadata: TypeScript.Metadata) !Expr {
            return switch (ts_metadata) {
                .m_none,
                .m_any,
                .m_unknown,
                .m_object,
                => p.newExpr(
                    E.Identifier{
                        .ref = (p.findSymbol(logger.Loc.Empty, "Object") catch unreachable).ref,
                    },
                    logger.Loc.Empty,
                ),

                .m_never,
                .m_undefined,
                .m_null,
                .m_void,
                => p.newExpr(
                    E.Undefined{},
                    logger.Loc.Empty,
                ),

                .m_string => p.newExpr(
                    E.Identifier{
                        .ref = (p.findSymbol(logger.Loc.Empty, "String") catch unreachable).ref,
                    },
                    logger.Loc.Empty,
                ),
                .m_number => p.newExpr(
                    E.Identifier{
                        .ref = (p.findSymbol(logger.Loc.Empty, "Number") catch unreachable).ref,
                    },
                    logger.Loc.Empty,
                ),
                .m_function => p.newExpr(
                    E.Identifier{
                        .ref = (p.findSymbol(logger.Loc.Empty, "Function") catch unreachable).ref,
                    },
                    logger.Loc.Empty,
                ),
                .m_boolean => p.newExpr(
                    E.Identifier{
                        .ref = (p.findSymbol(logger.Loc.Empty, "Boolean") catch unreachable).ref,
                    },
                    logger.Loc.Empty,
                ),
                .m_array => p.newExpr(
                    E.Identifier{
                        .ref = (p.findSymbol(logger.Loc.Empty, "Array") catch unreachable).ref,
                    },
                    logger.Loc.Empty,
                ),

                .m_bigint => p.maybeDefinedHelper(
                    p.newExpr(
                        E.Identifier{
                            .ref = (p.findSymbol(logger.Loc.Empty, "BigInt") catch unreachable).ref,
                        },
                        logger.Loc.Empty,
                    ),
                ),

                .m_symbol => p.maybeDefinedHelper(
                    p.newExpr(
                        E.Identifier{
                            .ref = (p.findSymbol(logger.Loc.Empty, "Symbol") catch unreachable).ref,
                        },
                        logger.Loc.Empty,
                    ),
                ),

                .m_promise => p.newExpr(
                    E.Identifier{
                        .ref = (p.findSymbol(logger.Loc.Empty, "Promise") catch unreachable).ref,
                    },
                    logger.Loc.Empty,
                ),

                .m_identifier => |ref| {
                    p.recordUsage(ref);
                    if (p.is_import_item.contains(ref)) {
                        return p.maybeDefinedHelper(p.newExpr(
                            E.ImportIdentifier{
                                .ref = ref,
                            },
                            logger.Loc.Empty,
                        ));
                    }

                    return p.maybeDefinedHelper(p.newExpr(
                        E.Identifier{ .ref = ref },
                        logger.Loc.Empty,
                    ));
                },

                .m_dot => |_refs| {
                    var refs = _refs;
                    bun.assert(refs.items.len >= 2);
                    defer refs.deinit(p.allocator);

                    var dots = p.newExpr(
                        E.Dot{
                            .name = p.loadNameFromRef(refs.items[refs.items.len - 1]),
                            .name_loc = logger.Loc.Empty,
                            .target = undefined,
                        },
                        logger.Loc.Empty,
                    );

                    var current_expr = &dots.data.e_dot.target;
                    var i: usize = refs.items.len - 2;
                    while (i > 0) {
                        current_expr.* = p.newExpr(E.Dot{
                            .name = p.loadNameFromRef(refs.items[i]),
                            .name_loc = logger.Loc.Empty,
                            .target = undefined,
                        }, logger.Loc.Empty);
                        current_expr = &current_expr.data.e_dot.target;
                        i -= 1;
                    }

                    if (p.is_import_item.contains(refs.items[0])) {
                        current_expr.* = p.newExpr(
                            E.ImportIdentifier{
                                .ref = refs.items[0],
                            },
                            logger.Loc.Empty,
                        );
                    } else {
                        current_expr.* = p.newExpr(
                            E.Identifier{
                                .ref = refs.items[0],
                            },
                            logger.Loc.Empty,
                        );
                    }

                    const dot_identifier = current_expr.*;
                    var current_dot = dots;

                    var maybe_defined_dots = p.newExpr(
                        E.Binary{
                            .op = .bin_logical_or,
                            .right = try p.checkIfDefinedHelper(current_dot),
                            .left = undefined,
                        },
                        logger.Loc.Empty,
                    );

                    if (i < refs.items.len - 2) {
                        current_dot = current_dot.data.e_dot.target;
                    }
                    current_expr = &maybe_defined_dots.data.e_binary.left;

                    while (i < refs.items.len - 2) {
                        current_expr.* = p.newExpr(
                            E.Binary{
                                .op = .bin_logical_or,
                                .right = try p.checkIfDefinedHelper(current_dot),
                                .left = undefined,
                            },
                            logger.Loc.Empty,
                        );

                        current_expr = &current_expr.data.e_binary.left;
                        i += 1;
                        if (i < refs.items.len - 2) {
                            current_dot = current_dot.data.e_dot.target;
                        }
                    }

                    current_expr.* = try p.checkIfDefinedHelper(dot_identifier);

                    const root = p.newExpr(
                        E.If{
                            .yes = p.newExpr(
                                E.Identifier{
                                    .ref = (p.findSymbol(logger.Loc.Empty, "Object") catch unreachable).ref,
                                },
                                logger.Loc.Empty,
                            ),
                            .no = dots,
                            .test_ = maybe_defined_dots,
                        },
                        logger.Loc.Empty,
                    );

                    return root;
                },
            };
        }

        fn checkIfDefinedHelper(p: *P, expr: Expr) !Expr {
            return p.newExpr(
                E.Binary{
                    .op = .bin_strict_eq,
                    .left = p.newExpr(
                        E.Unary{
                            .op = .un_typeof,
                            .value = expr,
                        },
                        logger.Loc.Empty,
                    ),
                    .right = p.newExpr(
                        E.String{ .data = "undefined" },
                        logger.Loc.Empty,
                    ),
                },
                logger.Loc.Empty,
            );
        }

        fn maybeDefinedHelper(p: *P, identifier_expr: Expr) !Expr {
            return p.newExpr(
                E.If{
                    .test_ = try p.checkIfDefinedHelper(identifier_expr),
                    .yes = p.newExpr(
                        E.Identifier{
                            .ref = (p.findSymbol(logger.Loc.Empty, "Object") catch unreachable).ref,
                        },
                        logger.Loc.Empty,
                    ),
                    .no = identifier_expr,
                },
                logger.Loc.Empty,
            );
        }

        fn visitForLoopInit(p: *P, stmt: Stmt, is_in_or_of: bool) Stmt {
            switch (stmt.data) {
                .s_expr => |st| {
                    const assign_target = if (is_in_or_of) js_ast.AssignTarget.replace else js_ast.AssignTarget.none;
                    p.stmt_expr_value = st.value.data;
                    st.value = p.visitExprInOut(st.value, ExprIn{ .assign_target = assign_target });
                },
                .s_local => |st| {
                    for (st.decls.slice()) |*dec| {
                        p.visitBinding(dec.binding, null);
                        if (dec.value) |val| {
                            dec.value = p.visitExpr(val);
                        }
                    }
                    st.kind = p.selectLocalKind(st.kind);
                },
                else => {
                    p.panic("Unexpected stmt in visitForLoopInit: {any}", .{stmt});
                },
            }

            return stmt;
        }

        fn wrapIdentifierNamespace(
            p: *P,
            loc: logger.Loc,
            ref: Ref,
        ) Expr {
            const enclosing_ref = p.enclosing_namespace_arg_ref.?;
            p.recordUsage(enclosing_ref);

            return p.newExpr(E.Dot{
                .target = Expr.initIdentifier(enclosing_ref, loc),
                .name = p.symbols.items[ref.innerIndex()].original_name,
                .name_loc = loc,
            }, loc);
        }

        fn wrapIdentifierHoisting(
            p: *P,
            loc: logger.Loc,
            ref: Ref,
        ) Expr {
            // There was a Zig stage1 bug here we had to copy `ref` into a local
            // const variable or else the result would be wrong
            // I remember that bug in particular took hours, possibly days to uncover.

            p.relocated_top_level_vars.append(p.allocator, LocRef{ .loc = loc, .ref = ref }) catch unreachable;
            p.recordUsage(ref);
            return Expr.initIdentifier(ref, loc);
        }

        fn wrapInlinedEnum(noalias p: *P, value: Expr, comment: string) Expr {
            if (bun.strings.containsComptime(comment, "*/")) {
                // Don't wrap with a comment
                return value;
            }

            // Wrap with a comment
            return p.newExpr(E.InlinedEnum{
                .value = value,
                .comment = comment,
            }, value.loc);
        }

        fn valueForDefine(noalias p: *P, loc: logger.Loc, assign_target: js_ast.AssignTarget, is_delete_target: bool, define_data: *const DefineData) Expr {
            switch (define_data.value) {
                .e_identifier => {
                    return p.handleIdentifier(
                        loc,
                        define_data.value.e_identifier,
                        define_data.original_name.?,
                        IdentifierOpts{
                            .assign_target = assign_target,
                            .is_delete_target = is_delete_target,
                            .was_originally_identifier = true,
                        },
                    );
                },
                .e_string => |str| {
                    return p.newExpr(str, loc);
                },
                else => {},
            }

            return Expr{
                .data = define_data.value,
                .loc = loc,
            };
        }

        fn isDotDefineMatch(noalias p: *P, expr: Expr, parts: []const string) bool {
            switch (expr.data) {
                .e_dot => |ex| {
                    if (parts.len > 1) {
                        if (ex.optional_chain != null) {
                            return false;
                        }

                        // Intermediates must be dot expressions
                        const last = parts.len - 1;
                        const is_tail_match = strings.eql(parts[last], ex.name);
                        return is_tail_match and p.isDotDefineMatch(ex.target, parts[0..last]);
                    }
                },
                .e_import_meta => {
                    return (parts.len == 2 and strings.eqlComptime(parts[0], "import") and strings.eqlComptime(parts[1], "meta"));
                },
                // Note: this behavior differs from esbuild
                // esbuild does not try to match index accessors
                // we do, but only if it's a UTF8 string
                // the intent is to handle people using this form instead of E.Dot. So we really only want to do this if the accessor can also be an identifier
                .e_index => |index| {
                    if (parts.len > 1 and index.index.data == .e_string and index.index.data.e_string.isUTF8()) {
                        if (index.optional_chain != null) {
                            return false;
                        }

                        const last = parts.len - 1;
                        const is_tail_match = strings.eql(parts[last], index.index.data.e_string.slice(p.allocator));
                        return is_tail_match and p.isDotDefineMatch(index.target, parts[0..last]);
                    }
                },
                .e_identifier => |ex| {

                    // The last expression must be an identifier
                    if (parts.len == 1) {
                        const name = p.loadNameFromRef(ex.ref);
                        if (!strings.eql(name, parts[0])) {
                            return false;
                        }

                        const result = p.findSymbolWithRecordUsage(expr.loc, name, false) catch return false;

                        // We must not be in a "with" statement scope
                        if (result.is_inside_with_scope) {
                            return false;
                        }

                        // when there's actually no symbol by that name, we return Ref.None
                        // If a symbol had already existed by that name, we return .unbound
                        return (result.ref.isNull() or p.symbols.items[result.ref.innerIndex()].kind == .unbound);
                    }
                },
                else => {},
            }

            return false;
        }

        fn visitBinding(noalias p: *P, binding: BindingNodeIndex, duplicate_arg_check: ?*StringVoidMap) void {
            switch (binding.data) {
                .b_missing => {},
                .b_identifier => |bind| {
                    p.recordDeclaredSymbol(bind.ref) catch unreachable;
                    const name = p.symbols.items[bind.ref.innerIndex()].original_name;
                    if (isEvalOrArguments(name)) {
                        p.markStrictModeFeature(.eval_or_arguments, js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, binding.loc), name) catch unreachable;
                    }
                    if (duplicate_arg_check) |dup| {
                        if (dup.getOrPutContains(name)) {
                            p.log.addRangeErrorFmt(
                                p.source,
                                js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, binding.loc),
                                p.allocator,
                                "\"{s}\" cannot be bound multiple times in the same parameter list",
                                .{name},
                            ) catch unreachable;
                        }
                    }
                },
                .b_array => |bind| {
                    for (bind.items) |*item| {
                        p.visitBinding(item.binding, duplicate_arg_check);
                        if (item.default_value) |default_value| {
                            const was_anonymous_named_expr = default_value.isAnonymousNamed();
                            item.default_value = p.visitExpr(default_value);

                            switch (item.binding.data) {
                                .b_identifier => |bind_| {
                                    item.default_value = p.maybeKeepExprSymbolName(
                                        item.default_value orelse unreachable,
                                        p.symbols.items[bind_.ref.innerIndex()].original_name,
                                        was_anonymous_named_expr,
                                    );
                                },
                                else => {},
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
                .b_object => |bind| {
                    for (bind.properties) |*property| {
                        if (!property.flags.contains(.is_spread)) {
                            property.key = p.visitExpr(property.key);
                        }

                        p.visitBinding(property.value, duplicate_arg_check);
                        if (property.default_value) |default_value| {
                            const was_anonymous_named_expr = default_value.isAnonymousNamed();
                            property.default_value = p.visitExpr(default_value);

                            switch (property.value.data) {
                                .b_identifier => |bind_| {
                                    property.default_value = p.maybeKeepExprSymbolName(
                                        property.default_value orelse unreachable,
                                        p.symbols.items[bind_.ref.innerIndex()].original_name,
                                        was_anonymous_named_expr,
                                    );
                                },
                                else => {},
                            }
                        }
                    }
                },
            }
        }

        fn visitLoopBody(noalias p: *P, stmt: StmtNodeIndex) StmtNodeIndex {
            const old_is_inside_loop = p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit.is_inside_loop;
            p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit.is_inside_loop = true;
            p.loop_body = stmt.data;
            const res = p.visitSingleStmt(stmt, .loop_body);
            p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit.is_inside_loop = old_is_inside_loop;
            return res;
        }

        fn visitSingleStmtBlock(noalias p: *P, stmt: Stmt, kind: StmtsKind) Stmt {
            var new_stmt = stmt;
            p.pushScopeForVisitPass(.block, stmt.loc) catch unreachable;
            var stmts = ListManaged(Stmt).initCapacity(p.allocator, stmt.data.s_block.stmts.len) catch unreachable;
            stmts.appendSlice(stmt.data.s_block.stmts) catch unreachable;
            p.visitStmts(&stmts, kind) catch unreachable;
            p.popScope();
            new_stmt.data.s_block.stmts = stmts.items;
            if (p.options.features.minify_syntax) {
                new_stmt = p.stmtsToSingleStmt(stmt.loc, stmts.items);
            }

            return new_stmt;
        }

        fn visitSingleStmt(noalias p: *P, stmt: Stmt, kind: StmtsKind) Stmt {
            if (stmt.data == .s_block) {
                return p.visitSingleStmtBlock(stmt, kind);
            }

            const has_if_scope = switch (stmt.data) {
                .s_function => stmt.data.s_function.func.flags.contains(.has_if_scope),
                else => false,
            };

            // Introduce a fake block scope for function declarations inside if statements
            if (has_if_scope) {
                p.pushScopeForVisitPass(.block, stmt.loc) catch unreachable;
            }

            var stmts = ListManaged(Stmt).initCapacity(p.allocator, 1) catch unreachable;
            stmts.append(stmt) catch unreachable;
            p.visitStmts(&stmts, kind) catch unreachable;

            if (has_if_scope) {
                p.popScope();
            }

            return p.stmtsToSingleStmt(stmt.loc, stmts.items);
        }

        // One statement could potentially expand to several statements
        fn stmtsToSingleStmt(noalias p: *P, loc: logger.Loc, stmts: []Stmt) Stmt {
            if (stmts.len == 0) {
                return Stmt{ .data = Prefill.Data.SEmpty, .loc = loc };
            }

            if (stmts.len == 1 and !statementCaresAboutScope(stmts[0])) {
                // "let" and "const" must be put in a block when in a single-statement context
                return stmts[0];
            }

            return p.s(S.Block{ .stmts = stmts }, loc);
        }

        fn findLabelSymbol(noalias p: *P, loc: logger.Loc, name: string) FindLabelSymbolResult {
            var res = FindLabelSymbolResult{ .ref = Ref.None, .is_loop = false };

            var _scope: ?*Scope = p.current_scope;

            while (_scope != null and !_scope.?.kindStopsHoisting()) : (_scope = _scope.?.parent.?) {
                const scope = _scope orelse unreachable;
                const label_ref = scope.label_ref orelse continue;
                if (scope.kind == .label and strings.eql(name, p.symbols.items[label_ref.innerIndex()].original_name)) {
                    // Track how many times we've referenced this symbol
                    p.recordUsage(label_ref);
                    res.ref = label_ref;
                    res.is_loop = scope.label_stmt_is_loop;
                    res.found = true;
                    return res;
                }
            }

            const r = js_lexer.rangeOfIdentifier(p.source, loc);
            p.log.addRangeErrorFmt(p.source, r, p.allocator, "There is no containing label named \"{s}\"", .{name}) catch unreachable;

            // Allocate an "unbound" symbol
            const ref = p.newSymbol(.unbound, name) catch unreachable;

            // Track how many times we've referenced this symbol
            p.recordUsage(ref);

            return res;
        }

        fn visitClass(noalias p: *P, name_scope_loc: logger.Loc, noalias class: *G.Class, default_name_ref: Ref) Ref {
            if (only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit) {
                @compileError("only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit must not run this.");
            }

            class.ts_decorators = p.visitTSDecorators(class.ts_decorators);

            if (class.class_name) |name| {
                p.recordDeclaredSymbol(name.ref.?) catch unreachable;
            }

            p.pushScopeForVisitPass(.class_name, name_scope_loc) catch unreachable;
            const old_enclosing_class_keyword = p.enclosing_class_keyword;
            p.enclosing_class_keyword = class.class_keyword;
            p.current_scope.recursiveSetStrictMode(.implicit_strict_mode_class);
            var shadow_ref = Ref.None;

            // Insert a shadowing name that spans the whole class, which matches
            // JavaScript's semantics. The class body (and extends clause) "captures" the
            // original value of the name. This matters for class statements because the
            // symbol can be re-assigned to something else later. The captured values
            // must be the original value of the name, not the re-assigned value.
            // Use "const" for this symbol to match JavaScript run-time semantics. You
            // are not allowed to assign to this symbol (it throws a TypeError).
            if (class.class_name) |name| {
                shadow_ref = name.ref.?;
                p.current_scope.members.put(
                    p.allocator,
                    p.symbols.items[shadow_ref.innerIndex()].original_name,
                    Scope.Member{ .ref = name.ref orelse Ref.None, .loc = name.loc },
                ) catch unreachable;
            } else {
                const name_str: []const u8 = if (default_name_ref.isNull()) "_this" else "_default";
                shadow_ref = p.newSymbol(.constant, name_str) catch unreachable;
            }

            p.recordDeclaredSymbol(shadow_ref) catch unreachable;

            if (class.extends) |extends| {
                class.extends = p.visitExpr(extends);
            }

            {
                p.pushScopeForVisitPass(.class_body, class.body_loc) catch unreachable;
                defer {
                    p.popScope();
                    p.enclosing_class_keyword = old_enclosing_class_keyword;
                }

                var constructor_function: ?*E.Function = null;
                for (class.properties) |*property| {
                    if (property.kind == .class_static_block) {
                        const old_fn_or_arrow_data = p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit;
                        const old_fn_only_data = p.fn_only_data_visit;
                        p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit = .{};
                        p.fn_only_data_visit = .{
                            .is_this_nested = true,
                            .is_new_target_allowed = true,
                            .class_name_ref = &shadow_ref,

                            // TODO: down transpilation
                            .should_replace_this_with_class_name_ref = false,
                        };
                        p.pushScopeForVisitPass(.class_static_init, property.class_static_block.?.loc) catch unreachable;

                        // Make it an error to use "arguments" in a static class block
                        p.current_scope.forbid_arguments = true;

                        var list = property.class_static_block.?.stmts.listManaged(p.allocator);
                        p.visitStmts(&list, .fn_body) catch unreachable;
                        property.class_static_block.?.stmts = js_ast.BabyList(Stmt).fromList(list);
                        p.popScope();

                        p.fn_or_arrow_data_visit = old_fn_or_arrow_data;
                        p.fn_only_data_visit = old_fn_only_data;

                        continue;
                    }
                    property.ts_decorators = p.visitTSDecorators(property.ts_decorators);
                    const is_private = if (property.key != null) @as(Expr.Tag, property.key.?.data) == .e_private_identifier else false;

                    // Special-case EPrivateIdentifier to allow it here

                    if (is_private) {
                        p.recordDeclaredSymbol(property.key.?.data.e_private_identifier.ref) catch unreachable;
                    } else if (property.key) |key| {
                        property.key = p.visitExpr(key);
                    }

                    // Make it an error to use "arguments" in a class body
                    p.current_scope.forbid_arguments = true;
                    defer p.current_scope.forbid_arguments = false;

                    // The value of "this" is shadowed inside property values
                    const old_is_this_captured = p.fn_only_data_visit.is_this_nested;
                    const old_class_name_ref = p.fn_only_data_visit.class_name_ref;
                    p.fn_only_data_visit.is_this_nested = true;
                    p.fn_only_data_visit.is_new_target_allowed = true;
                    p.fn_only_data_visit.class_name_ref = &shadow_ref;
                    defer p.fn_only_data_visit.is_this_nested = old_is_this_captured;
                    defer p.fn_only_data_visit.class_name_ref = old_class_name_ref;

                    // We need to explicitly assign the name to the property initializer if it
                    // will be transformed such that it is no longer an inline initializer.

                    var constructor_function_: ?*E.Function = null;

                    var name_to_keep: ?string = null;
                    if (is_private) {} else if (!property.flags.contains(.is_method) and !property.flags.contains(.is_computed)) {
                        if (property.key) |key| {
                            if (@as(Expr.Tag, key.data) == .e_string) {
                                name_to_keep = key.data.e_string.string(p.allocator) catch unreachable;
                            }
                        }
                    } else if (property.flags.contains(.is_method)) {
                        if (comptime is_typescript_enabled) {
                            if (property.value.?.data == .e_function and property.key.?.data == .e_string and
                                property.key.?.data.e_string.eqlComptime("constructor"))
                            {
                                constructor_function_ = property.value.?.data.e_function;
                                constructor_function = constructor_function_;
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if (property.value) |val| {
                        if (name_to_keep) |name| {
                            const was_anon = val.isAnonymousNamed();
                            property.value = p.maybeKeepExprSymbolName(p.visitExpr(val), name, was_anon);
                        } else {
                            property.value = p.visitExpr(val);
                        }

                        if (comptime is_typescript_enabled) {
                            if (constructor_function_ != null and property.value != null and property.value.?.data == .e_function) {
                                constructor_function = property.value.?.data.e_function;
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if (property.initializer) |val| {
                        // if (property.flags.is_static and )
                        if (name_to_keep) |name| {
                            const was_anon = val.isAnonymousNamed();
                            property.initializer = p.maybeKeepExprSymbolName(p.visitExpr(val), name, was_anon);
                        } else {
                            property.initializer = p.visitExpr(val);
                        }
                    }
                }

                // note: our version assumes useDefineForClassFields is true
                if (comptime is_typescript_enabled) {
                    if (constructor_function) |constructor| {
                        var to_add: usize = 0;
                        for (constructor.func.args) |arg| {
                            to_add += @intFromBool(arg.is_typescript_ctor_field and arg.binding.data == .b_identifier);
                        }

                        // if this is an expression, we can move statements after super() because there will be 0 decorators
                        var super_index: ?usize = null;
                        if (class.extends != null) {
                            for (constructor.func.body.stmts, 0..) |stmt, index| {
                                if (stmt.data != .s_expr or stmt.data.s_expr.value.data != .e_call or stmt.data.s_expr.value.data.e_call.target.data != .e_super) continue;
                                super_index = index;
                                break;
                            }
                        }

                        if (to_add > 0) {
                            // to match typescript behavior, we also must prepend to the class body
                            var stmts = std.ArrayList(Stmt).fromOwnedSlice(p.allocator, constructor.func.body.stmts);
                            stmts.ensureUnusedCapacity(to_add) catch unreachable;
                            var class_body = std.ArrayList(G.Property).fromOwnedSlice(p.allocator, class.properties);
                            class_body.ensureUnusedCapacity(to_add) catch unreachable;
                            var j: usize = 0;

                            for (constructor.func.args) |arg| {
                                if (arg.is_typescript_ctor_field) {
                                    switch (arg.binding.data) {
                                        .b_identifier => |id| {
                                            const arg_symbol = p.symbols.items[id.ref.innerIndex()];
                                            const name = arg_symbol.original_name;
                                            const arg_ident = p.newExpr(E.Identifier{ .ref = id.ref }, arg.binding.loc);

                                            stmts.insert(if (super_index) |k| j + k + 1 else j, Stmt.assign(
                                                p.newExpr(E.Dot{
                                                    .target = p.newExpr(E.This{}, arg.binding.loc),
                                                    .name = name,
                                                    .name_loc = arg.binding.loc,
                                                }, arg.binding.loc),
                                                arg_ident,
                                            )) catch unreachable;
                                            // O(N)
                                            class_body.items.len += 1;
                                            bun.copy(G.Property, class_body.items[j + 1 ..], class_body.items[j .. class_body.items.len - 1]);
                                            // Copy the argument name symbol to prevent the class field declaration from being renamed
                                            // but not the constructor argument.
                                            const field_symbol_ref = p.declareSymbol(.other, arg.binding.loc, name) catch id.ref;
                                            field_symbol_ref.getSymbol(p.symbols.items).must_not_be_renamed = true;
                                            const field_ident = p.newExpr(E.Identifier{ .ref = field_symbol_ref }, arg.binding.loc);
                                            class_body.items[j] = G.Property{ .key = field_ident };
                                            j += 1;
                                        },
                                        else => {},
                                    }
                                }
                            }

                            class.properties = class_body.items;
                            constructor.func.body.stmts = stmts.items;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if (p.symbols.items[shadow_ref.innerIndex()].use_count_estimate == 0) {
                // If there was originally no class name but something inside needed one
                // (e.g. there was a static property initializer that referenced "this"),
                // store our generated name so the class expression ends up with a name.
                shadow_ref = Ref.None;
            } else if (class.class_name == null) {
                class.class_name = LocRef{
                    .ref = shadow_ref,
                    .loc = name_scope_loc,
                };
                p.recordDeclaredSymbol(shadow_ref) catch unreachable;
            }

            // class name scope
            p.popScope();

            return shadow_ref;
        }

        fn keepStmtSymbolName(p: *P, loc: logger.Loc, ref: Ref, name: string) Stmt {
            _ = p;
            _ = loc;
            _ = ref;
            _ = name;
            // TODO:
            @compileError("not implemented");
        }

        fn runtimeIdentifierRef(p: *P, loc: logger.Loc, comptime name: string) Ref {
            p.has_called_runtime = true;

            if (!p.runtime_imports.contains(name)) {
                if (!p.options.bundle) {
                    const generated_symbol = p.declareGeneratedSymbol(.other, name) catch unreachable;
                    p.runtime_imports.put(name, generated_symbol);
                    return generated_symbol;
                } else {
                    const loc_ref = js_ast.LocRef{
                        .loc = loc,
                        .ref = p.newSymbol(.other, name) catch unreachable,
                    };
                    p.runtime_imports.put(
                        name,
                        loc_ref.ref.?,
                    );
                    p.module_scope.generated.push(p.allocator, loc_ref.ref.?) catch unreachable;
                    return loc_ref.ref.?;
                }
            } else {
                return p.runtime_imports.at(name).?;
            }
        }

        fn runtimeIdentifier(p: *P, loc: logger.Loc, comptime name: string) Expr {
            const ref = p.runtimeIdentifierRef(loc, name);
            p.recordUsage(ref);
            return p.newExpr(
                E.ImportIdentifier{
                    .ref = ref,
                    .was_originally_identifier = false,
                },
                loc,
            );
        }

        fn callRuntime(p: *P, loc: logger.Loc, comptime name: string, args: []Expr) Expr {
            return p.newExpr(
                E.Call{
                    .target = p.runtimeIdentifier(loc, name),
                    .args = ExprNodeList.init(args),
                },
                loc,
            );
        }

        // Try separating the list for appending, so that it's not a pointer.
        fn visitStmts(p: *P, stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), kind: StmtsKind) anyerror!void {
            if (only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit) {
                @compileError("only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit must not run this.");
            }

            const initial_scope = if (comptime Environment.allow_assert) p.current_scope;

            {
                // Save the current control-flow liveness. This represents if we are
                // currently inside an "if (false) { ... }" block.
                const old_is_control_flow_dead = p.is_control_flow_dead;
                defer p.is_control_flow_dead = old_is_control_flow_dead;

                var before = ListManaged(Stmt).init(p.allocator);
                defer before.deinit();

                var after = ListManaged(Stmt).init(p.allocator);
                defer after.deinit();

                // Preprocess TypeScript enums to improve code generation. Otherwise
                // uses of an enum before that enum has been declared won't be inlined:
                //
                //   console.log(Foo.FOO) // We want "FOO" to be inlined here
                //   const enum Foo { FOO = 0 }
                //
                // The TypeScript compiler itself contains code with this pattern, so
                // it's important to implement this optimization.
                var preprocessed_enums: std.ArrayListUnmanaged([]Stmt) = .{};
                defer preprocessed_enums.deinit(p.allocator);
                if (p.scopes_in_order_for_enum.count() > 0) {
                    var found: usize = 0;
                    for (stmts.items) |*stmt| {
                        if (stmt.data == .s_enum) {
                            const old_scopes_in_order = p.scope_order_to_visit;
                            defer p.scope_order_to_visit = old_scopes_in_order;

                            p.scope_order_to_visit = p.scopes_in_order_for_enum.get(stmt.loc).?;

                            var temp = ListManaged(Stmt).init(p.allocator);
                            try p.visitAndAppendStmt(&temp, stmt);
                            try preprocessed_enums.append(p.allocator, temp.items);
                            found += 1;
                        }
                    }
                }

                if (p.current_scope == p.module_scope) {
                    p.macro.prepend_stmts = &before;
                }

                // visit all statements first
                var visited = try ListManaged(Stmt).initCapacity(p.allocator, stmts.items.len);
                defer visited.deinit();

                const prev_nearest_stmt_list = p.nearest_stmt_list;
                defer p.nearest_stmt_list = prev_nearest_stmt_list;
                p.nearest_stmt_list = &before;

                var preprocessed_enum_i: usize = 0;

                for (stmts.items) |*stmt| {
                    const list = list_getter: {
                        switch (stmt.data) {
                            .s_export_equals => {
                                // TypeScript "export = value;" becomes "module.exports = value;". This
                                // must happen at the end after everything is parsed because TypeScript
                                // moves this statement to the end when it generates code.
                                break :list_getter &after;
                            },
                            .s_function => |data| {
                                if (
                                // Manually hoist block-level function declarations to preserve semantics.
                                // This is only done for function declarations that are not generators
                                // or async functions, since this is a backwards-compatibility hack from
                                // Annex B of the JavaScript standard.
                                !p.current_scope.kindStopsHoisting() and
                                    p.symbols.items[data.func.name.?.ref.?.innerIndex()].kind == .hoisted_function)
                                {
                                    break :list_getter &before;
                                }
                            },
                            .s_enum => {
                                const enum_stmts = preprocessed_enums.items[preprocessed_enum_i];
                                preprocessed_enum_i += 1;
                                try visited.appendSlice(enum_stmts);
                                p.scope_order_to_visit = p.scope_order_to_visit[1..];
                                continue;
                            },
                            else => {},
                        }
                        break :list_getter &visited;
                    };
                    try p.visitAndAppendStmt(list, stmt);
                }

                // Transform block-level function declarations into variable declarations
                if (before.items.len > 0) {
                    var let_decls = ListManaged(G.Decl).init(p.allocator);
                    var var_decls = ListManaged(G.Decl).init(p.allocator);
                    var non_fn_stmts = ListManaged(Stmt).init(p.allocator);
                    var fn_stmts = std.AutoHashMap(Ref, u32).init(p.allocator);

                    defer {
                        non_fn_stmts.deinit();
                        fn_stmts.deinit();
                    }

                    for (before.items) |stmt| {
                        switch (stmt.data) {
                            .s_function => |data| {
                                // This transformation of function declarations in nested scopes is
                                // intended to preserve the hoisting semantics of the original code. In
                                // JavaScript, function hoisting works differently in strict mode vs.
                                // sloppy mode code. We want the code we generate to use the semantics of
                                // the original environment, not the generated environment. However, if
                                // direct "eval" is present then it's not possible to preserve the
                                // semantics because we need two identifiers to do that and direct "eval"
                                // means neither identifier can be renamed to something else. So in that
                                // case we give up and do not preserve the semantics of the original code.
                                const name_ref = data.func.name.?.ref.?;
                                if (p.current_scope.contains_direct_eval) {
                                    if (p.hoisted_ref_for_sloppy_mode_block_fn.get(name_ref)) |hoisted_ref| {
                                        // Merge the two identifiers back into a single one
                                        p.symbols.items[hoisted_ref.innerIndex()].link = name_ref;
                                    }
                                    non_fn_stmts.append(stmt) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                                    continue;
                                }

                                const gpe = fn_stmts.getOrPut(name_ref) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                                var index = gpe.value_ptr.*;
                                if (!gpe.found_existing) {
                                    index = @as(u32, @intCast(let_decls.items.len));
                                    gpe.value_ptr.* = index;
                                    let_decls.append(.{
                                        .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{
                                            .ref = name_ref,
                                        }, data.func.name.?.loc),
                                    }) catch unreachable;

                                    // Also write the function to the hoisted sibling symbol if applicable
                                    if (p.hoisted_ref_for_sloppy_mode_block_fn.get(name_ref)) |hoisted_ref| {
                                        p.recordUsage(name_ref);
                                        var_decls.append(.{
                                            .binding = p.b(
                                                B.Identifier{ .ref = hoisted_ref },
                                                data.func.name.?.loc,
                                            ),
                                            .value = p.newExpr(
                                                E.Identifier{
                                                    .ref = name_ref,
                                                },
                                                data.func.name.?.loc,
                                            ),
                                        }) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                                    }
                                }

                                // The last function statement for a given symbol wins
                                data.func.name = null;
                                let_decls.items[index].value = p.newExpr(
                                    E.Function{
                                        .func = data.func,
                                    },
                                    stmt.loc,
                                );
                            },
                            else => {
                                non_fn_stmts.append(stmt) catch unreachable;
                            },
                        }
                    }
                    before.items.len = 0;

                    before.ensureUnusedCapacity(@as(usize, @intFromBool(let_decls.items.len > 0)) + @as(usize, @intFromBool(var_decls.items.len > 0)) + non_fn_stmts.items.len) catch unreachable;

                    if (let_decls.items.len > 0) {
                        before.appendAssumeCapacity(p.s(
                            S.Local{
                                .kind = .k_let,
                                .decls = Decl.List.fromList(let_decls),
                            },
                            let_decls.items[0].value.?.loc,
                        ));
                    }

                    if (var_decls.items.len > 0) {
                        const relocated = p.maybeRelocateVarsToTopLevel(var_decls.items, .normal);
                        if (relocated.ok) {
                            if (relocated.stmt) |new| {
                                before.appendAssumeCapacity(new);
                            }
                        } else {
                            before.appendAssumeCapacity(p.s(
                                S.Local{
                                    .kind = .k_var,
                                    .decls = Decl.List.fromList(var_decls),
                                },
                                var_decls.items[0].value.?.loc,
                            ));
                        }
                    }

                    before.appendSliceAssumeCapacity(non_fn_stmts.items);
                }

                var visited_count = visited.items.len;
                if (p.is_control_flow_dead) {
                    var end: usize = 0;
                    for (visited.items) |item| {
                        if (!SideEffects.shouldKeepStmtInDeadControlFlow(p, item, p.allocator)) {
                            continue;
                        }

                        visited.items[end] = item;
                        end += 1;
                    }
                    visited_count = end;
                }

                const total_size = visited_count + before.items.len + after.items.len;

                if (total_size != stmts.items.len) {
                    try stmts.resize(total_size);
                }

                var remain = stmts.items;

                for (before.items) |item| {
                    remain[0] = item;
                    remain = remain[1..];
                }

                const visited_slice = visited.items[0..visited_count];
                for (visited_slice) |item| {
                    remain[0] = item;
                    remain = remain[1..];
                }

                for (after.items) |item| {
                    remain[0] = item;
                    remain = remain[1..];
                }
            }

            // Lower using declarations
            if (kind != .switch_stmt and p.shouldLowerUsingDeclarations(stmts.items)) {
                var ctx = try LowerUsingDeclarationsContext.init(p);
                ctx.scanStmts(p, stmts.items);
                stmts.* = ctx.finalize(p, stmts.items, p.current_scope.parent == null);
            }

            if (comptime Environment.allow_assert)
                // if this fails it means that scope pushing/popping is not balanced
                assert(p.current_scope == initial_scope);

            if (!p.options.features.minify_syntax or !p.options.features.dead_code_elimination) {
                return;
            }

            if (p.current_scope.parent != null and !p.current_scope.contains_direct_eval) {
                // Remove inlined constants now that we know whether any of these statements
                // contained a direct eval() or not. This can't be done earlier when we
                // encounter the constant because we haven't encountered the eval() yet.
                // Inlined constants are not removed if they are in a top-level scope or
                // if they are exported (which could be in a nested TypeScript namespace).
                if (p.const_values.count() > 0) {
                    const items: []Stmt = stmts.items;
                    for (items) |*stmt| {
                        switch (stmt.data) {
                            .s_empty, .s_comment, .s_directive, .s_debugger, .s_type_script => continue,
                            .s_local => |local| {
                                if (!local.is_export and !local.was_commonjs_export) {
                                    var decls: []Decl = local.decls.slice();
                                    var end: usize = 0;
                                    var any_decl_in_const_values = local.kind == .k_const;
                                    for (decls) |decl| {
                                        if (decl.binding.data == .b_identifier) {
                                            if (p.const_values.contains(decl.binding.data.b_identifier.ref)) {
                                                any_decl_in_const_values = true;
                                                const symbol = p.symbols.items[decl.binding.data.b_identifier.ref.innerIndex()];
                                                if (symbol.use_count_estimate == 0) {
                                                    // Skip declarations that are constants with zero usage
                                                    continue;
                                                }
                                            }
                                        }
                                        decls[end] = decl;
                                        end += 1;
                                    }
                                    local.decls.len = @as(u32, @truncate(end));
                                    if (any_decl_in_const_values) {
                                        if (end == 0) {
                                            stmt.* = stmt.*.toEmpty();
                                        }
                                        continue;
                                    }
                                }
                            },
                            else => {},
                        }

                        // Break after processing relevant statements
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }

            var is_control_flow_dead = false;

            var output = ListManaged(Stmt).initCapacity(p.allocator, stmts.items.len) catch unreachable;

            for (stmts.items) |stmt| {
                if (is_control_flow_dead and p.options.features.dead_code_elimination and
                    !SideEffects.shouldKeepStmtInDeadControlFlow(p, stmt, p.allocator))
                {
                    // Strip unnecessary statements if the control flow is dead here
                    continue;
                }

                // Inline single-use variable declarations where possible:
                //
                //   // Before
                //   let x = fn();
                //   return x.y();
                //
                //   // After
                //   return fn().y();
                //
                // The declaration must not be exported. We can't just check for the
                // "export" keyword because something might do "export {id};" later on.
                // Instead we just ignore all top-level declarations for now. That means
                // this optimization currently only applies in nested scopes.
                //
                // Ignore declarations if the scope is shadowed by a direct "eval" call.
                // The eval'd code may indirectly reference this symbol and the actual
                // use count may be greater than 1.
                if (p.current_scope != p.module_scope and !p.current_scope.contains_direct_eval) {
                    // Keep inlining variables until a failure or until there are none left.
                    // That handles cases like this:
                    //
                    //   // Before
                    //   let x = fn();
                    //   let y = x.prop;
                    //   return y;
                    //
                    //   // After
                    //   return fn().prop;
                    //
                    inner: while (output.items.len > 0) {
                        // Ignore "var" declarations since those have function-level scope and
                        // we may not have visited all of their uses yet by this point. We
                        // should have visited all the uses of "let" and "const" declarations
                        // by now since they are scoped to this block which we just finished
                        // visiting.
                        const prev_statement = &output.items[output.items.len - 1];
                        switch (prev_statement.data) {
                            .s_local => {
                                var local = prev_statement.data.s_local;
                                if (local.decls.len == 0 or local.kind == .k_var or local.is_export) {
                                    break;
                                }

                                const last: *Decl = local.decls.last().?;
                                // The variable must be initialized, since we will be substituting
                                // the value into the usage.
                                if (last.value == null)
                                    break;

                                // The binding must be an identifier that is only used once.
                                // Ignore destructuring bindings since that's not the simple case.
                                // Destructuring bindings could potentially execute side-effecting
                                // code which would invalidate reordering.

                                switch (last.binding.data) {
                                    .b_identifier => |ident| {
                                        const id = ident.ref;

                                        const symbol: *const Symbol = &p.symbols.items[id.innerIndex()];

                                        // Try to substitute the identifier with the initializer. This will
                                        // fail if something with side effects is in between the declaration
                                        // and the usage.
                                        if (symbol.use_count_estimate == 1) {
                                            if (p.substituteSingleUseSymbolInStmt(stmt, id, last.value.?)) {
                                                switch (local.decls.len) {
                                                    1 => {
                                                        local.decls.len = 0;
                                                        output.items.len -= 1;
                                                        continue :inner;
                                                    },
                                                    else => {
                                                        local.decls.len -= 1;
                                                        continue :inner;
                                                    },
                                                }
                                            }
                                        }
                                    },
                                    else => {},
                                }
                            },
                            else => {},
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                }

                // don't merge super calls to ensure they are called before "this" is accessed
                if (stmt.isSuperCall()) {
                    output.append(stmt) catch unreachable;
                    continue;
                }

                // The following calls to `joinWithComma` are only enabled during bundling. We do this
                // to avoid changing line numbers too much for source maps

                switch (stmt.data) {
                    .s_empty => continue,

                    // skip directives for now
                    .s_directive => continue,

                    .s_local => |local| {
                        // Merge adjacent local statements
                        if (output.items.len > 0) {
                            var prev_stmt = &output.items[output.items.len - 1];
                            if (prev_stmt.data == .s_local and
                                local.canMergeWith(prev_stmt.data.s_local))
                            {
                                prev_stmt.data.s_local.decls.append(p.allocator, local.decls.slice()) catch unreachable;
                                continue;
                            }
                        }
                    },

                    .s_expr => |s_expr| {
                        // Merge adjacent expression statements
                        if (output.items.len > 0) {
                            var prev_stmt = &output.items[output.items.len - 1];
                            if (prev_stmt.data == .s_expr and !prev_stmt.isSuperCall() and p.options.runtimeMergeAdjacentExpressionStatements()) {
                                prev_stmt.data.s_expr.does_not_affect_tree_shaking = prev_stmt.data.s_expr.does_not_affect_tree_shaking and
                                    s_expr.does_not_affect_tree_shaking;
                                prev_stmt.data.s_expr.value = prev_stmt.data.s_expr.value.joinWithComma(
                                    s_expr.value,
                                    p.allocator,
                                );
                                continue;
                            } else if
                            //
                            // Input:
                            //      var f;
                            //      f = 123;
                            // Output:
                            //      var f = 123;
                            //
                            // This doesn't handle every case. Only the very simple one.
                            (prev_stmt.data == .s_local and
                                s_expr.value.data == .e_binary and
                                prev_stmt.data.s_local.decls.len == 1 and
                                s_expr.value.data.e_binary.op == .bin_assign and
                                // we can only do this with var because var is hoisted
                                // the statement we are merging into may use the statement before its defined.
                                prev_stmt.data.s_local.kind == .k_var)
                            {
                                var prev_local = prev_stmt.data.s_local;
                                const bin_assign = s_expr.value.data.e_binary;

                                if (bin_assign.left.data == .e_identifier) {
                                    var decl = &prev_local.decls.slice()[0];
                                    if (decl.binding.data == .b_identifier and
                                        decl.binding.data.b_identifier.ref.eql(bin_assign.left.data.e_identifier.ref) and
                                        // If the value was assigned, we shouldn't merge it incase it was used in the current statement
                                        // https://github.com/oven-sh/bun/issues/2948
                                        // We don't have a more granular way to check symbol usage so this is the best we can do
                                        decl.value == null)
                                    {
                                        decl.value = bin_assign.right;
                                        p.ignoreUsage(bin_assign.left.data.e_identifier.ref);
                                        continue;
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .s_switch => |s_switch| {
                        // Absorb a previous expression statement
                        if (output.items.len > 0 and p.options.runtimeMergeAdjacentExpressionStatements()) {
                            var prev_stmt = &output.items[output.items.len - 1];
                            if (prev_stmt.data == .s_expr and !prev_stmt.isSuperCall()) {
                                s_switch.test_ = prev_stmt.data.s_expr.value.joinWithComma(s_switch.test_, p.allocator);
                                output.items.len -= 1;
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    .s_if => |s_if| {
                        // Absorb a previous expression statement
                        if (output.items.len > 0 and p.options.runtimeMergeAdjacentExpressionStatements()) {
                            var prev_stmt = &output.items[output.items.len - 1];
                            if (prev_stmt.data == .s_expr and !prev_stmt.isSuperCall()) {
                                s_if.test_ = prev_stmt.data.s_expr.value.joinWithComma(s_if.test_, p.allocator);
                                output.items.len -= 1;
                            }
                        }

                        // TODO: optimize jump
                    },

                    .s_return => |ret| {
                        // Merge return statements with the previous expression statement
                        if (output.items.len > 0 and ret.value != null and p.options.runtimeMergeAdjacentExpressionStatements()) {
                            var prev_stmt = &output.items[output.items.len - 1];
                            if (prev_stmt.data == .s_expr and !prev_stmt.isSuperCall()) {
                                ret.value = prev_stmt.data.s_expr.value.joinWithComma(ret.value.?, p.allocator);
                                prev_stmt.* = stmt;
                                continue;
                            }
                        }

                        is_control_flow_dead = true;
                    },

                    .s_break, .s_continue => {
                        is_control_flow_dead = true;
                    },

                    .s_throw => {
                        // Merge throw statements with the previous expression statement
                        if (output.items.len > 0 and p.options.runtimeMergeAdjacentExpressionStatements()) {
                            var prev_stmt = &output.items[output.items.len - 1];
                            if (prev_stmt.data == .s_expr and !prev_stmt.isSuperCall()) {
                                prev_stmt.* = p.s(S.Throw{
                                    .value = prev_stmt.data.s_expr.value.joinWithComma(
                                        stmt.data.s_throw.value,
                                        p.allocator,
                                    ),
                                }, stmt.loc);
                                continue;
                            }
                        }

                        is_control_flow_dead = true;
                    },

                    else => {},
                }

                output.append(stmt) catch unreachable;
            }

            stmts.deinit();
            stmts.* = output;
        }

        fn extractDeclsForBinding(binding: Binding, decls: *ListManaged(G.Decl)) anyerror!void {
            switch (binding.data) {
                .b_missing => {},
                .b_identifier => {
                    try decls.append(G.Decl{ .binding = binding });
                },
                .b_array => |arr| {
                    for (arr.items) |item| {
                        extractDeclsForBinding(item.binding, decls) catch unreachable;
                    }
                },
                .b_object => |obj| {
                    for (obj.properties) |prop| {
                        extractDeclsForBinding(prop.value, decls) catch unreachable;
                    }
                },
            }
        }

        pub inline fn @"module.exports"(p: *P, loc: logger.Loc) Expr {
            return p.newExpr(E.Dot{ .name = exports_string_name, .name_loc = loc, .target = p.newExpr(E.Identifier{ .ref = p.module_ref }, loc) }, loc);
        }

        // This assumes that the open parenthesis has already been parsed by the caller
        pub fn parseParenExpr(p: *P, loc: logger.Loc, level: Level, opts: ParenExprOpts) anyerror!Expr {
            var items_list = ListManaged(Expr).init(p.allocator);
            var errors = DeferredErrors{};
            var arrowArgErrors = DeferredArrowArgErrors{};
            var spread_range = logger.Range{};
            var type_colon_range = logger.Range{};
            var comma_after_spread: ?logger.Loc = null;

            // Push a scope assuming this is an arrow function. It may not be, in which
            // case we'll need to roll this change back. This has to be done ahead of
            // parsing the arguments instead of later on when we hit the "=>" token and
            // we know it's an arrow function because the arguments may have default
            // values that introduce new scopes and declare new symbols. If this is an
            // arrow function, then those new scopes will need to be parented under the
            // scope of the arrow function itself.
            const scope_index = try p.pushScopeForParsePass(.function_args, loc);

            // Allow "in" inside parentheses
            const oldAllowIn = p.allow_in;
            p.allow_in = true;

            // Forbid "await" and "yield", but only for arrow functions
            var old_fn_or_arrow_data = std.mem.toBytes(p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse);
            p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.arrow_arg_errors = arrowArgErrors;
            p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.track_arrow_arg_errors = true;

            // Scan over the comma-separated arguments or expressions
            while (p.lexer.token != .t_close_paren) {
                const is_spread = p.lexer.token == .t_dot_dot_dot;

                if (is_spread) {
                    spread_range = p.lexer.range();
                    // p.markSyntaxFeature()
                    try p.lexer.next();
                }

                // We don't know yet whether these are arguments or expressions, so parse
                p.latest_arrow_arg_loc = p.lexer.loc();

                var item = try p.parseExprOrBindings(.comma, &errors);

                if (is_spread) {
                    item = p.newExpr(E.Spread{ .value = item }, loc);
                }

                // Skip over types
                if (is_typescript_enabled and p.lexer.token == .t_colon) {
                    type_colon_range = p.lexer.range();
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    try p.skipTypeScriptType(.lowest);
                }

                // There may be a "=" after the type (but not after an "as" cast)
                if (is_typescript_enabled and p.lexer.token == .t_equals and !p.forbid_suffix_after_as_loc.eql(p.lexer.loc())) {
                    try p.lexer.next();
                    item = Expr.assign(item, try p.parseExpr(.comma));
                }

                items_list.append(item) catch unreachable;

                if (p.lexer.token != .t_comma) {
                    break;
                }

                // Spread arguments must come last. If there's a spread argument followed
                if (is_spread) {
                    comma_after_spread = p.lexer.loc();
                }

                // Eat the comma token
                try p.lexer.next();
            }
            var items = items_list.items;

            // The parenthetical construct must end with a close parenthesis
            try p.lexer.expect(.t_close_paren);

            // Restore "in" operator status before we parse the arrow function body
            p.allow_in = oldAllowIn;

            // Also restore "await" and "yield" expression errors
            p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse = std.mem.bytesToValue(@TypeOf(p.fn_or_arrow_data_parse), &old_fn_or_arrow_data);

            // Are these arguments to an arrow function?
            if (p.lexer.token == .t_equals_greater_than or opts.force_arrow_fn or (is_typescript_enabled and p.lexer.token == .t_colon)) {
                // Arrow functions are not allowed inside certain expressions
                if (level.gt(.assign)) {
                    try p.lexer.unexpected();
                    return error.SyntaxError;
                }

                var invalidLog = LocList.init(p.allocator);
                var args = ListManaged(G.Arg).init(p.allocator);

                if (opts.is_async) {
                    // markl,oweredsyntaxpoksdpokasd
                }

                // First, try converting the expressions to bindings
                for (items, 0..) |_, i| {
                    var is_spread = false;
                    switch (items[i].data) {
                        .e_spread => |v| {
                            is_spread = true;
                            items[i] = v.value;
                        },
                        else => {},
                    }

                    var item = items[i];
                    const tuple = p.convertExprToBindingAndInitializer(&item, &invalidLog, is_spread);
                    // double allocations
                    args.append(G.Arg{
                        .binding = tuple.binding orelse Binding{ .data = Prefill.Data.BMissing, .loc = item.loc },
                        .default = tuple.expr,
                    }) catch unreachable;
                }

                // Avoid parsing TypeScript code like "a ? (1 + 2) : (3 + 4)" as an arrow
                // function. The ":" after the ")" may be a return type annotation, so we
                // attempt to convert the expressions to bindings first before deciding
                // whether this is an arrow function, and only pick an arrow function if
                // there were no conversion errors.
                if (p.lexer.token == .t_equals_greater_than or ((comptime is_typescript_enabled) and
                    invalidLog.items.len == 0 and
                    p.trySkipTypeScriptArrowReturnTypeWithBacktracking()) or
                    opts.force_arrow_fn)
                {
                    p.maybeCommaSpreadError(comma_after_spread);
                    p.logArrowArgErrors(&arrowArgErrors);

                    // Now that we've decided we're an arrow function, report binding pattern
                    // conversion errors
                    if (invalidLog.items.len > 0) {
                        for (invalidLog.items) |_loc| {
                            _loc.addError(
                                p.log,
                                p.source,
                            );
                        }
                    }
                    var arrow_data = FnOrArrowDataParse{
                        .allow_await = if (opts.is_async) AwaitOrYield.allow_expr else AwaitOrYield.allow_ident,
                    };
                    var arrow = try p.parseArrowBody(args.items, &arrow_data);
                    arrow.is_async = opts.is_async;
                    arrow.has_rest_arg = spread_range.len > 0;
                    p.popScope();
                    return p.newExpr(arrow, loc);
                }
            }

            // If we get here, it's not an arrow function so undo the pushing of the
            // scope we did earlier. This needs to flatten any child scopes into the
            // parent scope as if the scope was never pushed in the first place.
            p.popAndFlattenScope(scope_index);

            // If this isn't an arrow function, then types aren't allowed
            if (type_colon_range.len > 0) {
                try p.log.addRangeError(p.source, type_colon_range, "Unexpected \":\"");
                return error.SyntaxError;
            }

            // Are these arguments for a call to a function named "async"?
            if (opts.is_async) {
                p.logExprErrors(&errors);
                const async_expr = p.newExpr(E.Identifier{ .ref = try p.storeNameInRef("async") }, loc);
                return p.newExpr(E.Call{ .target = async_expr, .args = ExprNodeList.init(items) }, loc);
            }

            // Is this a chain of expressions and comma operators?
            if (items.len > 0) {
                p.logExprErrors(&errors);
                if (spread_range.len > 0) {
                    try p.log.addRangeError(p.source, type_colon_range, "Unexpected \"...\"");
                    return error.SyntaxError;
                }

                var value = Expr.joinAllWithComma(items, p.allocator);
                p.markExprAsParenthesized(&value);
                return value;
            }

            // Indicate that we expected an arrow function
            try p.lexer.expected(.t_equals_greater_than);
            return error.SyntaxError;
        }

        // This code is tricky.
        // - Doing it incorrectly will cause segfaults.
        // - Doing it correctly drastically affects runtime performance while parsing larger files
        // The key is in how we remove scopes from the list
        // If we do an orderedRemove, it gets very slow.
        // swapRemove is fast. But a little more dangerous.
        // Instead, we just tombstone it.
        pub fn popAndFlattenScope(p: *P, scope_index: usize) void {
            // Move up to the parent scope
            var to_flatten = p.current_scope;
            var parent = to_flatten.parent.?;
            p.current_scope = parent;

            // Erase this scope from the order. This will shift over the indices of all
            // the scopes that were created after us. However, we shouldn't have to
            // worry about other code with outstanding scope indices for these scopes.
            // These scopes were all created in between this scope's push and pop
            // operations, so they should all be child scopes and should all be popped
            // by the time we get here.
            p.scopes_in_order.items[scope_index] = null;
            // Decrement the length so that in code with lots of scopes, we use
            // less memory and do less work
            p.scopes_in_order.items.len -= @as(usize, @intFromBool(p.scopes_in_order.items.len == scope_index + 1));

            // Remove the last child from the parent scope
            const last = parent.children.len - 1;
            if (comptime Environment.allow_assert) assert(parent.children.ptr[last] == to_flatten);
            parent.children.len -|= 1;

            for (to_flatten.children.slice()) |item| {
                item.parent = parent;
                parent.children.push(p.allocator, item) catch unreachable;
            }
        }

        fn maybeCommaSpreadError(p: *P, _comma_after_spread: ?logger.Loc) void {
            const comma_after_spread = _comma_after_spread orelse return;
            if (comma_after_spread.start == -1) return;

            p.log.addRangeError(p.source, logger.Range{ .loc = comma_after_spread, .len = 1 }, "Unexpected \",\" after rest pattern") catch unreachable;
        }

        /// When not transpiling we dont use the renamer, so our solution is to generate really
        /// hard to collide with variables, instead of actually making things collision free
        pub fn generateTempRef(p: *P, default_name: ?string) Ref {
            return p.generateTempRefWithScope(default_name, p.current_scope);
        }

        pub fn generateTempRefWithScope(p: *P, default_name: ?string, scope: *Scope) Ref {
            const name = (if (p.willUseRenamer()) default_name else null) orelse brk: {
                p.temp_ref_count += 1;
                break :brk std.fmt.allocPrint(p.allocator, "__bun_temp_ref_{x}$", .{p.temp_ref_count}) catch bun.outOfMemory();
            };
            const ref = p.newSymbol(.other, name) catch bun.outOfMemory();

            p.temp_refs_to_declare.append(p.allocator, .{
                .ref = ref,
            }) catch bun.outOfMemory();

            scope.generated.append(p.allocator, &.{ref}) catch bun.outOfMemory();

            return ref;
        }

        pub fn computeTsEnumsMap(p: *const P, allocator: Allocator) !js_ast.Ast.TsEnumsMap {
            // When hot module reloading is enabled, we disable enum inlining
            // to avoid making the HMR graph more complicated.
            if (p.options.features.hot_module_reloading)
                return .{};

            const InlinedEnumValue = js_ast.InlinedEnumValue;
            var map: js_ast.Ast.TsEnumsMap = .{};
            try map.ensureTotalCapacity(allocator, @intCast(p.top_level_enums.items.len));
            for (p.top_level_enums.items) |ref| {
                const entry = p.ref_to_ts_namespace_member.getEntry(ref).?;
                const namespace = entry.value_ptr.namespace;
                var inner_map: bun.StringHashMapUnmanaged(InlinedEnumValue) = .{};
                try inner_map.ensureTotalCapacity(allocator, @intCast(namespace.count()));
                for (namespace.keys(), namespace.values()) |key, val| {
                    switch (val.data) {
                        .enum_number => |num| inner_map.putAssumeCapacityNoClobber(
                            key,
                            InlinedEnumValue.encode(.{ .number = num }),
                        ),
                        .enum_string => |str| inner_map.putAssumeCapacityNoClobber(
                            key,
                            InlinedEnumValue.encode(.{ .string = str }),
                        ),
                        else => continue,
                    }
                }
                map.putAssumeCapacity(entry.key_ptr.*, inner_map);
            }
            return map;
        }

        fn shouldLowerUsingDeclarations(p: *const P, stmts: []Stmt) bool {
            // TODO: We do not support lowering await, but when we do this needs to point to that var
            const lower_await = false;

            // Check feature flags first, then iterate statements.
            if (!p.options.features.lower_using and !lower_await) return false;

            for (stmts) |stmt| {
                if (stmt.data == .s_local and
                    // Need to re-check lower_using for the k_using case in case lower_await is true
                    ((stmt.data.s_local.kind == .k_using and p.options.features.lower_using) or
                        (stmt.data.s_local.kind == .k_await_using)))
                {
                    return true;
                }
            }

            return false;
        }

        const LowerUsingDeclarationsContext = struct {
            first_using_loc: logger.Loc,
            stack_ref: Ref,
            has_await_using: bool,

            pub fn init(p: *P) !LowerUsingDeclarationsContext {
                return LowerUsingDeclarationsContext{
                    .first_using_loc = logger.Loc.Empty,
                    .stack_ref = p.generateTempRef("__stack"),
                    .has_await_using = false,
                };
            }

            pub fn scanStmts(ctx: *LowerUsingDeclarationsContext, p: *P, stmts: []Stmt) void {
                for (stmts) |stmt| {
                    switch (stmt.data) {
                        .s_local => |local| {
                            if (!local.kind.isUsing()) continue;

                            if (ctx.first_using_loc.isEmpty()) {
                                ctx.first_using_loc = stmt.loc;
                            }
                            if (local.kind == .k_await_using) {
                                ctx.has_await_using = true;
                            }
                            for (local.decls.slice()) |*decl| {
                                if (decl.value) |*decl_value| {
                                    const value_loc = decl_value.loc;
                                    p.recordUsage(ctx.stack_ref);
                                    const args = p.allocator.alloc(Expr, 3) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                                    args[0] = Expr{
                                        .data = .{ .e_identifier = .{ .ref = ctx.stack_ref } },
                                        .loc = stmt.loc,
                                    };
                                    args[1] = decl_value.*;
                                    // 1. always pass this param for hopefully better jit performance
                                    // 2. pass 1 or 0 to be shorter than `true` or `false`
                                    args[2] = Expr{
                                        .data = .{ .e_number = .{ .value = if (local.kind == .k_await_using) 1 else 0 } },
                                        .loc = stmt.loc,
                                    };
                                    decl.value = p.callRuntime(value_loc, "__using", args);
                                }
                            }
                            if (p.will_wrap_module_in_try_catch_for_using and p.current_scope.kind == .entry) {
                                local.kind = .k_var;
                            } else {
                                local.kind = .k_const;
                            }
                        },
                        else => {},
                    }
                }
            }

            pub fn finalize(ctx: *LowerUsingDeclarationsContext, p: *P, stmts: []Stmt, should_hoist_fns: bool) ListManaged(Stmt) {
                var result = ListManaged(Stmt).init(p.allocator);
                var exports = ListManaged(js_ast.ClauseItem).init(p.allocator);
                var end: u32 = 0;
                for (stmts) |stmt| {
                    switch (stmt.data) {
                        .s_directive, .s_import, .s_export_from, .s_export_star => {
                            // These can't go in a try/catch block
                            result.append(stmt) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                            continue;
                        },

                        .s_class => {
                            if (stmt.data.s_class.is_export) {
                                // can't go in try/catch; hoist out
                                result.append(stmt) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                                continue;
                            }
                        },

                        .s_export_default => {
                            continue; // this prevents re-exporting default since we already have it as an .s_export_clause
                        },

                        .s_export_clause => |data| {
                            // Merge export clauses together
                            exports.appendSlice(data.items) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                            continue;
                        },

                        .s_function => {
                            if (should_hoist_fns) {
                                // Hoist function declarations for cross-file ESM references
                                result.append(stmt) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                                continue;
                            }
                        },

                        .s_local => |local| {
                            // If any of these are exported, turn it into a "var" and add export clauses
                            if (local.is_export) {
                                local.is_export = false;
                                for (local.decls.slice()) |decl| {
                                    if (decl.binding.data == .b_identifier) {
                                        const identifier = decl.binding.data.b_identifier;
                                        exports.append(js_ast.ClauseItem{
                                            .name = .{
                                                .loc = decl.binding.loc,
                                                .ref = identifier.ref,
                                            },
                                            .alias = p.symbols.items[identifier.ref.inner_index].original_name,
                                            .alias_loc = decl.binding.loc,
                                        }) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                                        local.kind = .k_var;
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        },

                        else => {},
                    }

                    stmts[end] = stmt;
                    end += 1;
                }

                const non_exported_statements = stmts[0..end];

                const caught_ref = p.generateTempRef("_catch");
                const err_ref = p.generateTempRef("_err");
                const has_err_ref = p.generateTempRef("_hasErr");

                var scope = p.current_scope;
                while (!scope.kindStopsHoisting()) {
                    scope = scope.parent.?;
                }

                const is_top_level = scope == p.module_scope;
                scope.generated.append(p.allocator, &.{
                    ctx.stack_ref,
                    caught_ref,
                    err_ref,
                    has_err_ref,
                }) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                p.declared_symbols.ensureUnusedCapacity(
                    p.allocator,
                    // 5 to include the _promise decl later on:
                    if (ctx.has_await_using) 5 else 4,
                ) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                p.declared_symbols.appendAssumeCapacity(.{ .is_top_level = is_top_level, .ref = ctx.stack_ref });
                p.declared_symbols.appendAssumeCapacity(.{ .is_top_level = is_top_level, .ref = caught_ref });
                p.declared_symbols.appendAssumeCapacity(.{ .is_top_level = is_top_level, .ref = err_ref });
                p.declared_symbols.appendAssumeCapacity(.{ .is_top_level = is_top_level, .ref = has_err_ref });

                const loc = ctx.first_using_loc;
                const call_dispose = call_dispose: {
                    p.recordUsage(ctx.stack_ref);
                    p.recordUsage(err_ref);
                    p.recordUsage(has_err_ref);
                    const args = p.allocator.alloc(Expr, 3) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                    args[0] = Expr{
                        .data = .{ .e_identifier = .{ .ref = ctx.stack_ref } },
                        .loc = loc,
                    };
                    args[1] = Expr{
                        .data = .{ .e_identifier = .{ .ref = err_ref } },
                        .loc = loc,
                    };
                    args[2] = Expr{
                        .data = .{ .e_identifier = .{ .ref = has_err_ref } },
                        .loc = loc,
                    };
                    break :call_dispose p.callRuntime(loc, "__callDispose", args);
                };

                const finally_stmts = finally: {
                    if (ctx.has_await_using) {
                        const promise_ref = p.generateTempRef("_promise");
                        scope.generated.append(p.allocator, &.{promise_ref}) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                        p.declared_symbols.appendAssumeCapacity(.{ .is_top_level = is_top_level, .ref = promise_ref });

                        const promise_ref_expr = p.newExpr(E.Identifier{ .ref = promise_ref }, loc);

                        const await_expr = p.newExpr(E.Await{
                            .value = promise_ref_expr,
                        }, loc);
                        p.recordUsage(promise_ref);

                        const statements = p.allocator.alloc(Stmt, 2) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                        statements[0] = p.s(S.Local{
                            .decls = decls: {
                                const decls = p.allocator.alloc(Decl, 1) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                                decls[0] = .{
                                    .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = promise_ref }, loc),
                                    .value = call_dispose,
                                };
                                break :decls G.Decl.List.init(decls);
                            },
                        }, loc);

                        // The "await" must not happen if an error was thrown before the
                        // "await using", so we conditionally await here:
                        //
                        //   var promise = __callDispose(stack, error, hasError);
                        //   promise && await promise;
                        //
                        statements[1] = p.s(S.SExpr{
                            .value = p.newExpr(E.Binary{
                                .op = .bin_logical_and,
                                .left = promise_ref_expr,
                                .right = await_expr,
                            }, loc),
                        }, loc);

                        break :finally statements;
                    } else {
                        const single = p.allocator.alloc(Stmt, 1) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                        single[0] = p.s(S.SExpr{ .value = call_dispose }, call_dispose.loc);
                        break :finally single;
                    }
                };

                // Wrap everything in a try/catch/finally block
                p.recordUsage(caught_ref);
                result.ensureUnusedCapacity(2 + @as(usize, @intFromBool(exports.items.len > 0))) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                result.appendAssumeCapacity(p.s(S.Local{
                    .decls = decls: {
                        const decls = p.allocator.alloc(Decl, 1) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                        decls[0] = .{
                            .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = ctx.stack_ref }, loc),
                            .value = p.newExpr(E.Array{}, loc),
                        };
                        break :decls G.Decl.List.init(decls);
                    },
                    .kind = .k_let,
                }, loc));
                result.appendAssumeCapacity(p.s(S.Try{
                    .body = non_exported_statements,
                    .body_loc = loc,
                    .catch_ = .{
                        .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = caught_ref }, loc),
                        .body = catch_body: {
                            const statements = p.allocator.alloc(Stmt, 1) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                            statements[0] = p.s(S.Local{
                                .decls = decls: {
                                    const decls = p.allocator.alloc(Decl, 2) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                                    decls[0] = .{
                                        .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = err_ref }, loc),
                                        .value = p.newExpr(E.Identifier{ .ref = caught_ref }, loc),
                                    };
                                    decls[1] = .{
                                        .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = has_err_ref }, loc),
                                        .value = p.newExpr(E.Number{ .value = 1 }, loc),
                                    };
                                    break :decls G.Decl.List.init(decls);
                                },
                            }, loc);
                            break :catch_body statements;
                        },
                        .body_loc = loc,
                        .loc = loc,
                    },
                    .finally = .{
                        .loc = loc,
                        .stmts = finally_stmts,
                    },
                }, loc));

                if (exports.items.len > 0) {
                    result.appendAssumeCapacity(p.s(S.ExportClause{
                        .items = exports.items,
                        .is_single_line = false,
                    }, loc));
                }

                return result;
            }
        };

        const import_meta_hot_accept_err = "Dependencies to `import.meta.hot.accept` must be statically analyzable module specifiers matching direct imports.";

        /// The signatures for `import.meta.hot.accept` are:
        /// `accept()`                   - self accept
        /// `accept(Function)`           - self accept
        /// `accept(string, Function)`   - accepting another module
        /// `accept(string[], Function)` - accepting multiple modules
        ///
        /// The strings that can be passed in the first argument must be module
        /// specifiers that were imported. We enforce that they line up exactly
        /// with ones that were imported, so that it can share an import record.
        ///
        /// This function replaces all specifier strings with `e_require_resolve_string`
        fn handleImportMetaHotAcceptCall(p: *@This(), call: *E.Call) void {
            if (call.args.len == 0) return;
            switch (call.args.at(0).data) {
                .e_string => |str| {
                    call.args.mut(0).data = p.rewriteImportMetaHotAcceptString(str, call.args.at(0).loc) orelse
                        return;
                },
                .e_array => |arr| for (arr.items.slice()) |*item| {
                    if (item.data != .e_string) {
                        p.log.addError(p.source, item.loc, import_meta_hot_accept_err) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                        continue;
                    }
                    item.data = p.rewriteImportMetaHotAcceptString(item.data.e_string, item.loc) orelse
                        return;
                },
                else => return,
            }

            call.target.data.e_special = .hot_accept_visited;
        }

        fn rewriteImportMetaHotAcceptString(p: *P, str: *E.String, loc: logger.Loc) ?Expr.Data {
            str.toUTF8(p.allocator) catch bun.outOfMemory();
            const specifier = str.data;

            const import_record_index = for (p.import_records.items, 0..) |import_record, i| {
                if (bun.strings.eql(specifier, import_record.path.text)) {
                    break i;
                }
            } else {
                p.log.addError(p.source, loc, import_meta_hot_accept_err) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                return null;
            };

            return .{ .e_special = .{
                .resolved_specifier_string = .init(@intCast(import_record_index)),
            } };
        }

        const ReactRefreshExportKind = enum { named, default };

        pub fn handleReactRefreshRegister(p: *P, stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), original_name: []const u8, ref: Ref, export_kind: ReactRefreshExportKind) !void {
            bun.assert(p.options.features.react_fast_refresh);
            bun.assert(p.current_scope == p.module_scope);

            if (ReactRefresh.isComponentishName(original_name)) {
                try p.emitReactRefreshRegister(stmts, original_name, ref, export_kind);
            }
        }

        pub fn emitReactRefreshRegister(p: *P, stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), original_name: []const u8, ref: Ref, export_kind: ReactRefreshExportKind) !void {
            bun.assert(p.options.features.react_fast_refresh);
            bun.assert(p.current_scope == p.module_scope);

            // $RefreshReg$(component, "file.ts:Original Name")
            const loc = logger.Loc.Empty;
            try stmts.append(p.s(S.SExpr{ .value = p.newExpr(E.Call{
                .target = Expr.initIdentifier(p.react_refresh.register_ref, loc),
                .args = try ExprNodeList.fromSlice(p.allocator, &.{
                    Expr.initIdentifier(ref, loc),
                    p.newExpr(E.String{
                        .data = try bun.strings.concat(p.allocator, &.{
                            p.source.path.pretty,
                            ":",
                            switch (export_kind) {
                                .named => original_name,
                                .default => "default",
                            },
                        }),
                    }, loc),
                }),
            }, loc) }, loc));

            p.recordUsage(ref);
            p.react_refresh.register_used = true;
        }

        pub fn wrapValueForServerComponentReference(p: *P, val: Expr, original_name: []const u8) Expr {
            bun.assert(p.options.features.server_components.wrapsExports());
            bun.assert(p.current_scope == p.module_scope);

            if (p.options.features.server_components == .wrap_exports_for_server_reference)
                bun.todoPanic(@src(), "registerServerReference", .{});

            const module_path = p.newExpr(E.String{
                .data = if (p.options.jsx.development)
                    p.source.path.pretty
                else
                    bun.todoPanic(@src(), "TODO: unique_key here", .{}),
            }, logger.Loc.Empty);

            // registerClientReference(
            //   Comp,
            //   "src/filepath.tsx",
            //   "Comp"
            // );
            return p.newExpr(E.Call{
                .target = Expr.initIdentifier(p.server_components_wrap_ref, logger.Loc.Empty),
                .args = js_ast.ExprNodeList.fromSlice(p.allocator, &.{
                    val,
                    module_path,
                    p.newExpr(E.String{ .data = original_name }, logger.Loc.Empty),
                }) catch bun.outOfMemory(),
            }, logger.Loc.Empty);
        }

        pub fn handleReactRefreshHookCall(p: *P, hook_call: *E.Call, original_name: []const u8) void {
            bun.assert(p.options.features.react_fast_refresh);
            bun.assert(ReactRefresh.isHookName(original_name));
            const ctx_storage = p.react_refresh.hook_ctx_storage orelse
                return; // not in a function, ignore this hook call.

            // if this function has no hooks recorded, initialize a hook context
            // every function visit provides stack storage, which it will inspect at visit finish.
            const ctx: *ReactRefresh.HookContext = if (ctx_storage.*) |*ctx| ctx else init: {
                p.react_refresh.signature_used = true;

                var scope = p.current_scope;
                while (scope.kind != .function_body and scope.kind != .block and scope.kind != .entry) {
                    scope = scope.parent orelse break;
                }

                ctx_storage.* = .{
                    .hasher = std.hash.Wyhash.init(0),
                    .signature_cb = p.generateTempRefWithScope("_s", scope),
                    .user_hooks = .{},
                };

                // TODO(paperclover): fix the renamer bug. this bug
                // theoretically affects all usages of temp refs, but i cannot
                // find another example of it breaking (like with `using`)
                p.declared_symbols.append(p.allocator, .{
                    .is_top_level = true,
                    .ref = ctx_storage.*.?.signature_cb,
                }) catch bun.outOfMemory();

                break :init &(ctx_storage.*.?);
            };

            ctx.hasher.update(original_name);

            if (ReactRefresh.built_in_hooks.get(original_name)) |built_in_hook| hash_arg: {
                const arg_index: usize = switch (built_in_hook) {
                    // useState first argument is initial state.
                    .useState => 0,
                    // useReducer second argument is initial state.
                    .useReducer => 1,
                    else => break :hash_arg,
                };
                if (hook_call.args.len <= arg_index) break :hash_arg;
                const arg = hook_call.args.slice()[arg_index];
                arg.data.writeToHasher(&ctx.hasher, p.symbols.items);
            } else switch (hook_call.target.data) {
                inline .e_identifier,
                .e_import_identifier,
                .e_commonjs_export_identifier,
                => |id, tag| {
                    const gop = ctx.user_hooks.getOrPut(p.allocator, id.ref) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                    if (!gop.found_existing) {
                        gop.value_ptr.* = .{
                            .data = @unionInit(Expr.Data, @tagName(tag), id),
                            .loc = .Empty,
                        };
                    }
                },
                else => {},
            }

            ctx.hasher.update("\x00");
        }

        pub fn handleReactRefreshPostVisitFunctionBody(p: *P, stmts: *ListManaged(Stmt), hook: *ReactRefresh.HookContext) void {
            bun.assert(p.options.features.react_fast_refresh);

            // We need to prepend `_s();` as a statement.
            if (stmts.items.len == stmts.capacity) {
                // If the ArrayList does not have enough capacity, it is
                // re-allocated entirely to fit. Only one slot of new capacity
                // is used since we know this statement list is not going to be
                // appended to afterwards; This function is a post-visit handler.
                const new_stmts = p.allocator.alloc(Stmt, stmts.items.len + 1) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                @memcpy(new_stmts[1..], stmts.items);
                stmts.deinit();
                stmts.* = ListManaged(Stmt).fromOwnedSlice(p.allocator, new_stmts);
            } else {
                // The array has enough capacity, so there is no possibility of
                // allocation failure. We just move all of the statements over
                // by one, and increase the length using `addOneAssumeCapacity`
                _ = stmts.addOneAssumeCapacity();
                bun.copy(Stmt, stmts.items[1..], stmts.items[0 .. stmts.items.len - 1]);
            }

            const loc = logger.Loc.Empty;
            const prepended_stmt = p.s(S.SExpr{ .value = p.newExpr(E.Call{
                .target = Expr.initIdentifier(hook.signature_cb, loc),
            }, loc) }, loc);
            stmts.items[0] = prepended_stmt;
        }

        pub fn getReactRefreshHookSignalDecl(p: *P, signal_cb_ref: Ref) Stmt {
            const loc = logger.Loc.Empty;
            p.react_refresh.latest_signature_ref = signal_cb_ref;
            // var s_ = $RefreshSig$();
            return p.s(S.Local{ .decls = G.Decl.List.fromSlice(p.allocator, &.{.{
                .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = signal_cb_ref }, loc),
                .value = p.newExpr(E.Call{
                    .target = Expr.initIdentifier(p.react_refresh.create_signature_ref, loc),
                }, loc),
            }}) catch bun.outOfMemory() }, loc);
        }

        pub fn getReactRefreshHookSignalInit(p: *P, ctx: *ReactRefresh.HookContext, function_with_hook_calls: Expr) Expr {
            const loc = logger.Loc.Empty;

            const final = ctx.hasher.final();
            const hash_data = p.allocator.alloc(u8, comptime bun.base64.encodeLenFromSize(@sizeOf(@TypeOf(final)))) catch bun.outOfMemory();
            bun.assert(bun.base64.encode(hash_data, std.mem.asBytes(&final)) == hash_data.len);

            const have_custom_hooks = ctx.user_hooks.count() > 0;
            const have_force_arg = have_custom_hooks or p.react_refresh.force_reset;

            const args = p.allocator.alloc(
                Expr,
                2 +
                    @as(usize, @intFromBool(have_force_arg)) +
                    @as(usize, @intFromBool(have_custom_hooks)),
            ) catch bun.outOfMemory();

            args[0] = function_with_hook_calls;
            args[1] = p.newExpr(E.String{ .data = hash_data }, loc);

            if (have_force_arg) args[2] = p.newExpr(E.Boolean{ .value = p.react_refresh.force_reset }, loc);

            if (have_custom_hooks) {
                // () => [useCustom1, useCustom2]
                args[3] = p.newExpr(E.Arrow{
                    .body = .{
                        .stmts = p.allocator.dupe(Stmt, &.{
                            p.s(S.Return{ .value = p.newExpr(E.Array{
                                .items = ExprNodeList.init(ctx.user_hooks.values()),
                            }, loc) }, loc),
                        }) catch bun.outOfMemory(),
                        .loc = loc,
                    },
                    .prefer_expr = true,
                }, loc);
            }

            // _s(func, "<hash>", force, () => [useCustom])
            return p.newExpr(E.Call{
                .target = Expr.initIdentifier(ctx.signature_cb, loc),
                .args = ExprNodeList.init(args),
            }, loc);
        }

        pub fn toAST(
            p: *P,
            parts: *ListManaged(js_ast.Part),
            exports_kind: js_ast.ExportsKind,
            wrap_mode: WrapMode,
            hashbang: []const u8,
        ) !js_ast.Ast {
            const allocator = p.allocator;

            // if (p.options.tree_shaking and p.options.features.trim_unused_imports) {
            //     p.treeShake(&parts, false);
            // }

            const bundling = p.options.bundle;
            var parts_end: usize = @as(usize, @intFromBool(bundling));

            // When bundling with HMR, we need every module to be just a
            // single part, as we later wrap each module into a function,
            // which requires a single part. Otherwise, you'll end up with
            // multiple instances of a module, each with different parts of
            // the file. That is also why tree-shaking is disabled.
            if (p.options.features.hot_module_reloading) {
                bun.assert(!p.options.tree_shaking);
                bun.assert(p.options.features.hot_module_reloading);

                var hmr_transform_ctx = ConvertESMExportsForHmr{
                    .last_part = &parts.items[parts.items.len - 1],
                    .is_in_node_modules = p.source.path.isNodeModule(),
                };
                try hmr_transform_ctx.stmts.ensureTotalCapacity(p.allocator, prealloc_count: {
                    // get a estimate on how many statements there are going to be
                    var count: usize = 0;
                    for (parts.items) |part| count += part.stmts.len;
                    break :prealloc_count count + 2;
                });

                for (parts.items) |part| {
                    // Bake does not care about 'import =', as it handles it on it's own
                    _ = try ImportScanner.scan(P, p, part.stmts, wrap_mode != .none, true, &hmr_transform_ctx);
                }

                try hmr_transform_ctx.finalize(p, parts.items);
            } else {
                // Handle import paths after the whole file has been visited because we need
                // symbol usage counts to be able to remove unused type-only imports in
                // TypeScript code.
                while (true) {
                    var kept_import_equals = false;
                    var removed_import_equals = false;

                    const begin = parts_end;
                    // Potentially remove some statements, then filter out parts to remove any
                    // with no statements
                    for (parts.items[begin..]) |part_| {
                        var part = part_;
                        p.import_records_for_current_part.clearRetainingCapacity();
                        p.declared_symbols.clearRetainingCapacity();

                        const result = try ImportScanner.scan(P, p, part.stmts, wrap_mode != .none, false, {});
                        kept_import_equals = kept_import_equals or result.kept_import_equals;
                        removed_import_equals = removed_import_equals or result.removed_import_equals;

                        part.stmts = result.stmts;
                        if (part.stmts.len > 0) {
                            if (p.module_scope.contains_direct_eval and part.declared_symbols.len() > 0) {
                                // If this file contains a direct call to "eval()", all parts that
                                // declare top-level symbols must be kept since the eval'd code may
                                // reference those symbols.
                                part.can_be_removed_if_unused = false;
                            }
                            if (part.declared_symbols.len() == 0) {
                                part.declared_symbols = p.declared_symbols.clone(p.allocator) catch unreachable;
                            } else {
                                part.declared_symbols.appendList(p.allocator, p.declared_symbols) catch unreachable;
                            }

                            if (part.import_record_indices.len == 0) {
                                part.import_record_indices = @TypeOf(part.import_record_indices).init(
                                    (p.import_records_for_current_part.clone(p.allocator) catch unreachable).items,
                                );
                            } else {
                                part.import_record_indices.append(p.allocator, p.import_records_for_current_part.items) catch unreachable;
                            }

                            parts.items[parts_end] = part;
                            parts_end += 1;
                        }
                    }

                    // We need to iterate multiple times if an import-equals statement was
                    // removed and there are more import-equals statements that may be removed
                    if (!kept_import_equals or !removed_import_equals) {
                        break;
                    }
                }

                // leave the first part in there for namespace export when bundling
                parts.items.len = parts_end;

                // Do a second pass for exported items now that imported items are filled out.
                // This isn't done for HMR because it already deletes all `.s_export_clause`s
                for (parts.items) |part| {
                    for (part.stmts) |stmt| {
                        switch (stmt.data) {
                            .s_export_clause => |clause| {
                                for (clause.items) |item| {
                                    if (p.named_imports.getEntry(item.name.ref.?)) |_import| {
                                        _import.value_ptr.is_exported = true;
                                    }
                                }
                            },
                            else => {},
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if (wrap_mode == .bun_commonjs and !p.options.features.remove_cjs_module_wrapper) {
                // This transforms the user's code into.
                //
                //   (function (exports, require, module, __filename, __dirname) {
                //      ...
                //   })
                //
                //  which is then called in `evaluateCommonJSModuleOnce`
                var args = allocator.alloc(Arg, 5 + @as(usize, @intFromBool(p.has_import_meta))) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                args[0..5].* = .{
                    Arg{ .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = p.exports_ref }, logger.Loc.Empty) },
                    Arg{ .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = p.require_ref }, logger.Loc.Empty) },
                    Arg{ .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = p.module_ref }, logger.Loc.Empty) },
                    Arg{ .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = p.filename_ref }, logger.Loc.Empty) },
                    Arg{ .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = p.dirname_ref }, logger.Loc.Empty) },
                };
                if (p.has_import_meta) {
                    p.import_meta_ref = p.newSymbol(.other, "$Bun_import_meta") catch bun.outOfMemory();
                    args[5] = Arg{ .binding = p.b(B.Identifier{ .ref = p.import_meta_ref }, logger.Loc.Empty) };
                }

                var total_stmts_count: usize = 0;
                for (parts.items) |part| {
                    total_stmts_count += part.stmts.len;
                }

                const preserve_strict_mode = p.module_scope.strict_mode == .explicit_strict_mode and
                    !(parts.items.len > 0 and
                        parts.items[0].stmts.len > 0 and
                        parts.items[0].stmts[0].data == .s_directive);

                total_stmts_count += @as(usize, @intCast(@intFromBool(preserve_strict_mode)));

                const stmts_to_copy = allocator.alloc(Stmt, total_stmts_count) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                {
                    var remaining_stmts = stmts_to_copy;
                    if (preserve_strict_mode) {
                        remaining_stmts[0] = p.s(
                            S.Directive{
                                .value = "use strict",
                            },
                            p.module_scope_directive_loc,
                        );
                        remaining_stmts = remaining_stmts[1..];
                    }

                    for (parts.items) |part| {
                        for (part.stmts, remaining_stmts[0..part.stmts.len]) |src, *dest| {
                            dest.* = src;
                        }
                        remaining_stmts = remaining_stmts[part.stmts.len..];
                    }
                }

                const wrapper = p.newExpr(
                    E.Function{
                        .func = G.Fn{
                            .name = null,
                            .open_parens_loc = logger.Loc.Empty,
                            .args = args,
                            .body = .{ .loc = logger.Loc.Empty, .stmts = stmts_to_copy },
                            .flags = Flags.Function.init(.{ .is_export = false }),
                        },
                    },
                    logger.Loc.Empty,
                );

                var top_level_stmts = p.allocator.alloc(Stmt, 1) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                top_level_stmts[0] = p.s(
                    S.SExpr{
                        .value = wrapper,
                    },
                    logger.Loc.Empty,
                );

                try parts.ensureUnusedCapacity(1);
                parts.items.len = 1;
                parts.items[0].stmts = top_level_stmts;
            }

            var top_level_symbols_to_parts = js_ast.Ast.TopLevelSymbolToParts{};
            var top_level = &top_level_symbols_to_parts;

            if (p.options.bundle) {
                const Ctx = struct {
                    allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
                    top_level_symbols_to_parts: *js_ast.Ast.TopLevelSymbolToParts,
                    symbols: []const js_ast.Symbol,
                    part_index: u32,

                    pub fn next(ctx: @This(), input: Ref) void {
                        // If this symbol was merged, use the symbol at the end of the
                        // linked list in the map. This is the case for multiple "var"
                        // declarations with the same name, for example.
                        var ref = input;
                        var symbol_ref = &ctx.symbols[ref.innerIndex()];
                        while (symbol_ref.hasLink()) : (symbol_ref = &ctx.symbols[ref.innerIndex()]) {
                            ref = symbol_ref.link;
                        }

                        var entry = ctx.top_level_symbols_to_parts.getOrPut(ctx.allocator, ref) catch unreachable;
                        if (!entry.found_existing) {
                            entry.value_ptr.* = .{};
                        }

                        entry.value_ptr.push(ctx.allocator, @as(u32, @truncate(ctx.part_index))) catch unreachable;
                    }
                };

                // Each part tracks the other parts it depends on within this file
                for (parts.items, 0..) |*part, part_index| {
                    const decls = &part.declared_symbols;
                    const ctx = Ctx{
                        .allocator = p.allocator,
                        .top_level_symbols_to_parts = top_level,
                        .symbols = p.symbols.items,
                        .part_index = @as(u32, @truncate(part_index)),
                    };

                    DeclaredSymbol.forEachTopLevelSymbol(decls, ctx, Ctx.next);
                }

                // Pulling in the exports of this module always pulls in the export part

                {
                    var entry = top_level.getOrPut(p.allocator, p.exports_ref) catch unreachable;

                    if (!entry.found_existing) {
                        entry.value_ptr.* = .{};
                    }

                    entry.value_ptr.push(p.allocator, js_ast.namespace_export_part_index) catch unreachable;
                }
            }

            const wrapper_ref: Ref = brk: {
                if (p.options.features.hot_module_reloading) {
                    break :brk p.hmr_api_ref;
                }

                if (p.options.bundle and p.needsWrapperRef(parts.items)) {
                    break :brk p.newSymbol(
                        .other,
                        std.fmt.allocPrint(
                            p.allocator,
                            "require_{any}",
                            .{p.source.fmtIdentifier()},
                        ) catch bun.outOfMemory(),
                    ) catch bun.outOfMemory();
                }

                break :brk Ref.None;
            };

            const parts_list = bun.BabyList(js_ast.Part).fromList(parts);

            return .{
                .runtime_imports = p.runtime_imports,
                .parts = parts_list,
                .module_scope = p.module_scope.*,
                .symbols = js_ast.Symbol.List.fromList(p.symbols),
                .exports_ref = p.exports_ref,
                .wrapper_ref = wrapper_ref,
                .module_ref = p.module_ref,
                .import_records = ImportRecord.List.fromList(p.import_records),
                .export_star_import_records = p.export_star_import_records.items,
                .approximate_newline_count = p.lexer.approximate_newline_count,
                .exports_kind = exports_kind,
                .named_imports = p.named_imports,
                .named_exports = p.named_exports,
                .import_keyword = p.esm_import_keyword,
                .export_keyword = p.esm_export_keyword,
                .top_level_symbols_to_parts = top_level_symbols_to_parts,
                .char_freq = p.computeCharacterFrequency(),
                .directive = if (p.module_scope.strict_mode == .explicit_strict_mode) "use strict" else null,

                // Assign slots to symbols in nested scopes. This is some precomputation for
                // the symbol renaming pass that will happen later in the linker. It's done
                // now in the parser because we want it to be done in parallel per file and
                // we're already executing code in parallel here
                .nested_scope_slot_counts = if (p.options.features.minify_identifiers)
                    renamer.assignNestedScopeSlots(p.allocator, p.module_scope, p.symbols.items)
                else
                    js_ast.SlotCounts{},

                .require_ref = if (p.runtime_imports.__require != null)
                    p.runtime_imports.__require.?
                else
                    p.require_ref,

                .force_cjs_to_esm = p.unwrap_all_requires or exports_kind == .esm_with_dynamic_fallback_from_cjs,
                .uses_module_ref = p.symbols.items[p.module_ref.inner_index].use_count_estimate > 0,
                .uses_exports_ref = p.symbols.items[p.exports_ref.inner_index].use_count_estimate > 0,
                .uses_require_ref = if (p.options.bundle)
                    p.runtime_imports.__require != null and
                        p.symbols.items[p.runtime_imports.__require.?.inner_index].use_count_estimate > 0
                else
                    p.symbols.items[p.require_ref.inner_index].use_count_estimate > 0,
                .commonjs_module_exports_assigned_deoptimized = p.commonjs_module_exports_assigned_deoptimized,
                .top_level_await_keyword = p.top_level_await_keyword,
                .commonjs_named_exports = p.commonjs_named_exports,
                .has_commonjs_export_names = p.has_commonjs_export_names,

                .hashbang = hashbang,

                // TODO: cross-module constant inlining
                // .const_values = p.const_values,
                .ts_enums = try p.computeTsEnumsMap(allocator),

                .import_meta_ref = p.import_meta_ref,
            };
        }

        /// The bundler will generate wrappers to contain top-level side effects using
        /// the '__esm' helper. Example:
        ///
        ///     var init_foo = __esm(() => {
        ///         someExport = Math.random();
        ///     });
        ///
        /// This wrapper can be removed if all of the constructs get moved
        /// outside of the file. Due to paralleization, we can't retroactively
        /// delete the `init_foo` symbol, but instead it must be known far in
        /// advance if the symbol is needed or not.
        ///
        /// The logic in this function must be in sync with the hoisting
        /// logic in `LinkerContext.generateCodeForFileInChunkJS`
        fn needsWrapperRef(p: *const P, parts: []const js_ast.Part) bool {
            bun.assert(p.options.bundle);
            for (parts) |part| {
                for (part.stmts) |stmt| {
                    switch (stmt.data) {
                        .s_function => {},
                        .s_class => |class| if (!class.class.canBeMoved()) return true,
                        .s_local => |local| {
                            if (local.was_commonjs_export or p.commonjs_named_exports.count() == 0) {
                                for (local.decls.slice()) |decl| {
                                    if (decl.value) |value|
                                        if (value.data != .e_missing and !value.canBeMoved())
                                            return true;
                                }
                                continue;
                            }
                            return true;
                        },
                        .s_export_default => |ed| {
                            if (!ed.canBeMoved())
                                return true;
                        },
                        .s_export_equals => |e| {
                            if (!e.value.canBeMoved())
                                return true;
                        },
                        else => return true,
                    }
                }
            }
            return false;
        }

        pub fn init(
            allocator: Allocator,
            log: *logger.Log,
            source: *const logger.Source,
            define: *Define,
            lexer: js_lexer.Lexer,
            opts: Parser.Options,
            this: *P,
        ) anyerror!void {
            var scope_order = try ScopeOrderList.initCapacity(allocator, 1);
            const scope = try allocator.create(Scope);
            scope.* = Scope{
                .members = .{},
                .children = .{},
                .generated = .{},
                .kind = .entry,
                .label_ref = null,
                .parent = null,
            };

            scope_order.appendAssumeCapacity(ScopeOrder{ .loc = locModuleScope, .scope = scope });
            this.* = P{
                .legacy_cjs_import_stmts = @TypeOf(this.legacy_cjs_import_stmts).init(allocator),
                // This must default to true or else parsing "in" won't work right.
                // It will fail for the case in the "in-keyword.js" file
                .allow_in = true,

                .call_target = nullExprData,
                .delete_target = nullExprData,
                .stmt_expr_value = nullExprData,
                .loop_body = nullStmtData,
                .define = define,
                .import_records = undefined,
                .named_imports = undefined,
                .named_exports = .{},
                .log = log,
                .stack_check = bun.StackCheck.init(),
                .allocator = allocator,
                .options = opts,
                .then_catch_chain = ThenCatchChain{ .next_target = nullExprData },
                .to_expr_wrapper_namespace = undefined,
                .to_expr_wrapper_hoisted = undefined,
                .import_transposer = undefined,
                .require_transposer = undefined,
                .require_resolve_transposer = undefined,
                .source = source,
                .macro = MacroState.init(allocator),
                .current_scope = scope,
                .module_scope = scope,
                .scopes_in_order = scope_order,
                .needs_jsx_import = if (comptime only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit) false else NeedsJSXType{},
                .lexer = lexer,

                // Only enable during bundling, when not bundling CJS
                .commonjs_named_exports_deoptimized = if (opts.bundle) opts.output_format == .cjs else true,
            };
            this.lexer.track_comments = opts.features.minify_identifiers;

            this.unwrap_all_requires = brk: {
                if (opts.bundle and opts.output_format != .cjs) {
                    if (source.path.packageName()) |pkg| {
                        if (opts.features.shouldUnwrapRequire(pkg)) {
                            if (strings.eqlComptime(pkg, "react") or strings.eqlComptime(pkg, "react-dom")) {
                                const version = opts.package_version;
                                if (version.len > 2 and (version[0] == '0' or (version[0] == '1' and version[1] < '8'))) {
                                    break :brk false;
                                }
                            }

                            break :brk true;
                        }
                    }
                }

                break :brk false;
            };

            this.symbols = std.ArrayList(Symbol).init(allocator);

            if (comptime !only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit) {
                this.import_records = @TypeOf(this.import_records).init(allocator);
                this.named_imports = .{};
            }

            this.to_expr_wrapper_namespace = Binding2ExprWrapper.Namespace.init(this);
            this.to_expr_wrapper_hoisted = Binding2ExprWrapper.Hoisted.init(this);
            this.import_transposer = @TypeOf(this.import_transposer).init(this);
            this.require_transposer = @TypeOf(this.require_transposer).init(this);
            this.require_resolve_transposer = @TypeOf(this.require_resolve_transposer).init(this);

            if (opts.features.top_level_await or comptime only_scan_imports_and_do_not_visit) {
                this.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.allow_await = .allow_expr;
                this.fn_or_arrow_data_parse.is_top_level = true;
            }

            if (comptime !is_typescript_enabled) {
                // This is so it doesn't impact runtime transpiler caching when not in use
                this.options.features.emit_decorator_metadata = false;
            }
        }
    };
}

// Doing this seems to yield a 1% performance improvement parsing larger files
// ❯ hyperfine "../../build/macos-x86_64/bun node_modules/react-dom/cjs/react-dom.development.js --resolve=disable" "../../bun.before-comptime-js-parser node_modules/react-dom/cjs/react-dom.development.js --resolve=disable" --min-runs=500
// Benchmark #1: ../../build/macos-x86_64/bun node_modules/react-dom/cjs/react-dom.development.js --resolve=disable
//   Time (mean ± σ):      25.1 ms ±   1.1 ms    [User: 20.4 ms, System: 3.1 ms]
//   Range (min … max):    23.5 ms …  31.7 ms    500 runs

// Benchmark #2: ../../bun.before-comptime-js-parser node_modules/react-dom/cjs/react-dom.development.js --resolve=disable
//   Time (mean ± σ):      25.6 ms ±   1.3 ms    [User: 20.9 ms, System: 3.1 ms]
//   Range (min … max):    24.1 ms …  39.7 ms    500 runs
// '../../build/macos-x86_64/bun node_modules/react-dom/cjs/react-dom.development.js --resolve=disable' ran
// 1.02 ± 0.07 times faster than '../../bun.before-comptime-js-parser node_modules/react-dom/cjs/react-dom.development.js --resolve=disable'
const JavaScriptParser = if (bun.fast_debug_build_mode)
    TSXParser
else
    NewParser(.{});
const JSXParser = if (bun.fast_debug_build_mode)
    TSXParser
else
    NewParser(.{ .jsx = .react });
pub const TSXParser = NewParser(.{ .jsx = .react, .typescript = true });
const TypeScriptParser = NewParser(.{ .typescript = true });
const JavaScriptImportScanner = if (bun.fast_debug_build_mode) TSXImportScanner else NewParser(.{ .scan_only = true });
const JSXImportScanner = if (bun.fast_debug_build_mode) TSXImportScanner else NewParser(.{ .jsx = .react, .scan_only = true });
const TSXImportScanner = NewParser(.{ .jsx = .react, .typescript = true, .scan_only = true });
const TypeScriptImportScanner = if (bun.fast_debug_build_mode) TSXImportScanner else NewParser(.{ .typescript = true, .scan_only = true });

// The "await" and "yield" expressions are never allowed in argument lists but
// may or may not be allowed otherwise depending on the details of the enclosing
// function or module. This needs to be handled when parsing an arrow function
// argument list because we don't know if these expressions are not allowed until
// we reach the "=>" token (or discover the absence of one).
//
// Specifically, for await:
//
//   // This is ok
//   async function foo() { (x = await y) }
//
//   // This is an error
//   async function foo() { (x = await y) => {} }
//
// And for yield:
//
//   // This is ok
//   function* foo() { (x = yield y) }
//
//   // This is an error
//   function* foo() { (x = yield y) => {} }
//
const DeferredArrowArgErrors = struct {
    invalid_expr_await: logger.Range = logger.Range.None,
    invalid_expr_yield: logger.Range = logger.Range.None,
};

pub fn newLazyExportAST(
    allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
    define: *Define,
    opts: Parser.Options,
    log_to_copy_into: *logger.Log,
    expr: Expr,
    source: *const logger.Source,
    comptime runtime_api_call: []const u8,
) anyerror!?js_ast.Ast {
    return newLazyExportASTImpl(allocator, define, opts, log_to_copy_into, expr, source, runtime_api_call, .{});
}

pub fn newLazyExportASTImpl(
    allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
    define: *Define,
    opts: Parser.Options,
    log_to_copy_into: *logger.Log,
    expr: Expr,
    source: *const logger.Source,
    comptime runtime_api_call: []const u8,
    symbols: Symbol.List,
) anyerror!?js_ast.Ast {
    var temp_log = logger.Log.init(allocator);
    const log = &temp_log;
    var parser = Parser{
        .options = opts,
        .allocator = allocator,
        .lexer = js_lexer.Lexer.initWithoutReading(log, source, allocator),
        .define = define,
        .source = source,
        .log = log,
    };
    var result = parser.toLazyExportAST(
        expr,
        runtime_api_call,
        symbols,
    ) catch |err| {
        if (temp_log.errors == 0) {
            log_to_copy_into.addRangeError(source, parser.lexer.range(), @errorName(err)) catch unreachable;
        }

        temp_log.appendToMaybeRecycled(log_to_copy_into, source) catch {};
        return null;
    };

    temp_log.appendToMaybeRecycled(log_to_copy_into, source) catch {};
    result.ast.has_lazy_export = true;
    return result.ast;
}

const WrapMode = enum {
    none,
    bun_commonjs,
};

/// "Fast Refresh" is React's solution for hot-module-reloading in the context of the UI framework
/// user guide: https://reactnative.dev/docs/fast-refresh (applies to react-dom and native)
///
/// This depends on performing a couple extra transformations at bundle time, as well as
/// including the `react-refresh` NPM package, which is able to do the heavy lifting,
/// integrating with `react` and `react-dom`.
///
/// Prior implementations:
///  [1]: https://github.com/facebook/react/blob/main/packages/react-refresh/src/ReactFreshBabelPlugin.js
///  [2]: https://github.com/swc-project/swc/blob/main/crates/swc_ecma_transforms_react/src/refresh/mod.rs
///
/// Additional reading:
///  [3] https://github.com/facebook/react/issues/16604#issuecomment-528663101
///  [4] https://github.com/facebook/react/blob/master/packages/react-refresh/src/__tests__/ReactFreshIntegration-test.js
///
/// Instead of a plugin which visits the tree separately, Bun's implementation of fast refresh
/// happens in tandem with the visit pass. The responsibilities of the transform are as follows:
///
/// 1. For all Components (which is defined as any top-level function/function variable, that is
///    named with a capital letter; see `isComponentishName`), register them to the runtime using
///    `$RefreshReg$(ComponentFunction, "Component");`. Implemented in `p.handleReactRefreshRegister`
///    HOC components are also registered, but only through a special case for `export default`
///
/// 2. For all functions which call a Hook (a hook is an identifier matching /^use[A-Z]/):
///     a. Outside of the function, create a signature function `const _s = $RefreshSig$();`
///     b. At the start of the function, call `_s()`
///     c. Record all of the hooks called, the variables they are assigned to, and
///        arguments depending on which hook has been used. `useState` and `useReducer`,
///        for example, are special-cased.
///     d. Directly after the function, call `_s(hook, "<hash>", forceReset)`
///         - If a user-defined hook is called, the alterate form is used:
///           `_s(hook, "<hash>", forceReset, () => [useCustom1, useCustom2])`
///
/// The upstream transforms do not declare `$RefreshReg$` or `$RefreshSig$`. A typical
/// implementation might look like this, prepending this data to the module start:
///
///     import * as Refresh from 'react-refresh/runtime';
///     const $RefreshReg$ = (type, id) => Refresh.register(type, "<file id here>" + id);
///     const $RefreshSig$ = Refresh.createSignatureFunctionForTransform;
///
/// Since Bun is a transpiler *and* bundler, we take a slightly different approach. Aside
/// from including the link to the refresh runtime, our notation of $RefreshReg$ is just
/// pointing at `Refresh.register`, which means when we call it, the second argument has
/// to be a string containing the filepath, not just the component name.
const ReactRefresh = struct {
    // Set if this JSX/TSX file uses the refresh runtime. If so,
    // we must insert an import statement to it.
    register_used: bool = false,
    signature_used: bool = false,

    /// $RefreshReg$ is called on all top-level variables that are
    /// components, as well as HOCs found in the `export default` clause.
    register_ref: Ref = Ref.None,

    /// $RefreshSig$ is called to create a signature function, which is
    /// used by the refresh runtime to perform smart hook tracking.
    create_signature_ref: Ref = Ref.None,

    /// If a comment with '@refresh reset' is seen, we will forward a
    /// force refresh to the refresh runtime. This lets you reset the
    /// state of hooks on an update on a per-component basis.
    // TODO: this is never set
    force_reset: bool = false,

    /// The last hook that was scanned. This is used when visiting
    /// `.s_local`, as we must hash the variable destructure if the
    /// hook's result is assigned directly to a local.
    last_hook_seen: ?*E.Call = null,

    /// Every function sets up stack memory to hold data related to it's
    /// hook tracking. This is a pointer to that ?HookContext, where an
    /// inner null means there are no hook calls.
    ///
    /// The inner value is initialized when the first hook .e_call is
    /// visited, where the '_s' symbol is reserved. Additional hook calls
    /// append to the `hasher` and `user_hooks` as needed.
    ///
    /// When a function is done visiting, the stack location is checked,
    /// and then it will insert `var _s = ...`, add the `_s()` call at
    /// the start of the function, and then add the call to `_s(func, ...)`.
    hook_ctx_storage: ?*?HookContext = null,

    /// This is the most recently generated `_s` call. This is used to compare
    /// against seen calls to plain identifiers when in "export default" and in
    /// "const Component =" to know if an expression had been wrapped in a hook
    /// signature function.
    latest_signature_ref: Ref = Ref.None,

    pub const HookContext = struct {
        hasher: std.hash.Wyhash,
        signature_cb: Ref,
        user_hooks: std.AutoArrayHashMapUnmanaged(Ref, Expr),
    };

    // https://github.com/facebook/react/blob/d1afcb43fd506297109c32ff462f6f659f9110ae/packages/react-refresh/src/ReactFreshBabelPlugin.js#L42
    pub fn isComponentishName(id: []const u8) bool {
        if (id.len == 0) return false;
        return switch (id[0]) {
            'A'...'Z' => true,
            else => false,
        };
    }

    // https://github.com/facebook/react/blob/d1afcb43fd506297109c32ff462f6f659f9110ae/packages/react-refresh/src/ReactFreshBabelPlugin.js#L408
    pub fn isHookName(id: []const u8) bool {
        return id.len >= 4 and
            strings.hasPrefixComptime(id, "use") and
            switch (id[3]) {
                'A'...'Z' => true,
                else => false,
            };
    }

    pub const built_in_hooks = bun.ComptimeEnumMap(enum {
        useState,
        useReducer,
        useEffect,
        useLayoutEffect,
        useMemo,
        useCallback,
        useRef,
        useContext,
        useImperativeHandle,
        useDebugValue,
        useId,
        useDeferredValue,
        useTransition,
        useInsertionEffect,
        useSyncExternalStore,
        useFormStatus,
        useFormState,
        useActionState,
        useOptimistic,
    });
};

pub const ConvertESMExportsForHmr = struct {
    last_part: *js_ast.Part,
    // files in node modules will not get hot updates, so the code generation
    // can be a bit more concise for re-exports
    is_in_node_modules: bool,
    imports_seen: bun.StringArrayHashMapUnmanaged(ImportRef) = .{},
    export_star_props: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(G.Property) = .{},
    export_props: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(G.Property) = .{},
    stmts: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(Stmt) = .{},

    const ImportRef = struct {
        /// Index into ConvertESMExportsForHmr.stmts
        stmt_index: u32,
    };

    fn convertStmt(ctx: *ConvertESMExportsForHmr, p: anytype, stmt: Stmt) !void {
        const new_stmt = switch (stmt.data) {
            else => brk: {
                break :brk stmt;
            },
            .s_local => |st| stmt: {
                if (!st.is_export) {
                    break :stmt stmt;
                }

                st.is_export = false;

                var new_len: usize = 0;
                for (st.decls.slice()) |*decl_ptr| {
                    const decl = decl_ptr.*; // explicit copy to avoid aliasinng
                    const value = decl.value orelse {
                        st.decls.mut(new_len).* = decl;
                        new_len += 1;
                        try ctx.visitBindingToExport(p, decl.binding);
                        continue;
                    };

                    switch (decl.binding.data) {
                        .b_missing => {},

                        .b_identifier => |id| {
                            const symbol = p.symbols.items[id.ref.inner_index];

                            // if the symbol is not used, we don't need to preserve
                            // a binding in this scope. we can move it to the exports object.
                            if (symbol.use_count_estimate == 0 and value.canBeMoved()) {
                                try ctx.export_props.append(p.allocator, .{
                                    .key = Expr.init(E.String, .{ .data = symbol.original_name }, decl.binding.loc),
                                    .value = value,
                                });
                            } else {
                                st.decls.mut(new_len).* = decl;
                                new_len += 1;
                                try ctx.visitBindingToExport(p, decl.binding);
                            }
                        },

                        else => {
                            st.decls.mut(new_len).* = decl;
                            new_len += 1;
                            try ctx.visitBindingToExport(p, decl.binding);
                        },
                    }
                }
                if (new_len == 0) {
                    return;
                }
                st.decls.len = @intCast(new_len);

                break :stmt stmt;
            },
            .s_export_default => |st| stmt: {
                // When React Fast Refresh needs to tag the default export, the statement
                // cannot be moved, since a local reference is required.
                if (p.options.features.react_fast_refresh and
                    st.value == .stmt and st.value.stmt.data == .s_function)
                fast_refresh_edge_case: {
                    const symbol = st.value.stmt.data.s_function.func.name orelse
                        break :fast_refresh_edge_case;
                    const name = p.symbols.items[symbol.ref.?.inner_index].original_name;
                    if (ReactRefresh.isComponentishName(name)) {
                        // Lower to a function statement, and reference the function in the export list.
                        try ctx.export_props.append(p.allocator, .{
                            .key = Expr.init(E.String, .{ .data = "default" }, stmt.loc),
                            .value = Expr.initIdentifier(symbol.ref.?, stmt.loc),
                        });
                        break :stmt st.value.stmt;
                    }
                    // All other functions can be properly moved.
                }

                // Try to move the export default expression to the end.
                const can_be_moved_to_inner_scope = switch (st.value) {
                    .stmt => |s| switch (s.data) {
                        .s_class => |c| c.class.canBeMoved() and (if (c.class.class_name) |name|
                            p.symbols.items[name.ref.?.inner_index].use_count_estimate == 0
                        else
                            true),
                        .s_function => |f| if (f.func.name) |name|
                            p.symbols.items[name.ref.?.inner_index].use_count_estimate == 0
                        else
                            true,
                        else => unreachable,
                    },
                    .expr => |e| switch (e.data) {
                        .e_identifier => true,
                        else => e.canBeMoved(),
                    },
                };
                if (can_be_moved_to_inner_scope) {
                    try ctx.export_props.append(p.allocator, .{
                        .key = Expr.init(E.String, .{ .data = "default" }, stmt.loc),
                        .value = st.value.toExpr(),
                    });
                    // no statement emitted
                    return;
                }

                // Otherwise, an identifier must be exported
                switch (st.value) {
                    .expr => {
                        const temp_id = p.generateTempRef("default_export");
                        try ctx.last_part.declared_symbols.append(p.allocator, .{ .ref = temp_id, .is_top_level = true });
                        try ctx.last_part.symbol_uses.putNoClobber(p.allocator, temp_id, .{ .count_estimate = 1 });
                        try p.current_scope.generated.push(p.allocator, temp_id);

                        try ctx.export_props.append(p.allocator, .{
                            .key = Expr.init(E.String, .{ .data = "default" }, stmt.loc),
                            .value = Expr.initIdentifier(temp_id, stmt.loc),
                        });

                        break :stmt Stmt.alloc(S.Local, .{
                            .kind = .k_const,
                            .decls = try G.Decl.List.fromSlice(p.allocator, &.{
                                .{
                                    .binding = Binding.alloc(p.allocator, B.Identifier{ .ref = temp_id }, stmt.loc),
                                    .value = st.value.toExpr(),
                                },
                            }),
                        }, stmt.loc);
                    },
                    .stmt => |s| {
                        try ctx.export_props.append(p.allocator, .{
                            .key = Expr.init(E.String, .{ .data = "default" }, stmt.loc),
                            .value = Expr.initIdentifier(switch (s.data) {
                                .s_class => |class| class.class.class_name.?.ref.?,
                                .s_function => |func| func.func.name.?.ref.?,
                                else => unreachable,
                            }, stmt.loc),
                        });
                        break :stmt s;
                    },
                }
            },
            .s_class => |st| stmt: {

                // Strip the "export" keyword
                if (!st.is_export) {
                    break :stmt stmt;
                }

                // Export as CommonJS
                try ctx.export_props.append(p.allocator, .{
                    .key = Expr.init(E.String, .{
                        .data = p.symbols.items[st.class.class_name.?.ref.?.inner_index].original_name,
                    }, stmt.loc),
                    .value = Expr.initIdentifier(st.class.class_name.?.ref.?, stmt.loc),
                });

                st.is_export = false;

                break :stmt stmt;
            },
            .s_function => |st| stmt: {
                // Strip the "export" keyword
                if (!st.func.flags.contains(.is_export)) break :stmt stmt;

                st.func.flags.remove(.is_export);

                try ctx.visitRefToExport(
                    p,
                    st.func.name.?.ref.?,
                    null,
                    stmt.loc,
                    false,
                );

                break :stmt stmt;
            },
            .s_export_clause => |st| {
                for (st.items) |item| {
                    const ref = item.name.ref.?;
                    try ctx.visitRefToExport(p, ref, item.alias, item.name.loc, false);
                }

                return; // do not emit a statement here
            },
            .s_export_from => |st| {
                const namespace_ref = try ctx.deduplicatedImport(
                    p,
                    st.import_record_index,
                    st.namespace_ref,
                    st.items,
                    stmt.loc,
                    null,
                    stmt.loc,
                );
                for (st.items) |*item| {
                    const ref = item.name.ref.?;
                    const symbol = &p.symbols.items[ref.innerIndex()];
                    if (symbol.namespace_alias == null) {
                        symbol.namespace_alias = .{
                            .namespace_ref = namespace_ref,
                            .alias = item.original_name,
                            .import_record_index = st.import_record_index,
                        };
                    }
                    try ctx.visitRefToExport(
                        p,
                        ref,
                        item.alias,
                        item.name.loc,
                        !ctx.is_in_node_modules, // live binding when this may be replaced
                    );

                    // imports and export statements have their alias +
                    // original_name swapped. this is likely a design bug in
                    // the parser but since everything uses these
                    // assumptions, this hack is simpler than making it
                    // proper
                    const alias = item.alias;
                    item.alias = item.original_name;
                    item.original_name = alias;
                }
                return;
            },
            .s_export_star => |st| {
                const namespace_ref = try ctx.deduplicatedImport(
                    p,
                    st.import_record_index,
                    st.namespace_ref,
                    &.{},
                    stmt.loc,
                    null,
                    stmt.loc,
                );

                if (st.alias) |alias| {
                    // 'export * as ns from' creates one named property.
                    try ctx.export_props.append(p.allocator, .{
                        .key = Expr.init(E.String, .{ .data = alias.original_name }, stmt.loc),
                        .value = Expr.initIdentifier(namespace_ref, stmt.loc),
                    });
                } else {
                    // 'export * from' creates a spread, hoisted at the top.
                    try ctx.export_star_props.append(p.allocator, .{
                        .kind = .spread,
                        .value = Expr.initIdentifier(namespace_ref, stmt.loc),
                    });
                }
                return;
            },
            // De-duplicate import statements. It is okay to disregard
            // named/default imports here as we always rewrite them as
            // full qualified property accesses (needed for live-bindings)
            .s_import => |st| {
                _ = try ctx.deduplicatedImport(
                    p,
                    st.import_record_index,
                    st.namespace_ref,
                    st.items,
                    st.star_name_loc,
                    st.default_name,
                    stmt.loc,
                );
                return;
            },
        };

        try ctx.stmts.append(p.allocator, new_stmt);
    }

    /// Deduplicates imports, returning a previously used Ref if present.
    fn deduplicatedImport(
        ctx: *ConvertESMExportsForHmr,
        p: anytype,
        import_record_index: u32,
        namespace_ref: Ref,
        items: []js_ast.ClauseItem,
        star_name_loc: ?logger.Loc,
        default_name: ?js_ast.LocRef,
        loc: logger.Loc,
    ) !Ref {
        const ir = &p.import_records.items[import_record_index];
        const gop = try ctx.imports_seen.getOrPut(p.allocator, ir.path.text);
        if (gop.found_existing) {
            // Disable this one since an older record is getting used.  It isn't
            // practical to delete this import record entry since an import or
            // require expression can exist.
            ir.is_unused = true;

            const stmt = ctx.stmts.items[gop.value_ptr.stmt_index].data.s_import;
            if (items.len > 0) {
                if (stmt.items.len == 0) {
                    stmt.items = items;
                } else {
                    stmt.items = try std.mem.concat(p.allocator, js_ast.ClauseItem, &.{ stmt.items, items });
                }
            }
            if (namespace_ref.isValid()) {
                if (!stmt.namespace_ref.isValid()) {
                    stmt.namespace_ref = namespace_ref;
                    return namespace_ref;
                } else {
                    // Erase this namespace ref, but since it may be used in
                    // existing AST trees, a link must be established.
                    const symbol = &p.symbols.items[namespace_ref.innerIndex()];
                    symbol.use_count_estimate = 0;
                    symbol.link = stmt.namespace_ref;
                    if (@hasField(@typeInfo(@TypeOf(p)).pointer.child, "symbol_uses")) {
                        _ = p.symbol_uses.swapRemove(namespace_ref);
                    }
                }
            }
            if (stmt.star_name_loc == null) if (star_name_loc) |stl| {
                stmt.star_name_loc = stl;
            };
            if (stmt.default_name == null) if (default_name) |dn| {
                stmt.default_name = dn;
            };
            return stmt.namespace_ref;
        }

        try ctx.stmts.append(p.allocator, Stmt.alloc(S.Import, .{
            .import_record_index = import_record_index,
            .is_single_line = true,
            .default_name = default_name,
            .items = items,
            .namespace_ref = namespace_ref,
            .star_name_loc = star_name_loc,
        }, loc));

        gop.value_ptr.* = .{ .stmt_index = @intCast(ctx.stmts.items.len - 1) };
        return namespace_ref;
    }

    fn visitBindingToExport(ctx: *ConvertESMExportsForHmr, p: anytype, binding: Binding) !void {
        switch (binding.data) {
            .b_missing => {},
            .b_identifier => |id| {
                try ctx.visitRefToExport(p, id.ref, null, binding.loc, false);
            },
            .b_array => |array| {
                for (array.items) |item| {
                    try ctx.visitBindingToExport(p, item.binding);
                }
            },
            .b_object => |object| {
                for (object.properties) |item| {
                    try ctx.visitBindingToExport(p, item.value);
                }
            },
        }
    }

    fn visitRefToExport(
        ctx: *ConvertESMExportsForHmr,
        p: anytype,
        ref: Ref,
        export_symbol_name: ?[]const u8,
        loc: logger.Loc,
        is_live_binding_source: bool,
    ) !void {
        const symbol = p.symbols.items[ref.inner_index];
        const id = if (symbol.kind == .import)
            Expr.init(E.ImportIdentifier, .{ .ref = ref }, loc)
        else
            Expr.initIdentifier(ref, loc);
        if (is_live_binding_source or (symbol.kind == .import and !ctx.is_in_node_modules) or symbol.has_been_assigned_to) {
            // TODO (2024-11-24) instead of requiring getters for live-bindings,
            // a callback propagation system should be considered.  mostly
            // because here, these might not even be live bindings, and
            // re-exports are so, so common.
            //
            // update(2025-03-05): HMRModule in ts now contains an exhaustive map
            // of importers. For local live bindings, these can just remember to
            // mutate the field in the exports object. Re-exports can just be
            // encoded into the module format, propagated in `replaceModules`
            const key = Expr.init(E.String, .{
                .data = export_symbol_name orelse symbol.original_name,
            }, loc);

            // This is technically incorrect in that we've marked this as a
            // top level symbol. but all we care about is preventing name
            // collisions, not necessarily the best minificaiton (dev only)
            const arg1 = p.generateTempRef(symbol.original_name);
            try ctx.last_part.declared_symbols.append(p.allocator, .{ .ref = arg1, .is_top_level = true });
            try ctx.last_part.symbol_uses.putNoClobber(p.allocator, arg1, .{ .count_estimate = 1 });
            try p.current_scope.generated.push(p.allocator, arg1);

            // 'get abc() { return abc }'
            try ctx.export_props.append(p.allocator, .{
                .kind = .get,
                .key = key,
                .value = Expr.init(E.Function, .{ .func = .{
                    .body = .{
                        .stmts = try p.allocator.dupe(Stmt, &.{
                            Stmt.alloc(S.Return, .{ .value = id }, loc),
                        }),
                        .loc = loc,
                    },
                } }, loc),
            });
            // no setter is added since live bindings are read-only
        } else {
            // 'abc,'
            try ctx.export_props.append(p.allocator, .{
                .key = Expr.init(E.String, .{
                    .data = export_symbol_name orelse symbol.original_name,
                }, loc),
                .value = id,
            });
        }
    }

    pub fn finalize(ctx: *ConvertESMExportsForHmr, p: anytype, all_parts: []js_ast.Part) !void {
        if (ctx.export_star_props.items.len > 0) {
            if (ctx.export_props.items.len == 0) {
                ctx.export_props = ctx.export_star_props;
            } else {
                const export_star_len = ctx.export_star_props.items.len;
                try ctx.export_props.ensureUnusedCapacity(p.allocator, export_star_len);
                const len = ctx.export_props.items.len;
                ctx.export_props.items.len += export_star_len;
                bun.copy(G.Property, ctx.export_props.items[export_star_len..], ctx.export_props.items[0..len]);
                @memcpy(ctx.export_props.items[0..export_star_len], ctx.export_star_props.items);
            }
        }

        if (ctx.export_props.items.len > 0) {
            const obj = Expr.init(E.Object, .{
                .properties = G.Property.List.fromList(ctx.export_props),
            }, logger.Loc.Empty);

            // `hmr.exports = ...`
            try ctx.stmts.append(p.allocator, Stmt.alloc(S.SExpr, .{
                .value = Expr.assign(
                    Expr.init(E.Dot, .{
                        .target = Expr.initIdentifier(p.hmr_api_ref, logger.Loc.Empty),
                        .name = "exports",
                        .name_loc = logger.Loc.Empty,
                    }, logger.Loc.Empty),
                    obj,
                ),
            }, logger.Loc.Empty));

            // mark a dependency on module_ref so it is renamed
            try ctx.last_part.symbol_uses.put(p.allocator, p.module_ref, .{ .count_estimate = 1 });
            try ctx.last_part.declared_symbols.append(p.allocator, .{ .ref = p.module_ref, .is_top_level = true });
        }

        if (p.options.features.react_fast_refresh and p.react_refresh.register_used) {
            try ctx.stmts.append(p.allocator, Stmt.alloc(S.SExpr, .{
                .value = Expr.init(E.Call, .{
                    .target = Expr.init(E.Dot, .{
                        .target = Expr.initIdentifier(p.hmr_api_ref, .Empty),
                        .name = "reactRefreshAccept",
                        .name_loc = .Empty,
                    }, .Empty),
                    .args = .init(&.{}),
                }, .Empty),
            }, .Empty));
        }

        // Merge all part metadata into the first part.
        for (all_parts[0 .. all_parts.len - 1]) |*part| {
            try ctx.last_part.declared_symbols.appendList(p.allocator, part.declared_symbols);
            try ctx.last_part.import_record_indices.append(p.allocator, part.import_record_indices.slice());
            for (part.symbol_uses.keys(), part.symbol_uses.values()) |k, v| {
                const gop = try ctx.last_part.symbol_uses.getOrPut(p.allocator, k);
                if (!gop.found_existing) {
                    gop.value_ptr.* = v;
                } else {
                    gop.value_ptr.count_estimate += v.count_estimate;
                }
            }
            part.stmts = &.{};
            part.declared_symbols.entries.len = 0;
            part.tag = .dead_due_to_inlining;
            part.dependencies.clearRetainingCapacity();
            try part.dependencies.push(p.allocator, .{
                .part_index = @intCast(all_parts.len - 1),
                .source_index = p.source.index,
            });
        }

        try ctx.last_part.import_record_indices.append(p.allocator, p.import_records_for_current_part.items);
        try ctx.last_part.declared_symbols.appendList(p.allocator, p.declared_symbols);

        ctx.last_part.stmts = ctx.stmts.items;
        ctx.last_part.tag = .none;
    }
};

/// Equivalent of esbuild's js_ast_helpers.ToInt32
fn floatToInt32(f: f64) i32 {
    // Special-case non-finite numbers
    if (!std.math.isFinite(f))
        return 0;

    const uint: u32 = @intFromFloat(@mod(@abs(f), std.math.maxInt(u32) + 1));
    const int: i32 = @bitCast(uint);
    return if (f < 0) @as(i32, 0) -% int else int;
}