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Digital Research
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Sepp J Morris
2020-11-06 18:50:37 +01:00
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.so macro
.he 'AR68''AR68'
.pr PROGRAM AR68
ar68 - archive maintainer
.us USAGE
ar68 flags [pos] archive file1 file2 ...
.fn FUNCTION
\&'ar68' collects individual files into a single archive,
or library file.
It is primarily used to maintain libraries of object files
for use by the loader,
although it can be used with any type of file.
.sp 1
The flags argument determines the function that 'ar68' performs.
One character from the set {dprtx} must be specified;
these are the function select flags.
The function select flags specify the following functions:
.sp 2
.in +8
.ti -8
d\ \ \ \ \ \ \ Delete the specified files from the archive.
.sp
.ti -8
p\ \ \ \ \ \ \ Print the specified files.
If the files are not printable,
e.g. object files, havoc results.
.sp
.ti -8
r\ \ \ \ \ \ \ Replace the specified files.
If an optional position flag from the set
{abi} is not specified new files are placed at the end of the archive.
.sp
.ti -8
t\ \ \ \ \ \ \ Print a table of contents of the archive.
If files are specified only the specified files are listed.
.sp
.ti -8
x\ \ \ \ \ \ \ Extract the specified files from the archive,
creating loose files in the current directory.
If no files are specified, all of the files in the archive are extracted.
Note that 'x' does not alter the archive.
The 'd' flag must be used to delete files from an archive.
.sp 2
.in -8
The files must be specified in the same order as they appear in the
archive file,
otherwise some of the files may not be found.
For example, if an archive "t.a" consists of the files file1, file2
and file3 in that order,
the command "ar t t.a file2 file1" will cause file2 to be listed,
but not file1.
Instead, the message "file1 not in archive" will be printed.
This is because 'ar68' only searches the archive once.
Files must be specified in the order they appear in the archive.
.sp 2
Characters from the set {abiv} may be included in the flags argument.
These characters have the following function:
.in +8
.sp 2
.ti -8
a\ \ \ \ \ \ \ When used with the 'r' flag, 'a' specifies that new files
are to be inserted after the file "pos" in the archive.
Note that the "pos" argument must be specified if and only if
one of the characters {abi} appear in the flags argument.
.sp
.ti -8
b\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 'b' has the same function as 'a', except that new files are
inserted before the file "pos" in the archive.
.sp
.ti -8
i\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 'i' has exactly the same meaning as 'b', the two characters
can be used interchangeably (but only one must appear).
.sp
.ti -8
v\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 'v' (verbose) causes a file by file description of the
operation of 'ar68' to be printed.
Files are either copied (c),
replaced (r), added (a), deleted (d) or extracted (x) from an archive.
When used with the 't' flag, 'v' causes a long listing to be printed.
Verbose has no effect on the print function.
.in -8
.fl FILES
_~ar????? (process id in octal) - temporary file
.dg DIAGNOSTICS
.sa SEE ALSO
lo68 (cmnd), ar68 (files)
.bg BUGS
When using any of the 'a' 'b', or 'i' flags to position the files,
if any of the files in the namelist already exist in the archive,
you must delete them with the delete option first. Otherwise, 'ar68'
will make another copy of them.

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.so macro
.he 'AS68''AS68'
.pr PROGRAM AS
as68 - assembler for the Motorola 68000
.us USAGE
as68 [-i] [-p] [-u] [-a] [-N] sourcefile
.fn FUNCTION
\&'as68' is the REGULUS 68000 assembler.
It is used to assemble a program for the Motorola 68000.
The syntax accepted is identical to the Motorola 68000 cross assembler as
described in Motorola Manual M68KXASM(D3) with the exceptions and
additions described below.
The source file must be present as the first argument.
The assembler always produces a relocatable object file whose name
is the same as the source file primary name with a ".o" extension --
ie. if the source file name is "test.s" then the object file name is
"test.o"; if the source file name is "pgm1" then the object file
name is "pgm1.o".
.sp
The -i option is used to initialize the assembler in the case that
the file '/lib/as68symb' does not exist or becomes corrupted. It
also requires the use of the initialization file /lib/as68init.
The command would be of the form : 'as68 -i /lib/as68init'.
.sp
If the -p flag is specified, the assembler produces a hexidecimal
side-by-side listing on the standard output
(you may want to redirect this to a file).
Error messages are also produced on the standard output file whether or not
the -p flag is specified.
.sp
If the -u flag is specified, all undefined symbols in the assembly
are treated as global.
.sp
If the -a flag is specified, all address constants are generated
as 16-bit numbers.
Default is 32-bit numbers for all externals.
.sp
If the -N flag is specified, pass 1.5 of the assembler is not executed.
This pass changes all long relative branches to short relative branches
where possible.
.sp
Error messages begin with an &,
indicate the source line on which the error occurred
and are meant to be self-explanatory.
The error messages preceded by a single '&' are generated during the
first pass of the assembler and those preceded by a pair '&&' are
generated during the second pass of the assembler.
.sp
The assembler accepts both upper and lower case characters.
Labels and variables are case sensitive ('LOOP' is different
from 'Loop'), but mnemonics and directives can be in either upper
or lower case.
.sp
Macros are implemented using the C preprocessor which is part of the
cc68 command (see C68(cmnd)).
Conditional assembly is also implemented using the
preprocessor.
Use the command "cc -P pgm.s" to expand macros using the C preprocessor.
The expanded file is left on pgm.i.
.sp
.fl FILES
/lib/as68symb
.br
/tmp/a6????A (???? is the process id number)
.br
/lib/as68init
.sa SEE ALSO
as68 (misc), lo68 (cmnd), c68 (cmnd)
.ex EXTRAS
The following enhancements have been added to aid the assembly language
programmer by making the assembly language more regular:
.sp
move, add, sub mnemonics will actually generate moveq, addq, and suba
instructions where possible.
If a move instruction rather than a moveq instruction is desired (affecting
only lower byte or word of D register), the size attribute must be
explicitly coded ie. move.b or move.w.
The assembler will change any
move or move.l to moveq if possible.
.sp
clr.x An is allowed and will actually generate a suba.x An,An instruction.
.sp
add, sub, cmp with an A register source/destination are allowed and
generate adda, suba, cmpa.
.sp
add, and, cmp, eor, or, sub are allowed with immediate first operands
and actually generate addi, andi, cmpi, eori, ori, subi instructions
if the second operand is not register direct.
.sp
All branch instructions generate short relative branches where
possible, including forward references.
.sp
Any shift instruction with no shift count specified assumes a shift count
of one; ie. "asl r1" is equivalent to "asl #1,r1".
.sp
jsr instructions are changed to bsr instructions if the resulting
bsr is shorter than the jsr.
.sp
The mnemonics 'inc' and 'dec' are also recognized and are functionally
equivilent to "addq 1" or "subq 1".
.sp
Several additional mnemonics have been added to the condition code
instructions which map to the standard set (bt -> bra, bhs
-> bhis, bnz -> bne, bze -> beq, dbhs -> dbhi,
dblo -> dbcs, dbnz -> dbne, dbze -> dbeq, shs
-> scc, slo -> scc, snz -> sne, sze -> seq).
.bg BUGS
\&.set is currently implemented as a .equ.
.sp
There are several directives which are recognized but ignored:
mask2, idnt, ttl, opt, and page.
.sp
PC relative addressing mode is currently not supported.

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.so macro
.he 'C68''C68'
.de sw
.sp
.ti -8
..
.pr PROGRAM C68
c68 - 68000 C compiler
.us USAGE
c68 [-c] [-[e|f]] [-v] [-L] [-a] [-S] [-T] [-t] [-[6|7|3|5]] file...
.fn FUNCTION
'c68' is the REGULUS 68000 C compiler. It accepts three types of arguments:
.sp
Arguments whose names end with '.c' are taken to be C source programs;
they are compiled, and each object program is left on the file
whose name is that of the source with '.o' substituted for '.c'.
The '.o' file is normally deleted, however, if a single
C program is compiled and loaded all at one go.
.sp
The aforementioned flags as well as the C preprocessor flags (eg. -P or -D)
See 'cpp68(cmnd)' and the link-editor flags (eg. -l or -s) See 'lo68(cmnd)'.
The following flags are interpreted by 'c68'.
.in +8
.sw
-c\ \ \ \ \ \ Suppress the loading phase of the compilation and force an
object file to be produced, even if only one program is compiled.
.sw
-e\ \ \ \ \ \ Specify that floating point arithmetic is used. Instructs
the loader to load the floating point library 'libE.a'. Constants
will be generated in the 'IEEE Floating Point' format. Constants will
be generated in this format by default.
.sw
-f\ \ \ \ \ \ Specify that floating point arithmetic is used. Instructs
the loader to load the floating point library 'libF.a'. Constants
will be generated in the 'Fast Floating Point' format.
.sw
-v\ \ \ \ \ \ Force the 'C' source file being processed to be printed
regardless of whether there is more than one or not.
.sw
-S\ \ \ \ \ \ Compile the named C programs, and leave
the assembler-language output on corresponding file suffixed by '.s'.
Line number comments are included in the assembly code to help relate
the assembly code and the C source.
.sw
-L\ \ \ \ \ \ (default) Compile a program which is larger than 32K bytes.
This flag instructs the assembler to generate 32 bit addresses for
all external references and also changes some code generation
sequences (i.e. indexed array references). This flag MUST be specified
for all programs whose total size (text size + data size + bss size)
is larger than 32K bytes.
.sw
-a\ \ \ \ \ \ This is the alternate of the '-L' flag, it causes
the assembler to generate 16 bit addresses for all externally referenced
variables.
.sw
-T\ \ \ \ \ \ Generate assembler code suitable for the 68010.
Generates "move cc" instead of "move sr". Let's the assembler know the
meaning of the "movec", "moves", "rte", and "rtd" instructions.
.sw
-t\ \ \ \ \ \ Causes string constants to be placed in the text segment
(as opposed to the data segment). The '-t' flag with an appended
0, 1, 2, or p (eg. '-tp') is used to specify an alternate parser,
code generator, assembler or preprocessor respectively. The alternate
executables are expected to be located in the directory "/usr/c68".
.sw
-6\ \ \ \ \ \ Version 6 compatibility mode. Adds the v6 include file
directory onto the include file search list (/usr/include/v6), and
adds the version 6 compatibility library (/lib/libv6.a) to the
loader's library search list.
.sw
-7\ \ \ \ \ \ Version 7 compatibility mode. Adds the v7 include file
directory onto the include file search list (/usr/include/v7), and
adds the version 7 compatibility library (/lib/libv7.a) to the
loader's library search list.
.sw
-3\ \ \ \ \ \ System 3 compatibility mode. Adds the s3 include file
directory onto the include file search list (/usr/include/sys3), and
adds the system 3 compatibility library (/lib/libs3.a) to the
loader's library search list.
.sw
-5\ \ \ \ \ \ System 5 compatibility mode. Adds the s5 include file
directory onto the include file search list (/usr/include/sys5), and
adds the system 5 compatibility library (/lib/libs5.a) to the
loader's library search list.
.sw
-P\ \ \ \ \ \ Run only the macro preprocessor
on the named C programs, and leave the output on corresponding
files suffixed '.i'.
.sw
-E\ \ \ \ \ \ Run only the macro preprocessor on the named C programs,
and write the output to the standard output device. Each code block is
identified using a sequence consisting of the source file name and
line number (eg. # 34 file.c).
.sw
-C\ \ \ \ \ \ Like the -E flag except that the comments are not removed.
This is used by lint and similar programs which need information which
is stored in comments.
.sw
-Dxxx\ \ \ Define the symbol "xxx" as a preprocessor symbol.
This flag is useful for setting compile time options such as "DEBUG"
or "NOMMU". (See the "ifdef" construct described below)
.sw
-Idir\ \ \ Specify a directory (eg. -I/usr/include/test) in which to
search for include files which are surrounded by angle brackets <stdio.h>
or quotes "ctypes.h" before searching in the default directory '/usr/include'.
If '-I' is specified without a directory name the current directory will
be used.
.in -8
.sp
Other arguments are taken to be either loader flag arguments,
or C-compatible object programs, typically produced by an earlier 'c68' run,
or perhaps libraries of C-compatible routines. These programs,
together with the results of any compilations specified, are loaded
(in the order given) to produce an executable program with name 'c.out'.
.sp
The instruction 'asm("text");' will output a single line of text into the
assembly output literally.
.fl FILES
.nf
.na
file.c input file
file.o object file
file.s assembly language file
file.i preprocessor output file
a.out loaded output
/tmp/c6t?a temporary
/lib/c068 parser
/lib/c168 code generator
/lib/c680.o runtime startoff
/lib/lib7.a 68000 C library
/lib/libF.a 68000 fast floating point library
/lib/libE.a 68000 IEEE floating point library
/lib/libv6.a version 6 compatibility library
/lib/libv7.a version 7 compatibility library
/lib/libs3.a system 3 compatiblity library
/lib/libs5.a system 5 compatibility library
.fi
.ad
.sa SEE ALSO
.fi
.ad
"The C Programming Language" by Kernighan and Ritchie, published by
Prentice-Hall in 1978.
.br
cpp(cmnd), as(cmnd), ld(cmnd), float(misc), a.out(files)
.br
float(misc)
.dg DIAGNOSTICS
The diagnostics produced by C itself are intended to be self-explanatory.
Occasional messages may be produced by the assembler or loader.
To distinguish the source of error messages,
compiler error messages begin with an *,
assembler error messages begin with an &,
and loader error messages begin with a :.
.sp
.ti -5
DIFFERENCES
.br
This compiler is an implementation of the language as described in
Kernighan and Ritchie Appendix A with the following exceptions
and/or machine dependencies:
.sp
All pointers are 32 bits in length to accommodate the full 68000
addressing range.
Address constants are generated as 32-bit numbers
unless the -a flag is specified.
.sp
Pointer register variables are assigned to A-registers.
All other register variables are assigned to D-registers.
There are 5 D-registers and 3 A-registers available for register variables.
.sp
Structure arguments, and structures returned
from procedures are not yet implemented.
.sp
An additional comment syntax has been added. Comments may be introduced
by two slashes (i.e. //) and are terminated by the end of the source line.
The standard C comment syntax (i.e. /* comment */) is also supported.
.sp
Unsigned long and unsigned short have not yet been implemented.

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.so macro
.he 'CPP68''CPP68'
.de sw
.sp
.ti -8
..
.pr PROGRAM CPP68
cpp68 - 68000 C preprocessor
.us USAGE
cpp68 [-C] [-P] [-E] [-D] [-I] [-[6|7|3|5]] source
.fn FUNCTION
'cpp68' is the REGULUS 68000 C preprocessor. It may be called specifically
or by using 'cc'. The following flags re interpreted by the C preprocessor:
.sp
.sw
-P\ \ \ \ \ \ Run only the macro preprocessor
on the named C programs, and leave the output on corresponding
files suffixed '.i'.
.sw
-E\ \ \ \ \ \ Run only the macro preprocessor on the named C programs,
and write the output to the standard output device. Each code block is
identified using a sequence consisting of the source file name and
line number (eg. # 34 file.c).
.sw
-C\ \ \ \ \ \ Like the -C flag except that the comments are not removed.
This is used by lint and similar programs which need information which
is stored in comments.
.sw
-Idir\ \ \ Specify a directory (eg. -I/usr/include/test) in which to
search for include files which are surrounded by angle brackets <stdio.h>
or quotes "ctypes.h" before searching in the default directory '/usr/include'.
If '-I' is specified without a directory name the current directory will
be used.
.sw
-6\ \ \ \ \ \ Version 6 compatibility mode. Adds the v6 include file
directory onto the include file search list (/usr/include/v6), and
adds the version 6 compatibility library (/lib/libv6.a) to the
loader's library search list.
.sw
-7\ \ \ \ \ \ Version 7 compatibility mode. Adds the v7 include file
directory onto the include file search list (/usr/include/v7), and
adds the version 7 compatibility library (/lib/libv7.a) to the
loader's library search list.
.sw
-3\ \ \ \ \ \ System 3 compatibility mode. Adds the s3 include file
directory onto the include file search list (/usr/include/sys3), and
adds the system 3 compatibility library (/lib/libs3.a) to the
loader's library search list.
.sw
-5\ \ \ \ \ \ System 5 compatibility mode. Adds the s5 include file
directory onto the include file search list (/usr/include/sys5), and
adds the system 5 compatibility library (/lib/libs5.a) to the
loader's library search list.
.in -8
.sp
.ne 4
'cpp68' provides a macro processing facility with the following commands:
.sp
.in +8
.ti -8
#include "filename"
.br
.ti -8
#include <filename>
.sp
Causes the text of the named file to be inserted in the input stream.
Files may contain (nested) #include statements. The quoted (single or
double) inlude file will first be looked for in the directory where the
source file exists which references it, followed by the directories
specified using the '-I' flag, and finally in the directory '/usr/include'.
An include file surrounded by angle brackets will be looked for only on
the include file path list, and in '/usr/include'.
.sp
.ti -8
#define NAME string
.sp
Causes the contents of "string" to be substituted
for NAME whenever NAME is encountered in the input stream.
NAME must be a valid "C" identifier.
.sp
.ti -8
#define NAME(a,b,c) text
.sp
Causes substitution of the text (with
parameters) whenever
NAME(p1,p2,p3) is encountered in the input stream.
NAME, a, b, and c must be valid "C" identifiers.
.sp
.ti -8
#undef NAME
.sp
Causes the definition of NAME to be forgotten.
.sp
.ti -8
#ifdef NAME
.sp
If NAME has been previously defined in a #define statement
or via the -D flag,
include all input until a corresponding #else or #endif is encountered;
if NAME is undefined, skip the input.
Nesting of conditional statements is permitted.
The value of NAME is immaterial.
.sp
.ti -8
#ifndef NAME
.sp
If NAME has not been defined in a previous #define statement,
include all input until a corresponding #else or #endif
is encountered in the input
stream; if NAME is defined, skip the input.
.sp
.ti -8
#if CONSTANT_EXPRESSION
.sp
If the CONSTANT_EXPRESSION has a non-zero value, include
all input until a corresponding #endif or #else is encountered in the
input stream; if CONSTANT_EXPRESSION is zero, skip the input.
.sp
.ti -8
#else
.sp
If the checked condition in the corresponding #if, #ifdef, or
#ifndef is true then any lines between #else and #endif are ignored.
If the checked condition is false then any lines between the test
and the #else or, lacking a #else, the #endif, are ignored.
.sp
.ti -8
#endif
.sp
Terminate a #if or #ifdef or #ifndef statement.
.sp
.ti -8
#line LINE [FILENAME]
.sp
Coerces the preprocessor and the parser into believing that the next line
is in the specified file on the specified line. If no filename is
specified uses the current source file name.
.in -8
.sp
There are two predefined, user redefineable macro's __FILE and __LINE
while will respectively be evaluated to the current file name enclosed
in double quotes and line number respectively by the preprocessor.
.sp
.fl FILES
.nf
.na
file.c input file
file.s assembly language input file
file.i preprocessor output file
.fi
.ad
.sa SEE ALSO
.fi
.ad
c68(cmnd)

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.so macro
.he 'LO68''LO68'
.de np
.sp
.in -5
.lp +5 5
..
.pr PROGRAM LO68
lo68 - 68000 link editor
.us USAGE
lo68 [ -slXZUoIr] name ...
.fn FUNCTION
\&'lo68'
combines several object programs into one;
resolves external references; and searches libraries.
In the simplest case the names of several object
programs are given, and
\&'lo68'
combines them, producing
an object module which can be executed on the 68000.
The output of
\&'lo68'
is left on
\&'c.out'
(or the file name specified by -o).
This file is made executable only if no errors occurred during the load.
.sp
The argument routines are concatenated in the order
specified.
The entry point of the output is the
beginning of the first routine.
.sp
If any argument is a library, it is searched exactly once
at the point it is encountered in the argument list.
Only those routines defining an unresolved external
reference are loaded.
If a routine from a library
references another routine in the library,
the referenced routine must appear after the
referencing routine in the library.
Thus the order of programs within libraries is important.
Libraries are assumed to be standard ar (cmnd) format
(either magic number 177555 or magic number 177545 library
formats can be searched).
.sp
\&'lo68'
understands several flag arguments which are written
preceded by a `-'.
Except for -l,
they should appear before the file names.
.sp
.lp +4 4
-s\ \ \ `strip' the output, that is, remove the symbol table
and relocation bits to save space.
.np +4 4
-r\ \ \ put the relocation bits on the output file
(default is no relocation bits on the output file).
.np +4 4
-I\ \ \ don't output error messages for 16-bit address overflow.
.np +4 4
-U\ \ \ take the following argument as a symbol and enter
it as undefined in the symbol table.
This is useful
for loading wholly from a library, since initially the symbol
table is empty and an unresolved reference is needed
to force the loading of the first routine.
.np +4 4
-o\ \ \ interprets the argument immediately following it as the name
of the output file. If this argument is not specified, the name
of the output file is c.out.
.np +4 4
-l\ \ \ This option is an abbreviation for a library name.
-l
alone stands for `/lib/lib7.a', which
is the standard system library for assembly language programs.
-lx
stands for `/lib/libx.a' where x is any character.
A library is searched when its name is encountered,
so the placement of a -l
is significant.
.np +4 4
-X\ \ \ Save local symbols
except for those whose names begin with `L'.
This option is used by
\&'lo68'
to discard internally generated labels while
retaining symbols local to routines.
If the -X flag is not specified, lo68 puts only global symbols
into the symbol table.
.np +4 4
-Znnnnnnnn\ \ \ Define nnnnnnnn as beginning hex address for
text segment.
This address defaults to 0, but can be specified as any hex number
between 0 and 0FFFFFFFF hex.
This option is especially useful for stand-alone programs.
nnnnnnnn must be a hex number -- lower case a-f or upper case A-F are
both allowed.
.np +4 4
-Tnnnnnnnn\ \ \ Same as -Znnnnnnnn.
.np +4 4
-Dnnnnnnnn\ \ \ Define nnnnnnnn as beginning hex address for
data segment.
This address defaults to next byte after end of text segment,
but can be specified as any hex number
between 0 and 0FFFFFFFF hex.
This option is especially useful for stand-alone programs.
nnnnnnnn must be a hex number -- lower case a-f or upper case A-F are
both allowed.
.np +4 4
-Bnnnnnnnn\ \ \ Define nnnnnnnn as beginning hex address for
bss segment.
This address defaults to next byte after end of data segment,
but can be specified as any hex number
between 0 and 0FFFFFFFF hex.
This option is especially useful for stand-alone programs.
nnnnnnnn must be a hex number -- lower case a-f or upper case A-F are
both allowed.
.in -5
.dt
.fl FILES
.nf
/lib/lib7.a standard library
/lib/libF.a floating point library
.fi
.br
c.out output file
.sa "SEE ALSO"
as(cmnd), ar(cmnd), cc(cmnd)
.dg DIAGNOSTICS
Error messages begin with a : and are meant to be self-explanatory.

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.ll 64
.po 8
.in 0
.so Sectioname

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.de lp
.in +5
.ti -5
..
.de pr
.bp 1
.sp 2
PROGRAM
.br
.in +5
..
.de us
.sp
.ti -5
USAGE
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EXTRAS
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ASSEMBLY INTERFACE
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14
CPM OPERATING SYSTEMS/CPM 68K/1.0X SOURCES/v102a/doc/cmnd/nmc68 Normal file
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.so macro
.he 'NMC68''NMC68'
.pr PROGRAM NMC68
nmc68 - print c68 symbol table
.us USAGE
nmc68 [ name ]
.fn FUNCTION
prints the symbol table from the output file of an
68000 assembler (as68) or loader (lo68) run.
Each symbol name is followed by its value
and one or more of the following type descriptors: equ (equated), global,
equreg (equated register), external, data, text, bss, abs (absolute).
The output is not sorted and thus appears in the order that the
symbols appear in the file's symbol table.

1
CPM OPERATING SYSTEMS/CPM 68K/1.0X SOURCES/v102a/doc/cmnd/section Normal file
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.fo 'REGULUS Reference Manual'- % -'COMMAND'

37
CPM OPERATING SYSTEMS/CPM 68K/1.0X SOURCES/v102a/doc/cmnd/sendc68 Normal file
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.so macro
.he 'SENDC68''SENDC68'
.pr PROGRAM SENDC68
sendc68 - 68000 downloader
.us USAGE
sendc68 [-r] [-d delay] [-s start] [-e end] [-] objectfile [ ttyname ]
.fn FUNCTION
\&'sendc68' reads the objectfile, which must be in the c.out format produced
by the 68000 linking loader lo68. Sendc68 converts this executable
object code into the absolute ASCII load format (S records) acceptable
by the MACSBUG monitor and then sends these S records to the 68000
via a serial line.
.sp
Locations 400 hexadecimal through 1000 hexidecimal are MACSBUG ram
and will not be loaded. In order to override this, the '-s' and '-e'
flags can be used to alter the addresses which are not to be
loaded. With 'start' being the first address to not load, and 'end'
being the last address. By setting the ending address to be smaller
than the starting address all locations will be considered legitimate.
.sp
The optional argument '-r' will only output a newline, rather than
the standard newline-carriage return. This is for use by systems
which translate newline to carriage return-newline.
.sp
The '-d delay' flag allows the user to specify a line delay. This is
for slowing the output of sendc68 when outputting to a slow device.
.sp
If the optional final argument 'ttyname' is
present, this is the name of the special file (ie. /dev/tty?) to use
to download the 68000. If this optional third argument is not
present, the standard output file is used.
.sp
If the optional "-" argument is specified, sendc68 does not clear
the bss segment during the load. This results in a faster load, but
all bss memory will have random initial values.
.sa SEE ALSO
c68 (cmnd), as68 (cmnd), lo68 (cmnd), c.out (files)

20
CPM OPERATING SYSTEMS/CPM 68K/1.0X SOURCES/v102a/doc/cmnd/setstack Normal file
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.so macro
.he 'SETSTACK68''SETSTACK68'
.pr PROGRAM SETSTACK68
setstack68 - set the stack size
.us USAGE
setstack68 file stacksize [breaksize]
.fn FUNCTION
Sets the stack entry or break size in an executable file to the given
values.
The values are rounded up to the next 1K value.
If the stacksize is 0, the entry in the executable file is not changed.
If the breaksize is not given, the entry in the executable file is not
changed.
The entries are only advisory on a system with a Memory Management Unit.
.sa SEE ALSO
.br
size68 (cmnd)
.br
c.out (file)
.bg BUGS

23
CPM OPERATING SYSTEMS/CPM 68K/1.0X SOURCES/v102a/doc/cmnd/tsendc68 Normal file
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.so macro
.he 'TEKSENDC68''TEKSENDC68'
.pr PROGRAM TEKSENDC68
teksendc68 - 68000 downloader
.us USAGE
teksendc68 [-] objectfile [ttyname]
.fn FUNCTION
Teksendc68
reads the objectfile, which must be in the c.out format produced
by the 68000 linking loader lo68. Teksendc68 converts this executable
object code into the Tektronix Extended TEKHEX format acceptable by
the 8540 for the 68000 and writes this TEKHEX to the output file.
.sp
If the optional third argument (ttyname) is
present, this is the name of the special file (ie. /dev/tty?) to use
to download the 68000. If this optional third argument is not
present, the standard output file is used.
.sp
If the optional "-" argument is specified, teksendc68 does not clear
the bss segment during the load. This results in a faster load, but
all bss memory will have random initial values.
.sa SEE ALSO
c68 (cmnd), as68 (cmnd), lo68 (cmnd), c.out (files)