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Digital Research
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Sepp J Morris
2020-11-06 18:50:37 +01:00
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CPM OPERATING SYSTEMS/CPM 68K/1.0X SOURCES/v102a/doc/cmnd/c68 Normal file
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.so macro
.he 'C68''C68'
.de sw
.sp
.ti -8
..
.pr PROGRAM C68
c68 - 68000 C compiler
.us USAGE
c68 [-c] [-[e|f]] [-v] [-L] [-a] [-S] [-T] [-t] [-[6|7|3|5]] file...
.fn FUNCTION
'c68' is the REGULUS 68000 C compiler. It accepts three types of arguments:
.sp
Arguments whose names end with '.c' are taken to be C source programs;
they are compiled, and each object program is left on the file
whose name is that of the source with '.o' substituted for '.c'.
The '.o' file is normally deleted, however, if a single
C program is compiled and loaded all at one go.
.sp
The aforementioned flags as well as the C preprocessor flags (eg. -P or -D)
See 'cpp68(cmnd)' and the link-editor flags (eg. -l or -s) See 'lo68(cmnd)'.
The following flags are interpreted by 'c68'.
.in +8
.sw
-c\ \ \ \ \ \ Suppress the loading phase of the compilation and force an
object file to be produced, even if only one program is compiled.
.sw
-e\ \ \ \ \ \ Specify that floating point arithmetic is used. Instructs
the loader to load the floating point library 'libE.a'. Constants
will be generated in the 'IEEE Floating Point' format. Constants will
be generated in this format by default.
.sw
-f\ \ \ \ \ \ Specify that floating point arithmetic is used. Instructs
the loader to load the floating point library 'libF.a'. Constants
will be generated in the 'Fast Floating Point' format.
.sw
-v\ \ \ \ \ \ Force the 'C' source file being processed to be printed
regardless of whether there is more than one or not.
.sw
-S\ \ \ \ \ \ Compile the named C programs, and leave
the assembler-language output on corresponding file suffixed by '.s'.
Line number comments are included in the assembly code to help relate
the assembly code and the C source.
.sw
-L\ \ \ \ \ \ (default) Compile a program which is larger than 32K bytes.
This flag instructs the assembler to generate 32 bit addresses for
all external references and also changes some code generation
sequences (i.e. indexed array references). This flag MUST be specified
for all programs whose total size (text size + data size + bss size)
is larger than 32K bytes.
.sw
-a\ \ \ \ \ \ This is the alternate of the '-L' flag, it causes
the assembler to generate 16 bit addresses for all externally referenced
variables.
.sw
-T\ \ \ \ \ \ Generate assembler code suitable for the 68010.
Generates "move cc" instead of "move sr". Let's the assembler know the
meaning of the "movec", "moves", "rte", and "rtd" instructions.
.sw
-t\ \ \ \ \ \ Causes string constants to be placed in the text segment
(as opposed to the data segment). The '-t' flag with an appended
0, 1, 2, or p (eg. '-tp') is used to specify an alternate parser,
code generator, assembler or preprocessor respectively. The alternate
executables are expected to be located in the directory "/usr/c68".
.sw
-6\ \ \ \ \ \ Version 6 compatibility mode. Adds the v6 include file
directory onto the include file search list (/usr/include/v6), and
adds the version 6 compatibility library (/lib/libv6.a) to the
loader's library search list.
.sw
-7\ \ \ \ \ \ Version 7 compatibility mode. Adds the v7 include file
directory onto the include file search list (/usr/include/v7), and
adds the version 7 compatibility library (/lib/libv7.a) to the
loader's library search list.
.sw
-3\ \ \ \ \ \ System 3 compatibility mode. Adds the s3 include file
directory onto the include file search list (/usr/include/sys3), and
adds the system 3 compatibility library (/lib/libs3.a) to the
loader's library search list.
.sw
-5\ \ \ \ \ \ System 5 compatibility mode. Adds the s5 include file
directory onto the include file search list (/usr/include/sys5), and
adds the system 5 compatibility library (/lib/libs5.a) to the
loader's library search list.
.sw
-P\ \ \ \ \ \ Run only the macro preprocessor
on the named C programs, and leave the output on corresponding
files suffixed '.i'.
.sw
-E\ \ \ \ \ \ Run only the macro preprocessor on the named C programs,
and write the output to the standard output device. Each code block is
identified using a sequence consisting of the source file name and
line number (eg. # 34 file.c).
.sw
-C\ \ \ \ \ \ Like the -E flag except that the comments are not removed.
This is used by lint and similar programs which need information which
is stored in comments.
.sw
-Dxxx\ \ \ Define the symbol "xxx" as a preprocessor symbol.
This flag is useful for setting compile time options such as "DEBUG"
or "NOMMU". (See the "ifdef" construct described below)
.sw
-Idir\ \ \ Specify a directory (eg. -I/usr/include/test) in which to
search for include files which are surrounded by angle brackets <stdio.h>
or quotes "ctypes.h" before searching in the default directory '/usr/include'.
If '-I' is specified without a directory name the current directory will
be used.
.in -8
.sp
Other arguments are taken to be either loader flag arguments,
or C-compatible object programs, typically produced by an earlier 'c68' run,
or perhaps libraries of C-compatible routines. These programs,
together with the results of any compilations specified, are loaded
(in the order given) to produce an executable program with name 'c.out'.
.sp
The instruction 'asm("text");' will output a single line of text into the
assembly output literally.
.fl FILES
.nf
.na
file.c input file
file.o object file
file.s assembly language file
file.i preprocessor output file
a.out loaded output
/tmp/c6t?a temporary
/lib/c068 parser
/lib/c168 code generator
/lib/c680.o runtime startoff
/lib/lib7.a 68000 C library
/lib/libF.a 68000 fast floating point library
/lib/libE.a 68000 IEEE floating point library
/lib/libv6.a version 6 compatibility library
/lib/libv7.a version 7 compatibility library
/lib/libs3.a system 3 compatiblity library
/lib/libs5.a system 5 compatibility library
.fi
.ad
.sa SEE ALSO
.fi
.ad
"The C Programming Language" by Kernighan and Ritchie, published by
Prentice-Hall in 1978.
.br
cpp(cmnd), as(cmnd), ld(cmnd), float(misc), a.out(files)
.br
float(misc)
.dg DIAGNOSTICS
The diagnostics produced by C itself are intended to be self-explanatory.
Occasional messages may be produced by the assembler or loader.
To distinguish the source of error messages,
compiler error messages begin with an *,
assembler error messages begin with an &,
and loader error messages begin with a :.
.sp
.ti -5
DIFFERENCES
.br
This compiler is an implementation of the language as described in
Kernighan and Ritchie Appendix A with the following exceptions
and/or machine dependencies:
.sp
All pointers are 32 bits in length to accommodate the full 68000
addressing range.
Address constants are generated as 32-bit numbers
unless the -a flag is specified.
.sp
Pointer register variables are assigned to A-registers.
All other register variables are assigned to D-registers.
There are 5 D-registers and 3 A-registers available for register variables.
.sp
Structure arguments, and structures returned
from procedures are not yet implemented.
.sp
An additional comment syntax has been added. Comments may be introduced
by two slashes (i.e. //) and are terminated by the end of the source line.
The standard C comment syntax (i.e. /* comment */) is also supported.
.sp
Unsigned long and unsigned short have not yet been implemented.