.po 4 .mb 0 .mt 0 .pl 66 .ll 65 .op .in 0 .nf ///1abort Syntax: ABORT programname ABORT programname n .fi ABORT immediately stops execution of the program specified by programname. If you want to abort a program running on another console, include the number (n) of the console running the program. Use CTRL-C to abort a program running on the current virtual console, and the ABORT command for programs running on another virtual console. If you abort more than one program, the ABORT commands are executed in the order given. .nf ///2Examples: In the following example, the ABORT command used to abort the program TYPE executing on console number 1 is executed from another virtual console. The user number does not affect ABORT. .in 4 .nf A>TYPE DOCUMENT.TXT Dear Sir: The company is pleased to inform you tha 5B>ABORT type 1 5B> .in 0 .fi In the above example, assume that the TYPE command was issued from virtual console 1. The TYPE command is aborted from virtual console 3. .nf ///1asm86 Syntax: ASM86 filespec {$options} Purpose: .fi ASM-86 assembles assembly language statements, producing a file in hexadecimal format, a print file and a symbol table file. The assumed filetype of source and included files is A86. The special characters X, Y and Z indicate output to the console, output to the printer, and zero output, respectively. If no format is specified, Digital Research format (FD) is assumed. .nf ///2Examples Examples: .in 4 A>ASM86 PROG A>ASM86 PROG $SZ PX A>ASM86 PROG $HB PY AC .in 0 ///2Options Syntax: ASM86 filespec ($Ad Hd Pd Sd Fd) A source file drive - .A86 d = (logical drives A-D) H hex file drive - .H86 d = (logical drives A-D, X,Y,Z) P print file drive - .LST d = (logical drives A-D, X,Y,Z) S symbol file drive - .SYM d = (logical drives A-D, X,Y,Z) F format of hex file- .H86 d = (D=Digital Research, I=Intel) .nf ///1buffered .fi You can switch the current (foreground) virtual console into the background by selecting a different virtual console for display. If the switched-out virtual console is in Buffered Mode, any program output to that console is stored in a disk file. Then, when the background virtual console is again switched into the foreground, any output stored in the file is displayed on the monitor. Use CTRL O to flush the disk buffer, that is, to skip over the display of buffered output. The other virtual console mode is Dynamic Mode. Use the VCMODE command to switch consoles from one mode to the other. .nf ///1commands Concurrent CP/M-86 command line syntax: A> {command tail} .fi Concurrent CP/M-86 accepts the command lines you type following the system prompt. The command keyword identifies the system command or program to be executed. The optional command tail can consist of a filespec or various command parameters, depending upon the specific command. To complete the command, press the RETURN key . File specifications used in command lines are composed of the following parts: .nf {d:}filename{.typ}{;password} d: is an optional drive specifier filename is the 1- to 8-character file name .typ is an optional file type ;password is an optional 1- to 8-character password ///1date Syntax: DATE {DD/MM/YY HH:MM:SS | P} Purpose: .fi The DATE utility allows you to set the system clock to the correct date and time. It also allows you to display the current date and time on the current virtual console. The date is represented in conventional day-month-year format, while the time is represented in 24-hour clock format: 00:00:00 to 11:59:59 indicates AM, and 12:00:00 to 23:59:59 indicates PM. .nf ///2examples Examples: A>DATE ; displays the current date and time Fri 02/18/83 14:22:23 A>DATE 02/17/83 11:34:00 ; sets the current date and time Press any key to set time Th 02/17/83 11:34:00 A>DATE P The DATE P command causes the system to display the current date and time continuously. Pressing any key cancels the display. .nf ///1ddt86 Syntax: DDT86 {filespec} Purpose: .fi DDT86 aids debugging of 8086 and 8088 programs. DDT86 assumes a default filetype of CMD. If a file specification is not included, DDT86 is loaded into User Memory without a test program. The test program is then loaded using the E command. If the optional file specification is included in the command, both DDT86 and the test program file specified by filespec are loaded into memory. DDT86 does not support passwords. To exit DDT86, press CTRL-C. .nf ///2Examples Examples: .in 4 A>DDT86 A>DDT86 PROGRAM1 A>DDT86 PROGRAM2.CMD A>DDT86 B:PROGRAM3.CMD .ti -4 DDT86 Commands: -D -L1008:0,4F -SW23a .nf .in 0 ///2commands .fi DDT86 Command Summary The command character can be followed by one or more arguments. Separate arguments from one another by commas or spaces; no spaces are allowed between the command character and the first argument. .nf As (Assemble) Enter Assembly Language Statements Bs,f,s1 (Block Compare) Compare Blocks of Memory D(W)(s(,f)) (Display) Display Memory in Hexadecimal and ASCII Efilespec (Execution) Load Program for Execution Fs,f,bc (Fill) Fill Memory Block with a byte constant FWs,f,wc (Fill Word) Fill Memory Block with a word constant G(s)(,b1(,b2)) (Go) Begin Execution with optional breakpoints Hwc1,wc2 (Hex) Hexadecimal Sum and Difference Icommand tail (Input) Set Up Input Command Line L(s(,f)) (List) List Memory in Mnemonic Form Ms,f,d (Move) Move Memory Block QI(W)n Read From I/O Port QO(W)n,v Write To I/O Port Rfilespec (Read) Read Disk File into Memory S(W)s (Set) Set Memory Values SRs,f, Search For String T(n) (Trace) Trace Program Execution TS(n) (Trace) Trace and Show All Registers U(n) (Untrace) Monitor execution without Trace US(n) (Untrace) Monitor and Show all Registers V (Verify) Show Memory Layout after Disk Read Wfilespec (Write) Write Content of Block to Disk X(r) (Examine) Examine and Modify CPU Registers .in 0 .nf ///3parameters DDT-86 Command Parameters Parameter Replace With bc byte constant b1 breakpoint one b2 breakpoint two d destination for data f final address n number of instructions to execute r register or flag name s starting address s1 second starting address W word 16-bit wc word constant .in 0 .nf ///1dir Syntax: DIR (filespec) Purpose: .fi Displays the names of non-system (DIR) files in the directory of an on-line diskette. Use DIR [SYS] to find SYStem files. .nf ///2Examples Examples: .in 4 A>DIR A>DIR B: A>DIR C:MYFILE.DAT A>DIR *.CMD A>DIR A*.A86 A>DIR PROG???.H86 A>DIR PROGRAM.* A>DIR [SYS] B:UTILITY.CMD .in 0 .nf ///1dynamic .fi You can switch the current (foreground) virtual console into the background by selecting a different virtual console for display. If the switched-out virtual console is in Dynamic Mode, any program output to that console is stored in a reserved area of memory. Then, when the background virtual console is again switched into the foreground, any output stored in memory is displayed on the monitor. However, the memory area that stores screen data has a capacity of only one screen. Previous program output can be replaced by later program output if more than one screen of data is output while the virtual console is switched-out. Use the VCMODE command to switch a console from Dynamic to Buffered Mode if you anticipate a program outputting more than one screen of data to its virtual console while the console is switched-out. .nf ///1ed Syntax: ED input-filespec {d:|output-filespec} Purpose: .fi ED is the Concurrent CP/M-86 character file editor. Rename or redirect the new version of the file by specifying the destination drive or destination filespec. Chapter 4 of the Concurrent CP/M-86 User's Guide is devoted to ED. .nf ///2Commands .nf Note: CP points to the current character in the edit buffer. nA append n lines from original file to memory buffer 0A append file until buffer is one-half full #A append file until buffer is full (or end of file) B, -B move CP to the beginning (B) or bottom (-B) of buffer nC, -nC move CP n characters forward (C) or back (-C) through buffer nD, -nD delete n characters before (-D) or from (D) the CP E save new file and return to Concurrent CP/M-86 Fstring^Z find character string H save new file, re-edit using new file as the original file I enter insert mode Istring^Z insert string at CP Jsearch_str^Zins_str^Zdel_to_str juxtapose strings nK, -nK delete (kill) n lines from the CP nL, -nL move CP n lines nMcommand execute command n times n, -n move CP n lines and display that line n: move to line n :ncommand execute command through line n Nstring extended find string O return to original file nP, -nP move CP n lines forward and display n lines at console Q abandon new file, return to Concurrent CP/M-86 R read X$$$$$$$.LIB file into buffer Rfilespec^Z read filespec into buffer Sdelete string^Zinsert string^Z substitute string nT, -nT type n lines U, -U upper-case translation V, -V line numbering on/off 0V display free buffer space nW write n lines to new file 0W write until buffer is half empty nX write or append n lines to X$$$$$$$.LIB nXfilespec^Z write n lines to filespec or append if previous X command applied to the same file 0x delete file X$$$$$$$.LIB 0xfilespec^Z delete filespec nZ wait n seconds .nf ///2Examples Examples: .in 4 A>ED TEST.DAT A>ED TEST.DAT B: A>ED TEST.DAT TEST2.DAT A>ED TEST.DAT B:TEST2.DAT .ti -4 Commands: :#a :p :4c0tt :e .in 0 .nf ///1era Syntax: ERA filespec Purpose: .fi ERA erases a file or group of files. ERA accepts ambiguous file specifications. The ERAQ command works like ERA, but prompts you before performing the erasure. .nf ///2Examples Examples: .in 4 A>ERA DRAFT.BAK A>ERA B:LETTER.DAT A>ERA C:LETTER.* A>ERA D:*.BAK A>ERA B:*.* .in 0 .nf ///1eraq Syntax: ERAQ filespec Purpose: .fi ERAQ erases a file or group of files, prompting you before each deletion. ERAQ accepts ambiguous filenames. The ERA command works as ERAQ does, but does not prompt you before performing the erasure. .nf ///2Example .in 4 1A>ERAQ B:*.CMD B:ASM86 CMD ?y B:FUNCTION CMD ?n B:SDIR CMD ?y B:DSKRESET CMD ?y 1A> .in 0 .fi In the example, the user instructs ERAQ to delete all the files except C:FUNCTION.CMD. .nf ///1filename .fi Concurrent CP/M-86 identifies every file by its unique file specification. The term "filespec" is an abbreviation for file specification. A filespec can have four parts: .nf d: filename .typ ;password .fi .in +10 .ti -10 d: represents the optional drive specification, which can range from A through P, followed by a colon. .ti -10 filename represents the required filename, which can be 1 to 8 alphabetic or numeric characters. .ti -10 .typ represents the optional filetype, which can be 0 to 3 alphabetic or numeric characters preceded by a period. .ti -10 password represents the optional password, which can be 1 to 8 alphabetic or numeric characters. .in 0 .fi Valid combinations of the elements of a file specification are shown below: .nf .in 4 o d: o filename o d:filename o filename.typ o d:filename.typ o filename.typ;password o d:filename.typ;password .in 0 .fi Certain Concurrent CP/M-86 commands select and process several files if "wildcard" characters appear in the filename or filetype. The two wildcard characters are ?, which matches an single letter in the same position, and *, which matches any character at that position and any other characters remaining in the filename or filetype. .nf ///2conventions .fi Command Summary Conventions The command summary lists each CP/M-86 command in alphabetical order using the following special symbols to define command syntax: .nf .in 4 [] indicate an optional item d indicates a drive number n indicates a number | separates choices indicates a carriage return ^ indicates the Control (CTRL) key RW means Read Write RO means Read Only SYS means System attribute DIR means Directory attribute .in 0 .nf ///1gencmd Syntax: GENCMD filespec {options} Purpose: .fi Converts hexadecimal object file (filetype assumed to be .H86) into executable file (of type .CMD). Switches controlling the type of memory model and group addresses can be included. All values are hexadecimal and are paragraph values. .nf ///2Examples Examples: .in 4 A>GENCMD PROG A>GENCMD PROG1 8080 A>GENCMD PROG2 DATA[M20] A>GENCMD PROG3 DATA[B4C,M260,XFFF] A>GENCMD PROG4 CODE[A40] DATA[M30] .in 0 ///2options Syntax: GENCMD filespec {8080 CODE[An,Bn,Mn,Xn] DATA[An,Bn,Mn,Xn] STACK[An,Bn,Mn,Xn] EXTRA[An,Bn,Mn,Xn]} A = Absolute memory location B = Beginning address of group in .H86 file M = Minimum memory required X = Maximum memory required All values represented by n are hexadecimal paragraph addresses. .nf ///1help Syntax: HELP {topic,subtopic1, ... ,subtopic8} Purpose: .fi Supplies information on Concurrent CPM-86 commands. HELP, when followed by a topic and an optional sequence of subtopics, displays information about that topic on your screen. At the HELP> prompt, you can enter a topic and optional subtopics. Pressing without a topic specified terminates HELP. .nf ///2examples Examples: .in 4 A>HELP A>HELP dir A>HELP dir options HELP> help HELP> set examples .in 0 .nf ///1initdir Syntax: INITDIR d: Purpose: .fi INITDIR initializes a disk directory to allow time and date stamping on that disk. Attempting to enable time and date stamping on a directory that has not been reformatted by INITDIR will result in an error message. INITDIR only works on disks that have already been formatted according to your computer manufacturer's instructions. .nf ///2example Example: A>INITDIR C: INITDIR WILL ACTIVATE TIME STAMPS FOR SPECIFIED DRIVE Do you really want to re-format the directory? C (Y/N)? .fi Answer with a "Y" to continue. If the specified disk was already formatted for time and date stamps, INITDIR displays the message: .nf Directory already re-formatted Do you want to continue (Y/N)? .fi If you answer "Y" to this question, INITDIR asks: .nf Do you want the existing time and date stamps cleared (Y/N)? ///1pip Syntax: PIP filespec{[Gn]}=filespec{[option-list]}{,filespec[option-list],...} PIP filespec{[Gn]}|dev=filespec{[option-list]}|dev{[option-list]}{,...} Purpose: .fi Copies, combines and transfers files between peripheral devices. The first filespec is the destination. The second filespec is the source. Alternately, the source or destination can be any Concurrent CP/M-86 logical device. You can specify multiple source filespecs, with options, to concatenate several files into one. An option-list is any combination of the available options. [Gn] is the only option allowed with the destination filespec. .nf ///2Examples A>PIP B:=A:DRAFT.TXT ; Copy from one disk to another A>PIP B:NEWDRAFT.TXT=A:OLDDRAFT.TXT ; Copy a file and rename it A>PIP ; Load PIP for multiple commands A>PIP B:=C:*.* ; Copy multiple files A>PIP B:=*.TXT [AV] ; Archive and verify options A>PIP B:NEW.DAT=FILE1.DAT,FILE2.DAT ; Combine multiple files A>PIP NEWDRAFT.TXT[G1]=OLDDRAFT.TXT ; Copy, rename and place in user 1 A>PIP NEWDRAFT.TXT=OLDDRAFT.TXT[G1] ; Copy, rename and get from user 1 A>PIP B:FUNFILE.SUE=CON: ; Copy to file from console A>PIP LST:=CON: ; Copy to printer from console A>PIP LST:=B:DRAFT.TXT[T8] ; Expand tabs option A>PIP PRN:=B:DRAFT.TXT ; Copy file to printer, expand tabs, ; insert form-feeds every page .nf ///2options A - Archive option. Dn - Delete any characters past column n. E - Echo transfer to console. F - Filter form-feeds from source data. Gn - Get from or go to user code n. (default n=current user num.) H - Test for valid Hex format. I - Ignore :00 Hex data records and test for valid Hex format. K - Kill display of filenames on console. L - Translate upper case to lower case. N - Number output lines O - Object file transfer, ^Z ignored. Pn - Set page length to n. (default n=60) Qs^Z - Quit copying from source at string s. R - Read files that have been set to SYStem. Ss^Z - Start copying from the source at the string s. Tn - Expand tabs to n spaces. U - Translate lower case to upper case. V - Verify that data has been written correctly. W - Write over Read Only file without console query. Z - Zero the parity bit. .nf ///1printer Syntax: PRINTER {n} Purpose: .fi PRINTER displays or selects the printer device attached to the current virtual console. Several consoles can share the same printer, but only one process can use a given printer at a time. When you enter the PRINTER command without a number, the system returns the number of the printer assigned to the current virtual console. To select a printer, enter the PRINTER command followed by the printer number to be attached. Note: Refer to the instruction manual supplied by your hardware manufacturer to determine how many printers your system supports. .nf ///2examples Examples: A>PRINTER ; displays the current printer number Printer Number = 1 A>PRINTER 3 ; sets the current printer number Printer Number = 3 .nf ///1ren Syntax: REN {d:}newname{.typ}=oldname{.typ} Purpose: .fi REN changes the name of the existing file (specified by oldname) to a new name (specified by newname). You cannot specify two different drives. If the file given by newname is already present in the directory, REN displays the following message on the screen: .in 4 .nf Not renamed: Newfile already exists, delete (Y/N)? .in 0 .nf ///2Examples Examples: .in 4 A>REN NEWFILE.DAT=OLDFILE.DAT A>REN B:NEWFILE.DAT=OLDFILE.DAT A>REN B:NEWLIST=OLDLIST A>REN NEWFILE.DAT=OLDFILE.DAT Not renamed: Newfile already exists, delete (Y/N)? Y NEWFILE.DAT=OLDFILE.DAT .in 0 .fi In the last example, the new filename already exists. The user overrides the error by entering a Y at the prompt. .nf ///1sdir .nf Syntax: SDIR {d:}{filespec}{,filespec}{[option]|[option=modifier]} .fi The SDIR utility is an enhanced version of the DIR utility. SDIR can search for files on any or all drives, in any or all user areas. Only one option list is allowed. The most efficient way to become familiar with SDIR is to use it. SDIR does not change any information on diskette or in memory, so you can experiment with it freely. .nf ///2Examples A>SDIR [xfcb] D:*.CMD A>SDIR [short,ro] A: B: C: A>SDIR [user=3,exclude] *.CMD A>SDIR [size,rw] D: A>SDIR [user=all,drive=all,sys] *.PLI *.CMD *.A86 ///2options [ATTRIBUTES] Displays if file attributes F1-F4 are set. [DRIVE=d:] Displays files on the specified drive only. [EXCLUDE] Displays only files that do not match filespec. [FF] Prints a Form Feed character at the start of each header. [FULL] The default SDIR option. [LENGTH=n] Displays a new (Page) header every n lines. [RO] Displays Read-Only files only. [RW] Displays Read/Write attribute files only. [SIZE] Displays only file name and size. [SYS] Displays SYStem attribute files only. [USER=n] Displays files on user n only. [USER=all] Displays files on all user numbers. [XFCB] Displays only files with XFCBs or date stamping. ///1set .nf Syntax: SET d:|filespec [option{=modifier}]{,d:|filespec [option{=modifier}],...} .fi Use SET to control password protection and time stamping of files, and to set file and drive attributes. The SET command always requires a parameter. SET options are always enclosed in square brackets. SET options affect drives and files. Separate multiple options and commands by commas. .nf ///2Examples A>SET [HELP] A>SET [NAME=mylabel.dsk] A>SET *.CMD [SYS,RO,PASSWORD=secret,PROTECTION=READ] A>SET *.HEX [RW,PROTECTION=NONE,DIR] A>SET *.TEX [PASSWORD=secret,PROTECTION=WRITE] A>SET ONE.TEX,TWO.TEX [PROTECTION=NONE],*.PRN [SYS] A>SET [DEFAULT=secret] A>SET [CREATE=ON] A>SET [ACCESS=ON] A>SET [UPDATE=ON] A>SET B:[RO] A>SET B:[RW] ///2options [ACCESS=ON|OFF] Turn access time stamps on/off. [CREATE=ON|OFF] Turn creation time stamps on/off. [DEFAULT=password] Specify a default password. [DIR] Set file DIRectory attribute. [F1|F2|F3|F4=ON|OFF] Set file attribute bit (n = 1 to 4) [HELP] Display a list of examples. [MAKE=ON|OFF] Turn automatic creation of XFCBs on/off. [NAME=lablname.typ] Specify directory label name. [PASSWORD=password] Specify file or directory label password. [PROTECTION=READ|WRITE|EDIT|NONE] Set level of password protection. [RO] Set file or drive to Read-Only. [RW] Set file or drive to Read/Write. [SYS] Set file SYStem attribute. [UPDATE=ON|OFF] Turn update time stamps on/off. ///1show .nf Syntax: SHOW {d:}{option} .fi SHOW by itself displays the drive, the Read Only or Read Write mode for the optionally specified drive, and the remaining space in kilobytes for all logged-in drives in the system. Use the SHOW options to display drive characteristics, active user numbers, or the directory label. SHOW HELP displays a list of available options. .nf ///2Examples SHOW SHOW SPACE SHOW DRIVES SHOW USERS SHOW LABEL SHOW HELP SHOW A:SPACE SHOW B:DRIVE SHOW C:USERS SHOW D:LABEL ///2options SHOW SPACE ; Same as the SHOW display. SHOW DRIVES ; Displays the drive characteristics of logged-in ; drives on the system, or for a specified drive. SHOW USERS ; Displays the current user number and all user areas ; on the drive that have files assigned to them. SHOW LABEL ; Returns a display of the optional directory label, ; if it has been created. SHOW HELP ; Displays a list of the SHOW options. SHOW d: ; SHOW with the optional drive specifier displays ; information for the specified drive only. ///1submit Syntax: SUBMIT filespec (actual parameters) Purpose: .fi SUBMIT processes a command file with a filetype of .SUB consisting of of CP/M-86 commands given one command per line. Any optional parameters (such as a drive or filespec) following the filespec in the command line are substituted for their corresponding formal parameters ($1,$2,$3...) in the SUBMIT file. .nf ///2Examples .in 4 .nf A>SUBMIT START A>SUBMIT B:START A>SUBMIT START C: LETTER .nf .in 0 ///1systat Syntax: SYSTAT {[option {C} {n}] Purpose: .fi The SYSTAT utility shows the internal state of Concurrent CP/M-86. It is useful for program and system development. SYSTAT displays memory allocation, current processes, system queue activity, and many parameters associated with system data structures. SYSTAT can present either a static picture or a continuous, real-time display of these system parameters. .nf ///2examples Examples: A>SYSTAT .fi This command invokes the menu-driven feature of SYSTAT. The utility responds by displaying the following menu: .nf .in 6 Which Option ? .in +3 H(elp) M(emory) O(verview) P(rocesses - All) Q(ueues) U(ser Processes) E(xit) .in -3 ->_ .in 0 .fi Typing the appropriate letter in response to the menu obtains the associated display. To use SYSTAT without the menu, specify the menu option letter in the command, like this: .nf .in 6 A>SYSTAT [O] ; this command displays a snapshot ; overview of the system. A>SYSTAT [MC] ; this command displays a continuous ; picture of memory allocation. A>SYSTAT [UC10] ; this command displays snapshots ; of the user processes every 10 seconds. .in 0 ///2options .fi .in +8 .ti -8 [Cn] When specified in the SYSTAT command line along with another option, displays that option continuously, updating the display in real-time, until a key is pressed. Following the C option with a two-digit number, n, causes SYSTAT to update the display every n seconds. .sp .ti -8 [E] Returns you to the system prompt level from the menu. .sp .ti -8 [M] Displays all memory potentially available to users, but does not display restricted memory. The partitions are listed in memory-address order. .sp .ti -8 [O] Displays an overview of the system generation parameters. .sp .ti -8 [P] Displays all system processes and resources they use. .sp .ti -8 [Q] Displays all queues and their readers, writers and owners. .sp .ti -8 [U] Displays only user-initiated processes (similar to [P]). .nf .in 0 ///1type Syntax: TYPE filespec Purpose: .fi TYPE displays contents of an ASCII file on the screen. Press any key to discontinue the display. TYPE does not accept wildcard filespecs. Entering a ^P prior to the type command causes the output to be echoed to the printer until another ^P is entered. .nf ///2Examples Examples: .in 4 .nf A>TYPE letter.dat B>TYPE a:document.law C>TYPE program.bas D>TYPE program.a86 .fi .in 0 .nf ///1user Syntax: USER (number 0 - 15) Purpose: .fi USER displays and changes the current user number. USER with no command tail displays the current user number. USER with a number from 0 to 15 changes the current user number to the number specified by n. CP/M assumes a default user number of 0. Files set to SYStem on USER 0 are available to all USER areas as Read- Only. .nf ///2Examples Examples: .in 4 .nf A>USER B>USER 2 A>USER 7 .fi .in 0 ///1vcmode .nf Syntax: VCMODE {option} .fi VCMODE specifies background operating modes for the four virtual consoles. When a virtual console is switched-out, it operates in either the Dynamic Mode or the Buffered Mode. See the HELP file explanations under BUFFERED and DYNAMIC for more information. .nf ///2Examples A>VCMODE A>VCMODE dynamic A>VCMODE buffered A>VCMODE size=5 ///2options DYNAMIC Switches the console to Dynamic mode. If a console is in Dynamic Mode and you switch it out, data normally output to the screen fills a space in memory reserved for such data. The oldest data is lost as the new data is written in, therefore when you switch back to this console, some data may be lost. BUFFERED If a console is in Buffered Mode and switched out, data output from a running program goes into a buffer file on diskette. Thus no data is lost. SIZE=n Specifies the maximum size of the buffer file in Kbytes and switches the console to Buffered mode.