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277 lines
6.4 KiB
Plaintext
277 lines
6.4 KiB
Plaintext
.he
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.bp odd
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.cs 5
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.mt 5
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.mb 6
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.pl 66
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.ll 65
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.po 10
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.hm 2
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.fm 2
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.ft All Information Presented Here is Proprietary to Digital Research
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.he
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.tc 6.0 L068 Linker
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.ce 2
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=================== REPLACE/RE-WRITE ENTIRE SECTION ================
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=================== DOCUMENT ON LD8K ATTACHED ================
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.sh
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Section 6
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.qs
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.sp
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.sh
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L068 Linker
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.qs
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.he CP/M-8000 Programmer's Guide 6.0 L068 Linker
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.sp 3
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.tc 6.1 Linker Operation
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.sh
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6.1 Linker Operation
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.qs
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.he CP/M-8000 Programmer's Guide 6.1 Linker Operation
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.ix linker (L068) operation
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.pp 5
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L068 is the CP/M-8000 Linker that combines several AS68 assembled
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(object) programs into one executable command file. All external
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references are resolved. The linker must be used to create
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executable programs, even when a single object program contains
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no unresolved references. The argument routines are concatenated
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in the order specified. The entry point of the output is the
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first instruction of the first routine.
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.sp 2
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.tc 6.2 Invoking the Linker (L068)
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.sh
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6.2 Invoking the Linker (L068)
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.qs
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.he CP/M-8000 Programmer's Guide 6.2 Invoking the Linker
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.ix Linker, invoking
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.pp
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Invoke L068 by entering a command of the following form:
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.sp 2
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.nf
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L068 [-F d:] [-R] [-S] [-I] [-Umodname]
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[-O filename] [-X] [-Zaddress]
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[-Daddress] [-Baddress] object filename [object filename]
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[>message filename]
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.fi
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.sp 2
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.ce
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.sh
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Table 6-1. Linker Command Options
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.qs
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.sp
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.in 5
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.ll 60
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.nf
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Option Meaning
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.fi
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.in 15
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.ti -10
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.sp
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-F d:
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.sp
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The -F option specifies the drive on which temporary files
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are created. The variable d: is the drive designation.
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.ix -F option (L068)
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.sp 2
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.ti -10
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-R
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.sp
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.ix -R option (L068)
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The -R option preserves the relocation bits so the resulting
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executable program is relocatable.
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.sp 2
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.ti -10
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-S
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.ix -S option (L068)
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.sp
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If specified, the output is stripped; the symbol table and relocation
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bits are removed to save memory space.
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.bp
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.in 0
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.ll 65
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.ce
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.sh
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Table 6-1. (continued)
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.qs
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.sp
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.in 5
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.ll 60
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.nf
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Option Meaning
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.fi
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.sp
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.in 15
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.ti -10
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-I
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.sp
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.ix -I option (L068)
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If -I is specified, no 16-bit address overflow messages
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are generated. When you assemble a program without the AS68 -L option, the
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linker may generate address overflow messages if the program contains
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addresses longer than 16 bits.
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.sp 2
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.ti -10
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-Umodname
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.sp
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.ix -Umodname option (L068)
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Links a module within the library with other modules in the command line.
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The module name, specified by the modname parameter, cannot exceed eight
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characters. You can use this option to create a program from modules
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within a library, if the module following the U option calls other modules
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in the library.
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.sp 2
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.ti -10
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-O filename
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.sp
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.ix -O option (L068)
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If specified, the object file produced by L068 has the filename that you
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specify following the -O option. The -O option and filename are separated
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by one or more spaces. If you do not specify a filename, the object
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file has the name C.OUT.
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.sp 2
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.ti -10
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-X
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.sp
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.ix -X option (L068)
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If specified, the symbol table includes all local
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symbols except those that begin with the letter L. If not specified, L068
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puts only global symbols in the symbol table. This option is
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provided so that you can discard compiler internally-generated labels
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that begin with the letter L while retaining symbols local to routines.
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.bp
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.in 0
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.ll 65
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.ce
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.sh
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Table 6-1. (continued)
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.qs
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.sp
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.in 5
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.ll 60
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.nf
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Option Meaning
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.fi
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.sp
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.in 15
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.ti -10
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-Taddress
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.sp 0
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.ti -10
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-Zaddress
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.sp
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.ix -Taddress (L068)
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.ix -Zaddress (L068)
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.ix -Daddress (L068)
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.ix -Baddress (L068)
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The -T and -Z options are equivalent. If specified, the hexadecimal
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address given is defined by L068 as the beginning address for the text
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segment. This address defaults to zero, or it can be specified as any
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hexadecimal number between 0 and FFFFFFFFH. This option is especially
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useful for stand-alone programs, or for putting programs in R0M.
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Hexadecimal characters can be in upper-case or lower-case.
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.sp 2
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.ti -10
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-Daddress
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.sp
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If specified, the hexadecimal address given is defined by L068 as the
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beginning address for the data segment. This address defaults to the next
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byte after the end of the text segment, or it can be specified as any
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hexadecimal number between 0 and FFFFFFFF. This option is especially
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useful for stand-alone programs or for putting programs in ROM. Hexadecimal
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address characters can be in upper-case or lower-case.
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.sp 2
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.ti -10
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-Baddress
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.sp
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If specified, the hexadecimal address given is defined by L068 as the
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beginning address for the bss. This address defaults to the next
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byte after the end of the data segment, or it can be specified as
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any hexadecimal number between 0 and FFFFFFFF.
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.sp 2
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.ti -10
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object filename [object filename]
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.sp
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.ix object filename option (L068)
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The name of one or more object files produced by the assembler AS68.
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These are the object files that L068 links.
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.bp
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.in 0
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.ll 65
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.ce
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.sh
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Table 6-1. (continued)
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.qs
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.sp
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.in 5
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.ll 60
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.nf
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Option Meaning
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.fi
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.sp
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.in 15
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.ti -10
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>message filename
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.sp
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.ix >message filename (L068)
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If specified, error messages produced by L068 are redirected to the file
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that you specify immediately after the greater than (>) sign. If
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you do not specify a filename, error messages are written to the
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standard default output device, which typically is your console terminal.
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.in 0
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.ll 65
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.sp 2
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.tc 6.3 Sample Commands Invoking L068
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.ne 10
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.sh
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6.3 Sample Commands Invoking L068
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.qs
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.he CP/M-8000 Programmer's Guide 6.3 Commands Invoking L068
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.sp 2
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.ti 8
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A>\c
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.sh
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L068 -S -0 TEST.8000 TEST.O
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.qs
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.sp
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.in 0
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.pp
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This command links assembled file TEST.O into file TEST.8000 and strips out
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the symbol table and relocation bits.
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.sp 2
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.ti 8
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A>\c
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.sh
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L068 -T4000 -D8000 -BC000 A.O B.O C.O
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.qs
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.sp
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.pp
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This command links assembled files A.O, B.O, and C.O to the default output
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file C.OUT. The text segment starts at location 4000H; the
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data segment starts at location 8000H; and the bss starts at
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location C000H.
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.sp 2
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.ti 8
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A>\c
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.sh
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L068 -I -O TEST.8000 TEST.O TEST1.0 >ERROR
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.qs
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.sp
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.pp
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This command links assembled files TEST.O and TEST1.O to file TEST.8000.
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Any 16-bit address overflow errors are ignored; error messages are
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directed to the file ERROR.
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.sp 2
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.tc 6.4 L068 Error Messages
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.sh
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6.4 L068 Error Messages
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.qs
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.he CP/M-8000 Programmer's Guide 6.4 L068 Error Messages
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.pp
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Appendix E lists the error messages that L068 displays.
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.sp 2
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.ce
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End of Section 6
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.nx seven
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