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Digital-Research-Source-Code/CPM OPERATING SYSTEMS/CPM 86/CONCURRENT/CCPM-86 3.1 SOURCE/D8/HELP.DAT
Sepp J Morris 31738079c4 Upload 
Digital Research
2020-11-06 18:50:37 +01:00

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///1ABORT
Syntax:
ABORT programname
ABORT programname n
ABORT immediately stops execution of the program specified by
programname. If you want to abort a program running on another
console, include the number (n) of the console running the
program.
Use CTRL-C to abort a program running on the current virtual
console, and the ABORT command for programs running on another
virtual console. If you abort more than one program, the ABORT
commands are executed in the order given.
///2EXAMPLES
Examples:
In the following example, the ABORT command stops the program
TYPE which is displaying the contents of the file DOCUMENT.TXT on
the screen. Assume that the TYPE command was issued from virtual
console 1, and is aborted from virtual console 3. The drive and
user number do not affect the ABORT command.
A>TYPE DOCUMENT.TXT
Dear Sir:
The company is pleased to inform you tha...
<switch virtual console screen>
A>ABORT type 1
A>
///1asm86
Syntax:
ASM86 filespec {$options}
Purpose:
ASM-86 assembles assembly language statements, producing a file
in hexadecimal format, a print file and a symbol table file. The
assumed filetype of source and included files is A86. The
special characters X, Y and Z indicate output to the console,
output to the printer, and zero output, respectively. If no
format is specified, Digital Research format (FD) is assumed.
///2Examples
Examples:
A>ASM86 PROG
A>ASM86 PROG $SZ PX
A>ASM86 PROG $HB PY AC
///2Options
Syntax:
ASM86 filespec ($Ad Hd Pd Sd Fd)
A source file drive - .A86
d = (logical drives A-D)
H hex file drive - .H86
d = (logical drives A-D, X,Y,Z)
P print file drive - .LST
d = (logical drives A-D, X,Y,Z)
S symbol file drive - .SYM
d = (logical drives A-D, X,Y,Z)
F format of hex file- .H86
d = (D=Digital Research, I=Intel)
///1BUFFERED
You can switch the current (foreground) virtual console into the
background by selecting a different virtual console for display.
If the switched-out virtual console is in buffered mode, any
program output to that console is stored in a disk file. Then,
when the background virtual console is again switched into the
foreground, any output stored in the file is displayed on the
monitor.
The other virtual console mode is dynamic mode. When a console
is switched out and in dynamic mode, output that scrolls off the
screen is not saved. Use the VCMODE command to switch consoles
from one mode to the other.
///1CHSET
Syntax:
CHSET {d:}filename{.CMD}
CHSET {d:}filename{.CMD} [field=setting{,field=setting,...}]
CHSET [HELP]
Explanation:
CHSET is a utility that allows you to make changes in the command
header of a command file with a .CMD filetype. CHSET has three
fields that you can display or change, corresponding to the three
fields that CHSET modifies in a command header. The three fields
and their possible settings are:
8087 - The 8087 field has three possible settings, ON, OFF, or
OPT (optional). Specify ON for programs that require an 8087
processor in order to run. Choose OPT when you have a program
that can use an 8087 if it is present in your system, or emulate
an 8087 if it is not present. Specify OFF if you want to cancel
a previous ON or OPT selection.
SHARED - The SHARED field has two settings, ON or OFF. Select ON
when you want to modify a program's command header so that the
program can use Concurrent CP/M's shared code capabilities.
Specify OFF if you want to cancel a previous ON selection.
SUSPEND - The SUSPEND field has two options, ON or OFF. When you
select ON, CHSET modifies a program's command header so that
Concurrent CP/M suspends that program's operation when it
occupies a switched-out virtual console. OFF cancels a previous
ON selection.
Changing Field Settings
You can change any or all of CHSET's fields in a single command
line. To change a setting for a field or fields, enter a CHSET
command with a filespec and the fields you want to change. For
example, if you type
B>chset calc.cmd [8087=opt,shared=on,suspend=on]
CHSET modifies the command header of a program contained in the
file CALC.CMD.
Displaying Field Settings
When you enter a CHSET command with a filespec and no field
settings, CHSET displays the settings for the specified file or
files. For example, if you type
B>chset erase.cmd
CHSET responds with the following display:
B:ERASE .CMD settings are [8087=OFF,SHARED=OFF,SUSPEND=OFF]
Modifying a command header is not a trivial matter. While CHSET
cannot harm your .CMD files, inappropriate use of it can cause
your programs to behave in unpredictable ways.
CHSET [HELP]
If you type "help" in square brackets following the CHSET command
keyword in a command line, CHSET responds with a display giving
you a brief explanation of CHSET and a list of examples of
correct command line syntax. You can also type CHSET without a
command tail to summon CHSET's HELP display.
///2EXAMPLES
Examples:
A>chset taxaid.cmd [shared=on,8087=opt,suspend=off]
The above command modifies the command header of a program called
TAXAID so that it can use Concurrent CP/M's facilities for shared
code and can either use an 8087 if it is present in the system or
emulate an 8087 if it is not present. The command also turns off
the SUSPEND field for TAXAID, so that TAXAID can run when it is
in a switched-out virtual console. The inclusion of the .CMD
filetype is optional.
A>chset *
The above command displays the current settings for every command
file in the current directory. CHSET does not accept a filespec
of *.* because it accepts only a blank filetype or filetype .CMD.
B>chset ezesort [8087=on]
The above command modifies the command header for a program
called EZESORT so that it can use an installed 8087 processor.
A>chset rectify.cmd
The above command causes CHSET to respond with a display of the
current settings of the fields in RECTIFY.CMD's command header.
///1cntrlchars
Control Character Function
CTRL-C stops executing program when entered at the system
prompt or after CTRL-S.
CTRL-E forces a physical carriage return without sending
command to CCP/M.
CTRL-I same as the TAB key.
CTRL-H delete character to the left of cursor.
CTRL-J Line feed. Same effect as RETURN.
CTRL-O Suppresses console output. Program continues running in
the background. Press RETURN to return to the system
prompt.
CTRL-M same as RETURN.
CTRL-P echoes console output to the list device.
CTRL-Q restarts screen scrolling after a CTRL-S.
CTRL-R retypes the characters to the left of the cursor on a
new line.
CTRL-S stops screen scrolling.
CTRL-U cancels current command line.
CTRL-X deletes all characters to the left of the cursor.
CTRL-Z string separator for PIP and ED; terminates console input
when console is used as a source device with PIP.
///1COMMANDS
Concurrent CP/M command line syntax:
A> <command> {command tail} <RETURN>
Concurrent CP/M accepts the command lines you type following the
system prompt. The command keyword identifies the system command
or program to be executed. The optional command tail can consist
of a filespec or various command parameters, depending upon the
specific command. To complete the command, press the RETURN or
ENTER key. File specifications in command lines are composed of
the following parts:
{d:}filename{.typ}{;password}
d: is an optional drive specifier
filename is the 1- to 8-character file name
.typ is an optional file type
;password is an optional 1- to 8-character password
///1conventions
COMMAND CONVENTIONS
The following special symbols define command syntax.
{} surrounds an optional item.
| separates alternative items in a command line.
<cr> indicates a carriage return.
^ indicates the Control Key.
n substitute a number for n.
s substitute a string (group) of characters for s.
o substitute an option or option list for o.
[] type square brackets to enclose an option list.
() type parens to enclose a range of options within an option list.
RW Read-Write attribute - opposite of RO
RO Read-Only attribute - opposite of RW
SYS System attribute - opposite of DIR
DIR Directory attribute - opposite of SYS
... preceding element can be repeated as many times as desired.
* wildcard: replaces all or part of a filename and/or filetype.
? wildcard: replaces any single character
in the same position of a filename and/or filetype.
///1DATE
Syntax:
DATE
DATE CONTINUOUS
DATE date/time-specification
DATE SET
Explanation:
The DATE utility allows you to set the system clock to the
correct date and time. It also allows you to display the date and
time on the current virtual console.
The date is represented in conventional month-day-year format
MM/DD/YY while the time is represented in 24-hour clock format:
00:00:00 to 11:59:59 indicates AM, and 12:00:00 to 23:59:59
indicates PM.
///2EXAMPLES
Examples:
A>DATE
Displays the current date and time.
A>DATE C
Displays the date and time continuously.
A>DATE 11/28/83 10:35:45
Sets the date and time as specified.
A>DATE SET
Prompts you for date and time entries.
///1DDT86
Syntax:
DDT86 {filespec}
Explanation:
DDT86 aids debugging of 8086 and 8088 programs. DDT86 assumes a
default filetype of CMD. If a file specification is not
included, DDT86 is loaded into User Memory without a test
program. The test program is then loaded using the E command. If
the optional file specification is included in the command, both
DDT86 and the test program file specified by filespec are loaded
into memory. DDT86 does not support passwords. To exit DDT86,
press CTRL-C.
///2EXAMPLES
Examples:
A>DDT86
A>DDT86 PROGRAM1
A>DDT86 PROGRAM2.CMD
A>DDT86 B:PROGRAM3.CMD
DDT86 Command Examples:
-D
-L1008:0,4F
-SW23a
-DW50:0
-F100,200,FF
-A10C
-Rprog.h86
///2COMMANDS
DDT86 Command Summary:
The command character can be followed by one or more arguments.
Separate arguments from one another by commas or spaces; no
spaces are allowed between the command character and the first
argument.
As (Assemble) Enter Assembly Language Statements
Bs,f,s1 (Block Compare) Compare Blocks of Memory
D{W}{s{,f}} (Display) Display Memory in Hexadecimal and ASCII
Efilespec (Execution) Load Program for Execution
Fs,f,bc (Fill) Fill Memory Block with a byte constant
FWs,f,wc (Fill Word) Fill Memory Block with a word constant
G{s}{,b1{,b2}} (Go) Begin Execution with optional breakpoints
Hwc1,wc2 (Hex) Hexadecimal Sum and Difference
Icommand tail (Input) Set Up Input Command Line
L{s{,f}} (List) List Memory in Mnemonic Form
Ms,f,d (Move) Move Memory Block
QI{W}n Read From I/O Port
QO{W}n,v Write To I/O Port
Rfilespec (Read) Read Disk File into Memory
S{W}s (Set) Set Memory Values
SRs,f,<string> Search For String
T{n} (Trace) Trace Program Execution
TS{n} (Trace) Trace and Show All Registers
U{n} (Untrace) Monitor execution without Trace
US{n} (Untrace) Monitor and Show all Registers
V (Verify) Show Memory Layout after Disk Read
Wfilespec (Write) Write Content of Block to Disk
X{r} (Examine) Examine and Modify CPU Registers
DDT-86 Command Parameters
-------------------------
Parameter Replace With
bc byte constant
b1 breakpoint one
b2 breakpoint two
d destination for data
f final address
n number of instructions
to execute
r register or flag name
s starting address
W word 16-bit
wc word constant
///1DIR
Syntax:
DIR
DIR d:
DIR [Gn]
DIR [S]
DIR filespec
DIR filespec [Gn]
DIR filespec [S]
Explanation:
Displays the names of non-system (DIR) files in the directory of
an on-line diskette. Use DIR [S] to display the names of
SYStem files (files that have the SYS attribute set). Use DIR [Gn]
to display non-system files in User n.
///2EXAMPLES
Examples:
A>DIR
A>DIR B:
A>DIR C:MYFILE.DAT
A>DIR *.CMD
A>DIR A*.A86
A>DIR PROG???.H86
A>DIR PROGRAM.*
A>DIR [S]
A>DIR B:UTILITY.CMD [S]
///1DYNAMIC
You can switch the current (foreground) virtual console into the
background by selecting a different virtual console for display.
If the switched-out virtual console is in dynamic mode, you will
not see any program output that may have scrolled off that
console while you were switched away.
If the console is in buffered mode, this data is stored in a
temporary disk file and displayed when you switch back.
Use the VCMODE command to switch a console from dynamic to
buffered mode if you anticipate a program outputting more than
one screen of data, and you do not wish to miss it.
///1ED
Syntax:
ED input-filespec {d:|output-filespec}
Explanation:
ED is the Concurrent CP/M character file editor. You can rename
or redirect the new version of the file by specifying the
destination drive or destination filespec.
Section 10 of the Concurrent CP/M User's Reference Guide is
devoted to ED.
///2COMMANDS
ED Command Summary:
Note: CP points to the current character in the edit buffer.
nA append n lines from original file to memory buffer.
0A append file until buffer is one-half full
#A append file until buffer is full (or end of file)
B, -B move CP to the beginning (B) or bottom (-B) of buffer
nC, -nC move CP n characters forward (C) or back (-C) through buffer
nD, -nD delete n characters before (-D) or from (D) the CP
E save new file and return to Concurrent CP/M
Fstring^Z find character string
H save new file, re-edit using new file as the original file
I<RETURN> enter insert mode
Istring^Z insert string at CP
Jsearch_str^Zins_str^Zdel_to_str juxtapose strings
nK, -nK delete (kill) n lines from the CP
nL, -nL move CP n lines
nMcommand execute command n times
n, -n move CP n lines and display that line
n: move to line n
:ncommand execute command through line n
Nstring extended find string
O return to original file
nP, -nP move CP n lines forward and display n lines at console
Q abandon new file, return to Concurrent CP/M
R read X$$$$$$$.LIB file into buffer
Rfilespec^Z read filespec into buffer
Sdelete string^Zinsert string^Z substitute string
nT, -nT type n lines
U, -U upper-case translation
V, -V line numbering on/off
0V display free buffer space
nW write n lines to new file
0W write until buffer is half empty
nX write or append n lines to X$$$$$$$.LIB
nXfilespec^Z write n lines to filespec or append if previous X
command applied to the same file
0X delete file X$$$$$$$.LIB
0Xfilespec^Z delete filespec
nZ wait n seconds
///2EXAMPLES
Examples:
A>ED TEST.DAT
A>ED TEST.DAT B:
A>ED TEST.DAT TEST2.DAT
A>ED TEST.DAT B:TEST2.DAT
Command Examples:
:#a
:p
:4c0tt
:e
:5K
:B5T
:Rmyfile.txt
///1ERA
Syntax:
ERA filespec
Explanation:
ERA erases a file or group of files. ERA accepts ambiguous file
specifications. The ERAQ command works like ERA, but prompts you
before performing the erasure.
///2EXAMPLES
Examples:
A>ERA DRAFT.BAK
A>ERA B:LETTER.DAT
A>ERA C:LETTER.*
A>ERA D:*.BAK
A>ERA B:*.*
///1ERAQ
Syntax:
ERAQ filespec
ERAQ filespec [XFCB]
Explanation:
ERAQ erases a file or group of files, prompting you before each
deletion. ERAQ accepts ambiguous filenames. The [XFCB] option
erases only the extra directory information for passwords.
The ERA command works as ERAQ does, but does not prompt you
before performing the erasure.
///2EXAMPLES
Examples:
1A>ERAQ B:*.CMD
B:ABORT CMD ?y
B:FUNCTION CMD ?n
B:SDIR CMD ?y
B:PIP CMD ?y
1A>
In the example, the user instructs ERAQ to delete all the files
except C:FUNCTION.CMD.
2B>ERAQ myfile.dat [XFCB]
The command line above erases only the password information for the
file myfile.dat. First use SET to turn off password protection.
///1FILESPEC
Concurrent CP/M identifies every file by its unique file
specification. The term "filespec" is an abbreviation for file
specification. A filespec can have four parts:
d:filename.typ;password
d: represents the optional drive specification, which can
range from A through P, followed by a colon.
filename represents the required filename, which can be 1 to 8
alphabetic or numeric characters.
.typ represents the optional filetype, which can be 1 to 3
alphabetic or numeric characters preceded by a period.
;password represents the optional password, which can be 1 to 8
alphabetic or numeric characters, preceded by a
semicolon.
Valid combinations of the elements of a file specification are
shown below:
filename
d:filename
filename.typ
d:filename.typ
filename;password
d:filename;password
filename.typ;password
d:filename.typ;password
Certain Concurrent CP/M commands select and process several files
if "wildcard" characters appear in the filename or filetype.
The two wildcard characters are ?, which matches a single letter
in the same position, and *, which matches any character at that
position and any other characters remaining in the filename or
filetype.
///1gencmd
Syntax:
GENCMD filespec {options}
Purpose:
Converts hexadecimal object file (filetype assumed to be .H86)
into executable file (of type .CMD). Switches controlling the
type of memory model and group addresses can be included. All
values are hexadecimal and are paragraph values.
///2Examples
Examples:
A>GENCMD PROG
A>GENCMD PROG1 8080
A>GENCMD PROG2 DATA[M20]
A>GENCMD PROG3 DATA[B4C,M260,XFFF]
A>GENCMD PROG4 CODE[A40] DATA[M30]
///2options
Syntax:
GENCMD filespec {8080
CODE[An,Bn,Mn,Xn]
DATA[An,Bn,Mn,Xn]
STACK[An,Bn,Mn,Xn]
EXTRA[An,Bn,Mn,Xn]}
A = Absolute memory location
B = Beginning address of group in .H86 file
M = Minimum memory required
X = Maximum memory required
All values represented by n are hexadecimal paragraph addresses.
///1HELP
Syntax:
HELP {topic} {subtopic1 ... subtopic8} {[NOPAGE|LIST]}
Explanation:
HELP displays a list of topics and provides summarized
information for CCP/M commands.
HELP topic displays information about that topic.
HELP topic subtopic displays information about that subtopic.
One or two letters is enough to identify the topics. After HELP
displays information for your topic, it displays the
special prompt HELP> on your screen, followed by a list of
subtopics.
- Enter ? to display list of main topics.
- Enter a period and subtopic name to access subtopics.
- Enter a period to redisplay what you just read.
- Press the RETURN key to return to the CCP/M system prompt.
- [NOPAGE] doesn't stop at 24 lines; console display keeps scrolling.
- [LIST] removes extra lines between headings; use with CTRL-P to print.
- Press any key to exit a display and return to the HELP> prompt.
Examples:
A>HELP
A>HELP DATE
A>HELP DIR
A>HELP>.EXAMPLES
A>HELP DIR EXAMPLES
HELP>SET
HELP>.PASSWORD
HELP>SET PASSWORD
HELP>.
HELP><cr>
///1INITDIR
Syntax:
INITDIR d:
Explanation:
INITDIR initializes a directory to allow time and date
stamping on a diskette or hard disk. Attempting to enable time
and date stamping on a directory that has not been reformatted by
INITDIR will result in an error message. INITDIR only works on
disks that have already been formatted according to your computer
manufacturer's instructions.
///2EXAMPLE
Example:
A>INITDIR C:
INITDIR WILL ACTIVATE TIME STAMPS FOR SPECIFIED DRIVE
Do you want to re-format the directory on drive: C (Y/N)?
Answer with a "Y" to continue. If the specified disk was already
formatted for time and date stamps, INITDIR displays the message:
Directory already re-formatted
Do you want to recover time/date space (Y/N)?
If your directory is full and you previously enabled time and
date stamps, you can use INITDIR to free up the directory space.
If INITDIR finds time and date stamps in the directory, it
displays the following message:
Do you want the existing time and date stamps cleared (Y/N)?
///1PIP (copy)
Syntax:
DESTINATION SOURCE
PIP d:{Gn} | filespec{[Gn]} = filespec{[o]},... | d:{[o]}
Explanation:
The file copy program PIP copies files, combines files, and
transfers files between disks, printers, consoles, or other
devices attached to your computer. The first filespec is the
destination. The second filespec is the source. Use two or more
source filespecs separated by commas to combine two or more files
into one file. [o] is any combination of the available options.
The [Gn] option in the destination filespec tells PIP to copy
your file to that user number.
PIP with no command tail displays an * prompt and awaits your
series of commands, entered and processed one line at a time.
The source or destination can be any CCP/M logical device.
///2Examples
COPY A FILE FROM ONE DISK TO ANOTHER
A>PIP b:=a:draft.txt
A>PIP b:draft.txt = a:
B3>PIP myfile.dat=A:[G9]
A9>PIP B:[G3]=myfile.dat
COPY A FILE AND RENAME IT
A5>PIP newdraft.txt=oldraft.txt
C8>PIP b:newdraft.txt=a:oldraft.txt
COPY MULTIPLE FILES
A>PIP b:=draft.*
A>PIP b:=*.*
B>PIP b:=c:.*.*
C>PIP b:=*.txt[g5]
C>PIP a:=*.cmd[wr]
B>PIP a:[g3]=c:*.*
COMBINE MULTIPLE FILES
A>PIP b:new.dat=file1.dat,file2.dat
COPY, RENAME AND PLACE IN USER 1
A>pip newdraft.txt[g1]=oldraft.txt
COPY, RENAME AND GET FROM USER 1
A>PIP newdraft.txt=oldraft.txt[g1]
COPY TO/FROM LOGICAL DEVICES
A>PIP b:funfile.sue=con:
A>PIP lst:=con:
A>PIP lst:=b:draft.txt[t8]
A>PIP prn:=b:draft.txt
///2options
PIP OPTIONS
A Archive. Copy only files that have been changed since the
last copy.
C Confirm. PIP prompts for confirmation before each file copy.
Dn Delete any characters past column n.
E Echo transfer to console.
F Filter form-feeds from source data.
Gn Get from or go to user n.
H Test for valid Hex format.
I Ignore :00 Hex data records and test for valid Hex format.
K Kill display of filespecs on console.
L Translate upper case to lower case.
N Number output lines
O Object file transfer, ^Z ignored.
Pn Set page length to n. (default n=60)
Qs^Z Quit copying from source at string s.
R Read files that have been set to SYStem.
Ss^Z Start copying from the source at the string s.
Tn Expand tabs to n spaces.
U Translate lower case to upper case.
V Verify that data has been written correctly.
W Write over Read Only files without console query.
Z Zero the parity bit.
All options except C,G,K,O,R,V and W force an ASCII file
transfer, character by character, terminated by a ^Z.
///1PRINT
Syntax:
PRINT filename{[options]}{,filename{[options],...}
Explanation:
The PRINT utility allows you to send the files you enter on a
PRINT command line to the printer.
You must enter at least one filespec on a PRINT command line. You
can enter as many filespecs as will fit on Concurrent CP/M's 128-
character command line. PRINT allows you to use wildcard
filespecs. On a PRINT command line, separate filespecs with one
space or a comma.
PRINT Options
o S (SYSTEM) - The S option allows you to print a file that has
the SYS attribute.
o Tn (TAB) - n is a number of character spaces. The T option
allows you to expand or compress tab characters. PRINT replaces
each tab in a file with enough spaces to position the next
character in a column that is divisible by n. PRINT's default
setting for tab expansion is eight spaces.
o Gn (GET FROM) - n is a user number. The G option allows you to
print a file that is not in the current user number.
Enter options in square brackets following the filespec for which
you want to exercise the option.
///2EXAMPLES
Examples:
To print more than one copy of a file, repeat the file's filespec
on the PRINT command line for each additional copy that you want.
4B>print murphy.txt[g3],murphy.txt[g3],murphy.txt[g3]
This example prints three copies of the file MURPHY.TXT in user 3
of drive B.
2B>print *.txt,example.ltr[g0],a:backup.sub[g0s]
In the above example, PRINT prints all the files in the current
directory with a filetype of TXT, the file EXAMPLE.LTR in user 0,
and the SUBMIT file BACKUP.SUB, which has the SYS attribute and
is stored in user 0 of drive A.
10A>print abacus.del[g3],*.vrf[t10] angst.sub[sg0] milton.dun
The above command causes PRINT to print the file ABACUS.DEL in
user 3, and all files with a filetype of VRF in the current
directory. PRINT expands the tabs in these files to 10 spaces.
PRINT then continues with ANGST.SUB, a SUBMIT file with the SYS
attribute in user 0, and finishes with the file MILTON.DUN. Note
that commas or spaces are acceptable in separating files.
B>print *.*
The above command causes PRINT to print all of the files with the
DIR attribute in user 0 of drive B.
///1PRINTER
Syntax:
PRINTER {n}
Explanation:
PRINTER displays or selects the printer device attached to the
current virtual console. Several consoles can share the same
printer, but only one process can use a given printer at a time.
When you enter the PRINTER command without a number, the system
returns the number of the printer assigned to the current virtual
console. To select a printer, enter the PRINTER command followed
by the printer number to be attached. Note: Refer to the
instruction manual supplied by your hardware manufacturer to
determine how many printers your system supports.
///2EXAMPLES
Examples:
A>PRINTER ; displays the current printer number
Printer Number = 1
A>PRINTER 3 ; sets the current printer number
Printer Number = 3
///1REN
Syntax:
REN {d:}newname{.typ}=oldname{.typ}
Explanation:
REN changes the name of the existing file (specified by oldname)
to a new name (specified by newname). You cannot specify two
different drives. If the file specified by newname is already
present in the directory, REN displays the following message on
the screen:
Not renamed: filename.ext already exists, delete (Y/N)?
///2EXAMPLES
Examples:
A>REN NEWFILE.DAT=OLDFILE.DAT
A>REN B:NEWFILE.DAT=OLDFILE.DAT
A>REN B:NEWLIST=OLDLIST
A>REN NEWFILE.DAT=OLDFILE.DAT
Not renamed: NEWFILE.DAT already exists, delete (Y/N)? Y
NEWFILE.DAT=OLDFILE.DAT
In the last example, the new filename already exists. The user
overrides the error by entering a Y at the prompt.
///1SDIR
Syntax:
SDIR {d:}{filespec}{,filespec}{[option]|[option=modifier]}
The SDIR utility is an enhanced version of the DIR utility. SDIR
can search for files on any or all drives, in any or all user
areas. Only one option list is allowed. The most efficient way to
become familiar with SDIR is to use it. SDIR does not change any
information on diskette or in memory, so you can experiment with
it freely.
///2EXAMPLES
Examples:
A>SDIR [xfcb] D:*.CMD
A>SDIR [nosort,ro] A: B: C:
A>SDIR [user=3,exclude] *.CMD
A>SDIR [size,rw] D:
A>SDIR [user=all,drive=all,sys] *.PLI *.CMD *.A86
///2OPTIONS
Options:
[DRIVE=d] Displays files on the specified drive only.
[DRIVE=all] Displays files on all online drives.
[EXCLUDE] Displays only files that do not match filespec.
[FF] Prints a Form Feed character at the start of each header.
[FULL] The default SDIR option.
[LENGTH=n] Displays a new (Page) header every n lines.
[MESSAGE] Causes SDIR to display where it is searching for files.
[NOSORT] Displays files in the order that they are found on the disk.
[RO] Displays Read-Only files only.
[RW] Displays Read/Write attribute files only.
[SIZE] Displays only file name and size.
[SYS] Displays SYStem attribute files only.
[DIR] Displays DIRectory attribute files only.
[USER=n] Displays files on user n only.
[USER=all] Displays files on all user numbers.
[XFCB] Displays only files with XFCBs or date stamping.
[NONXFCB] Displays only files without XFCBs or date stamping.
///1SET
Syntax:
SET [options]
SET d: [options]
SET filespec [options]
Explanation:
SET initiates password protection and time stamping of
files. It also sets the file and drive attributes Read-Write,
Read-Only, DIR and SYS. It lets you label a disk and password
protect the label. To enable time stamping of files, you
must first run INITDIR to format the disk directory.
///2Label
Syntax:
SET {d:} [NAME=labelname.typ]
SET [PASSWORD=password]
SET [PASSWORD=<cr>
Examples:
A>SET [NAME=DISK100]
Labels the disk on the default drive as DISK100.
A>SET [PASSWORD=SECRET]
Assigns SECRET to the disk label.
A>SET [PASSWORD=<cr>
Nullifies the existing password.
///2Passwords
SET [PROTECT=ON]
SET [PROTECT=OFF]
SET filespec [PASSWORD=password]
SET filespec [PROTECT=READ]
SET filespec [PROTECT=WRITE]
SET filespec [PROTECT=DELETE]
SET filespec [PROTECT=NONE]
Password Protection Modes
Mode Protection
READ The password is required for reading, copying
writing, deleting or renaming the file.
WRITE The password is required for writing, deleting or
renaming the file. You do not need a password to
read the file.
DELETE The password is only required for deleting or
renaming the file. You do not need a password to
read or modify the file.
NONE No password exists for the file. If a password
password exists, this modifier can be used to
delete the password.
///2Attributes
SET filespec [attribute]
Attribute Meaning
RO sets the file attribute to Read-Only.
RW sets the file attribute to Read-Write.
SYS sets the file attribute to SYS.
DIR sets the file attribute to DIR.
ARCHIVE=OFF means that the file has not been backed up
(archived).
ARCHIVE=ON means that the file has been backed up (archived).
The Archive attribute can be turned on by SET or
by PIP when copying a group of files with the PIP
[A] option. SHOW and DIR display the Archive
option.
F1=ON|OFF turns on or off the user-definable file attribute
F1.
F2=ON|OFF turns on or off the user-definable file attribute
F2.
F3=ON|OFF turns on or off the user-definable file attribute
F3.
F4=ON|OFF turns on or off the user-definable file attribute
F4.
Examples:
SET [PROTECT=ON]
Turns on password protection for all the files on the disk.
You must turn on password protection before you can assign
passwords to files.
SET [PROTECT=OFF]
Disables password protection for the files on your disk.
A>SET MYFILE.TEX [PASSWORD=MYFIL]
MYFIL is the password assigned to file MYFILE.TEX.
B>SET *.TEX [PASSWORD=SECRET, PROTECT=WRITE]
Assigns the password SECRET to all the TEX files on drive B.
Each TEX file is given a WRITE protect mode to prevent
unauthorized editing.
A>SET MYFILE.TEX [RO SYS]
Sets MYFILE.TEX to Read-Only and SYStem.
///2Default
A>SET [DEFAULT=dd]
Instructs the system to use dd as a password if you do not
enter a password for a password-protected file.
///2Time-Stamps
Syntax:
SET [CREATE=ON|OFF]
SET [ACCESS=ON|OFF]
SET [UPDATE=ON|OFF]
Explanation:
The above SET commands allow you to keep a record of the time
and date of file creation and update, or of the last access and
update of your files.
Option Meaning
[CREATE=ON] turns on CREATE time stamps on the disk in the
default or specified drive. To record the
creation time of a file, the CREATE option must be
turned on before the file is created.
[ACCESS=ON] turns on ACCESS time stamps on the disk in the
default or specified drive. ACCESS and CREATE
options are mutually exclusive; only one can be in
effect at a time. If you turn on the ACCESS time
stamp on a disk that previously had CREATE
time stamp, the CREATE time stamp is
automatically turned off.
[UPDATE=ON] turns on UPDATE time stamps on the disk in the
default or specified drive. UPDATE time stamps
record the time the file was last modified.
Examples:
A>SET [ACCESS=ON]
A>SET [CREATE=ON,UPDATE=ON]
///2Drives
Syntax:
SET {d:} [RO]
SET {d:} [RW]
Example:
A>SET B: [RO]
Sets drive B to Read-Only.
///1SHOW
Syntax:
SHOW {d:}{option}
SHOW by itself displays the drive, the Read Only or Read Write
mode for the optionally specified drive, and the remaining space
in kilobytes for all logged-in drives in the system.
Use the SHOW options to display drive characteristics, active
user numbers, or the directory label. SHOW HELP displays a list
of available options.
///2EXAMPLES
Examples:
SHOW
SHOW SPACE
SHOW DRIVES
SHOW USERS
SHOW LABEL
SHOW HELP
SHOW A:SPACE
SHOW B:DRIVE
SHOW C:USERS
SHOW D:LABEL
///2OPTIONS
Options:
SHOW SPACE ; Same as the SHOW display.
SHOW DRIVES ; Displays the drive characteristics of logged-in
; drives on the system, or for a specified drive.
SHOW USERS ; Displays the current user number and all user areas
; on the drive that have files assigned to them.
SHOW LABEL ; Returns a display of the optional directory label,
; if it has been created.
SHOW HELP ; Displays a list of the SHOW options.
SHOW d: ; SHOW with the optional drive specifier displays
; information for the specified drive only.
///1SUBMIT
Syntax:
SUBMIT filespec (optional parameters)
Explanation:
SUBMIT processes a command file with a filetype of .SUB
consisting of Concurrent CP/M commands given one command per
line. Any optional parameters (such as a drive or filespec)
following the filespec in the command line are substituted for
their corresponding formal parameters ($1,$2,$3...) in the SUBMIT
file.
///2EXAMPLES
Examples:
A>SUBMIT START
A>SUBMIT B:START
A>SUBMIT MAX.SUB data1 data2 data3
///1systat
Syntax:
SYSTAT
SYSTAT {[option]}
SYSTAT {[option {C} {n}]}
Purpose:
The SYSTAT utility shows the internal state of Concurrent CP/M-
86. It is useful for program and system development. SYSTAT
displays memory allocation, current processes, system queue
activity, and many parameters associated with system data
structures. SYSTAT can present either a static picture or a
continuous, real-time display of these system parameters.
///2examples
Examples:
A>SYSTAT
This command invokes the menu-driven feature of SYSTAT. The
utility responds by displaying the following menu:
Which Option ?
H(elp)
M(emory)
O(verview)
P(rocesses - All)
Q(ueues)
U(ser Processes)
C(onsoles)
E(xit)
->_
Typing the appropriate letter in response to the menu obtains the
associated display. To use SYSTAT without the menu, specify the
menu option letter in the command, like this:
A>SYSTAT [O] ; this command displays a snapshot
; overview of the system.
A>SYSTAT [M C] ; this command displays a continuous
; picture of memory allocation.
A>SYSTAT [U C 5] ; this command displays snapshots
; of the user processes every 5 seconds.
///2options
[H] Displays help for SYSTAT command.
[M] Displays all memory potentially available to users, but
does not display restricted memory. The partitions are
listed in memory-address order.
[O] Displays an overview of the system generation parameters.
[P] Displays all system processes and resources they use.
[Q] Displays all queues and their readers, writers and
owners.
[U] Displays only user-initiated processes (similar to [P]).
[C] Displays physical console number, virtual console number,
the name of the process attached to the console, whether
it is a foreground background console, and whether the
console is in dynamic or buffered mode.
[E] Returns you to the system prompt level from the menu.
[option C n]
Following an option with a space and a C activates a
continuous display, until you press a key. Following the
C with a space and a one or two-digit number causes the
display to update every n seconds.
///1TYPE
Syntax:
TYPE filespec
Explanation:
TYPE displays contents of an ASCII (text) file on the screen.
Press any key to discontinue the display. TYPE does not accept
wildcard filespecs. Entering a ^P prior to the type command
causes the output to be echoed to the printer until another ^P is
entered.
///2EXAMPLES
Examples:
A>TYPE letter.dat
B>TYPE a:document.law
C>TYPE program.bas
D>TYPE program.a86
///1USER
Syntax:
USER {number 0 - 15}
Explanation:
USER displays and changes the current user number. USER with no
command tail displays the current user number. USER with a
number from 0 to 15 changes the current user number to the number
specified by n. CP/M assumes a default user number of 0. Files
set to SYStem on USER 0 are available to all USER areas as Read-
Only.
///2EXAMPLES
Examples:
A>USER
B>USER 0
A>USER 15
A>USER 7
///1VCMODE
Syntax:
VCMODE {option}
VCMODE specifies background operating modes for the four virtual
consoles. When a virtual console is switched-out, it operates in
either the dynamic mode or the buffered mode. See the HELP file
explanations under BUFFERED and DYNAMIC for more information.
///2EXAMPLES
Examples:
A>VCMODE
A>VCMODE dynamic
A>VCMODE buffered
A>VCMODE size=5
///2OPTIONS
Options:
DYNAMIC switches the console to dynamic mode. If a console is in
dynamic mode and you switch to a different console, you
will not see any data that may have scrolled off it's
screen while you were switched away.
BUFFERED If a console is in buffered mode and switched out, data
output from a running program goes into a buffer file on
disk. Thus screen output is preserved.

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